scholarly journals Evolutionary Dynamics of Small RNAs in 27 Escherichia coli and Shigella Genomes

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 330-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Skippington ◽  
Mark A. Ragan
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Small Rnas ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics

scholarly journals σE Regulates and Is Regulated by a Small RNA in Escherichia coli

2007 ◽  
Vol 189 (11) ◽  
pp. 4243-4256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl M. Thompson ◽  
Virgil A. Rhodius ◽  
Susan Gottesman
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Small Rnas ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Response Regulator ◽  
Heterologous Promoter ◽  
Genomic Libraries ◽  
Multicopy Suppressors ◽  
Intergenic Regions ◽  
Transposon Mutants

ABSTRACT RybB is a small, Hfq-binding noncoding RNA originally identified in a screen of conserved intergenic regions in Escherichia coli. Fusions of the rybB promoter to lacZ were used to screen plasmid genomic libraries and genomic transposon mutants for regulators of rybB expression. A number of plasmids, including some carrying rybB, negatively regulated the fusion. An insertion in the rep helicase and one upstream of dnaK decreased expression of the fusion. Multicopy suppressors of these insertions led to identification of two plasmids that stimulated the fusion. One contained the gene for the response regulator OmpR; the second contained mipA, encoding a murein hydrolase. The involvement of MipA and OmpR in cell surface synthesis suggested that the rybB promoter might be dependent on σE. The sequence upstream of the +1 of rybB contains a consensus σE promoter. The activity of rybB-lacZ was increased in cells lacking the RseA anti-sigma factor and when σE was overproduced from a heterologous promoter. The activity of rybB-lacZ and the detection of RybB were totally abolished in an rpoE-null strain. In vitro, σE efficiently transcribes from this promoter. Both a rybB mutation and an hfq mutation significantly increased expression of both rybB-lacZ and rpoE-lacZ fusions, consistent with negative regulation of the σE response by RybB and other small RNAs. Based on the plasmid screens, NsrR, a repressor sensitive to nitric oxide, was also found to negatively regulate σE-dependent promoters in an RseA-independent fashion.

scholarly journals Quantifying the interplay between rapid bacterial evolution within the mouse intestine and transmission between hosts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly S. Vasquez ◽  
Lisa Willis ◽  
Nate Cira ◽  
Katharine M. Ng ◽  
Miguel F. Pedro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Population Genetics ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Germ Free ◽  
Selection Dynamics ◽  
Mouse Intestine ◽  
Ciprofloxacin Resistance

SummaryDue to limitations on high-resolution strain tracking, selection dynamics during gut-microbiota colonization and transmission between hosts remain mostly mysterious. Here, we introduced hundreds of barcoded Escherichia coli strains into germ-free mice and quantified strain-level dynamics and metagenomic changes. Mutants involved in motility and utilization of abundant metabolites were reproducibly selected within days. Even with rapid selection, coprophagy enforced similar barcode distributions across co-housed mice. Whole-genome sequencing of hundreds of isolates quantified evolutionary dynamics and revealed linked alleles. A population-genetics model predicted substantial fitness advantages for certain mutants and that migration accounted for ~10% of the resident microbiota each day. Treatment with ciprofloxacin demonstrated the interplay between selection and transmission. While initial colonization was mostly uniform, in two mice a bottleneck reduced diversity and selected for ciprofloxacin resistance in the absence of drug. These findings highlight the interplay between environmental transmission and rapid, deterministic selection during evolution of the intestinal microbiota.

scholarly journals Trans-Acting Small RNAs and Their Effects on Gene Expression in Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica

EcoSal Plus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Hör ◽  
Gianluca Matera ◽  
Jörg Vogel ◽  
Susan Gottesman ◽  
Gisela Storz
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Small Rnas ◽  
Expression In Escherichia Coli

scholarly journals Adaptation, Clonal Interference, and Frequency-Dependent Interactions in a Long-Term Evolution Experiment with Escherichia coli

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohan Maddamsetti ◽  
Richard E. Lenski ◽  
Jeffrey E. Barrick
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Frequency Dependence ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Selective Sweeps ◽  
Clonal Interference ◽  
Beneficial Mutations ◽  
Frequency Dependent ◽  
Evolution Experiment ◽  
History Of

Twelve replicate populations of Escherichia coli have been evolving in the laboratory for more than 25 years and 60,000 generations. We analyzed bacteria from whole-population samples frozen every 500 generations through 20,000 generations for one well-studied population, called Ara???1. By tracking 42 known mutations in these samples, we reconstructed the history of this population???s genotypic evolution over this period. The evolutionary dynamics of Ara???1 show strong evidence of selective sweeps as well as clonal interference between competing lineages bearing different beneficial mutations. In some cases, sets of several mutations approached fixation simultaneously, often conveying no information about their order of origination; we present several possible explanations for the existence of these mutational cohorts. Against a backdrop of rapid selective sweeps both earlier and later, we found that two clades coexisted for over 6000 generations before one drove the other extinct. In that time, at least nine mutations arose in the clade that prevailed. We found evidence that the clades evolved a frequency-dependent interaction, which prevented the competitive exclusion of either clade, but which eventually collapsed as beneficial mutations accumulated in the clade that prevailed. Clonal interference and frequency dependence can occur even in the simplest microbial populations. Furthermore, frequency dependence may generate dynamics that extend the period of coexistence that would otherwise be sustained by clonal interference alone.

scholarly journals Quorum Sensing in Escherichia coli Is Signaled by AI-2/LsrR: Effects on Small RNA and Biofilm Architecture

2007 ◽  
Vol 189 (16) ◽  
pp. 6011-6020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Li ◽  
Can Attila ◽  
Liang Wang ◽  
Thomas K. Wood ◽  
James J. Valdes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Small Rnas ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Extended Model ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Autoinducer 2 ◽  
Distinct Mechanism ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT The regulatory network for the uptake of Escherichia coli autoinducer 2 (AI-2) is comprised of a transporter complex, LsrABCD; its repressor, LsrR; and a cognate signal kinase, LsrK. This network is an integral part of the AI-2 quorum-sensing (QS) system. Because LsrR and LsrK directly regulate AI-2 uptake, we hypothesized that they might play a wider role in regulating other QS-related cellular functions. In this study, we characterized physiological changes due to the genomic deletion of lsrR and lsrK. We discovered that many genes were coregulated by lsrK and lsrR but in a distinctly different manner than that for the lsr operon (where LsrR serves as a repressor that is derepressed by the binding of phospho-AI-2 to the LsrR protein). An extended model for AI-2 signaling that is consistent with all current data on AI-2, LuxS, and the LuxS regulon is proposed. Additionally, we found that both the quantity and architecture of biofilms were regulated by this distinct mechanism, as lsrK and lsrR knockouts behaved identically. Similar biofilm architectures probably resulted from the concerted response of a set of genes including flu and wza, the expression of which is influenced by lsrRK. We also found for the first time that the generation of several small RNAs (including DsrA, which was previously linked to QS systems in Vibrio harveyi) was affected by LsrR. Our results suggest that AI-2 is indeed a QS signal in E. coli, especially when it acts through the transcriptional regulator LsrR.

scholarly journals σ28-dependent small RNAs regulate timing of flagella biosynthesis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Melamed ◽  
Aixia Zhang ◽  
Michal Jarnik ◽  
Joshua Mills ◽  
Hongen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Cell Motility ◽  
Sigma Factor ◽  
Small Rnas ◽  
Posttranscriptional Regulation ◽  
Bacterial Motility ◽  
Coding Sequences ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Opposing Effects

Flagella are important for bacterial motility as well as for pathogenesis. Synthesis of these structures is energy intensive and, while extensive transcriptional regulation has been described, little is known about the posttranscriptional regulation. Small RNAs (sRNAs) are widespread posttranscriptional regulators, most base pairing with mRNAs to affect their stability and/or translation. Here we describe four UTR-derived sRNAs (UhpU, MotR, FliX and FlgO) whose expression is controlled by the flagella sigma factor σ28 (fliA) in Escherichia coli. Interestingly, MotR and FliX have opposing effects on flagellin protein levels, flagella number and cell motility, with MotR accelerating flagella synthesis and FliX decelerating flagella synthesis. Unlike most sRNAs, MotR and FliX base pair within the coding sequences of target mRNAs. They also uniquely act on ribosomal protein mRNAs thus coordinating flagella synthesis with ribosome production. The study shows how sRNA-mediated regulation can overlay a complex network enabling nuanced control of flagella synthesis.

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