The genetics of catalase in Drosophila melanogaster: isolation and characterization of acatalasemic mutants.

Abstract Activated oxygen species have been demonstrated to be the important agents in oxygen toxicity by disrupting the structural and functional integrity of cells through lipid peroxidation events, DNA damage and protein inactivation. The biological consequences of free radical damage have long been hypothesized to be a causal agent in many aging-related diseases. Catalase (H2O2:H2O2 oxidoreductase; EC 1.15.1.1) is one of several enzymes involved in the scavenging of oxygen free radicals and free radical derivatives. The structural gene for catalase in Drosophila melanogaster has been localized to region 75D1-76A on chromosome 3L by dosage responses to segmental aneuploidy. This study reports the isolation of a stable deficiency, Df(3L)CatDH104(75C1-2;75F1), that uncovers the catalase locus and the subsequent isolation of six acatalasemic mutants. All catalase mutants are viable under standard culture conditions and recessive lethal mutations within the 75Cl-F1 interval have been shown not to affect catalase activity. Two catalase mutations are amorphic while four are hypomorphic alleles of the Cat+ locus. The lack of intergenic complementation between the six catalase mutations strongly suggests that there is only one functional gene in Drosophila. One acatalesemic mutation was mapped to position 3-47.0 which resides within the catalase dosage sensitive region. While complete loss of catalase activity confers a severe viability effect, residual levels are sufficient to restore viability to wild type levels. These results suggest a threshold effect for viability and offer an explanation for the general lack of phenotypic effects associated with the known mammalian acatalasemics.

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Free radical damage to cultured porcine aortic endothelial cells and lung fibroblasts: Modulation by culture conditions

In Vitro ◽

10.1007/bf02620934 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 229-236 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Clark T. Bishop ◽

Zermeena Mirza ◽

James D. Crapo ◽

Bruce A. Freeman

Keyword(s):

Endothelial Cells ◽

Free Radical ◽

Culture Conditions ◽

Lung Fibroblasts ◽

Free Radical Damage ◽

Aortic Endothelial Cells ◽

Porcine Aortic Endothelial Cells ◽

Radical Damage ◽

Aortic Endothelial

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ANANAS SATIVA INCREASES LONGEVITY THROUGH OXIDATIVE STRESS RESISTANCE IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

African Journal of Traditional Complementary and Alternative Medicines ◽

10.21010/ajtcamv15i3.9 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 72

Author(s):

M.O Ajagun-Ogunleye

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Free Radical ◽

Stress Resistance ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Fruit Extract ◽

Free Radical Damage ◽

Oxidative Stress Resistance

Background: Ageing is the major risk factor for most non-communicable diseases. It occurs as a result of free radical damage to macromolecules in the cell, coupled with environmental stress assaults. In the quest to identify new anti-ageing bioactive compounds from natural products, and despite the therapeutic values of Ananas sativa, its anti-ageing activity has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to screen the crude, methanol fruit extract of Ananas sativa (MEAS) and its fractions, for anti-ageing bioactivity in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster w1118 wild type flies. Materials and Methods: Flies reared on food supplemented with 5, 10, and 20mg/ml fruit pulp and juice extract were assayed for longevity, fertility and stress resistance according to established protocols. Phytochemical composition and scavenging activity of extract on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH) were equally evaluated. The crude extract anti-ageing activity was assayed through a successive bioassay-guided fractionation approach, with different extraction solvents; n-Hexane, Chloroform, Ethyl acetate and Acetone. Results: There was a dose-dependent effect of the fruit extract on lifespan, fertility and oxidative stress resistance, with a unique information on the anti-ageing bioactivity of Ananas sativa. The IC50 values of the fruit extract and Ascorbic acid positive control in the free radical scavenging activity were 248.15μg/ml and 81.51μg/ml respectively. However, the bioactive fraction obtained from the Ethylacetate fraction F1, did not exhibit oxidative stress resistant effect in the model organism. Conclusion: The methanol fruit extract of Ananas sativa possesses anti-ageing bioactivity through oxidative stress resistance.

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Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Potential and Antioxidant Activities of Five Cultivars of Rosa Damascena Mill. From Isparta, Turkey

Current Topics in Nutraceutical Research ◽

10.37290/ctnr2641-452x.18:354-359 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 354-359

Author(s):

Shirin Tarbiat ◽

Azize Simay Türütoğlu ◽

Merve Ekingen

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Free Radical ◽

Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽

Rosa Damascena ◽

Free Radical Damage

Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory loss and impairment of language. Alzheimer's disease is strongly associated with oxidative stress and impairment in the cholinergic pathway, which results in decreased levels of acetylcholine in certain areas of the brain. Hence, inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity has been recognized as an acceptable treatment against Alzheimer's disease. Nature provides an array of bioactive compounds, which may protect against free radical damage and inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity. This study compares the in vitro antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of hydroalcoholic extracts of five cultivars of Rosa Damascena Mill. petals (R. damascena 'Bulgarica', R. damascena 'Faik', R. damascena 'Iranica', R. damascena 'Complex-635' and R. damascena 'Complex-637') from Isparta, Turkey. The antioxidant activities of the hydroalcoholic extracts were tested for ferric ion reduction and DPPH radical scavenging activities. The anti-acetylcholinesterase activity was also evaluated. All rose cultivars showed a high potency for scavenging free radical and inhibiting acetylcholinesterase activity. There was a significant correlation between antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. Among cultivars, Complex-635 showed the highest inhibitory effect with an IC50 value of 3.92 µg/mL. Our results suggest that all these extracts may have the potential to treat Alzheimer's disease with Complex-635 showing more promise.

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Study of antioxidant potential in leaves, stems, nuts of Juglans regia L.

International Journal of Bioassays ◽

10.21746/ijbio.2012.10.003 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 1 (10) ◽

pp. 79 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

G. Raja* ◽

Ivvala Anand Shaker ◽

Inampudi Sailaja ◽

R. Swaminathan ◽

S. Saleem Basha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Free Radicals ◽

Free Radical ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Juglans Regia ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Free Radical Damage ◽

Radical Damage

Natural antioxidants can protect the human body from free radicals and retard the progress of many chronic diseases as well as lipid oxidative rancidity in foods. The role of antioxidants has protected effect against free radical damage that may cause many diseases including cancer. Primary sources of naturally occurring antioxidants are known as whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. Several studies suggest that regular consumption of nuts, mostly walnuts, may have beneficial effects against oxidative stress mediated diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. The role of antioxidants has attracted much interest with respect to their protective effect against free radical damage that may cause many diseases including cancer. Juglans regia L. (walnut) contains antioxidant compounds, which are thought to contribute to their biological properties. Polyphenols, flavonoids and flavonols concentrations and antioxidant activity of Leaves, Stems and Nuts extract of Juglans regia L. as evaluated using DPPH, ABTS, Nitric acid, hydroxyl and superoxide radical scavenging activity, lipid peroxidation and total oxidation activity were determined. The antioxidant activities of Leaves, Stems and Nuts extract of Juglans regia L. were concentration dependent in different experimental models and it was observed that free radicals were scavenged by the test compounds in all the models.

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Trans-acting Factors Required for Inclusion of Regulated Exons in the Ultrabithorax mRNAs of Drosophila melanogaster

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/151.4.1517 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 151 (4) ◽

pp. 1517-1529 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

James M Burnette ◽

Allyson R Hatton ◽

A Javier Lopez

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Alternative Splicing ◽

P Element ◽

Splicing Factors ◽

Loss Of Function ◽

Large Collection ◽

Splicing Pattern ◽

Alternatively Spliced ◽

Hypomorphic Alleles

Abstract Alternatively spliced Ultrabithorax mRNAs differ by the presence of internal exons mI and mII. Two approaches were used to identify trans-acting factors required for inclusion of these cassette exons. First, mutations in a set of genes implicated in the control of other alternative splicing decisions were tested for dominant effects on the Ubx alternative splicing pattern. To identify additional genes involved in regulation of Ubx splicing, a large collection of deficiencies was tested first for dominant enhancement of the haploinsufficient Ubx haltere phenotype and second for effects on the splicing pattern. Inclusion of the cassette exons in Ubx mRNAs was reduced strongly in heterozygotes for hypomorphic alleles of hrp48, which encodes a member of the hnRNP A/B family and is implicated in control of P-element splicing. Significant reductions of mI and mII inclusion were also observed in heterozygotes for loss-of-function alleles of virilizer, fl(2)d, and crooked neck. The products of virilizer and fl(2)d are also required for Sxl autoregulation at the level of splicing; crooked neck encodes a protein with structural similarities to yeast-splicing factors Prp39p and Prp42p. Deletion of at least five other loci caused significant reductions in the inclusion of mI and/or mII. Possible roles of identified factors are discussed in the context of the resplicing strategy for generation of alternative Ubx mRNAs.

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