scholarly journals Complex Structure of Knob DNA on Maize Chromosome 9: Retrotransposon Invasion into Heterochromatin

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 149 (4) ◽  
pp. 2025-2037 ◽  
Author(s):  
E V Ananiev ◽  
R L Phillips ◽  
H W Rines
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Chromosome 9 ◽  
Addition Line ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Repeated Dna ◽  
Maize Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Addition ◽  
Retrotransposable Elements ◽  
Chromosome Addition Lines

Abstract The recovery of maize (Zea mays L.) chromosome addition lines of oat (Avena sativa L.) from oat × maize crosses enables us to analyze the structure and composition of specific regions, such as knobs, of individual maize chromosomes. A DNA hybridization blot panel of eight individual maize chromosome addition lines revealed that 180-bp repeats found in knobs are present in each of these maize chromosomes, but the copy number varies from ~100 to 25,000. Cosmid clones with knob DNA segments were isolated from a genomic library of an oat-maize chromosome 9 addition line with the help of the 180-bp knob-associated repeated DNA sequence used as a probe. Cloned knob DNA segments revealed a complex organization in which blocks of tandemly arranged 180-bp repeating units are interrupted by insertions of other repeated DNA sequences, mostly represented by individual full size copies of retrotransposable elements. There is an obvious preference for the integration of retrotransposable elements into certain sites (hot spots) of the 180-bp repeat. Sequence microheterogeneity including point mutations and duplications was found in copies of 180-bp repeats. The 180-bp repeats within an array all had the same polarity. Restriction maps constructed for 23 cloned knob DNA fragments revealed the positions of polymorphic sites and sites of integration of insertion elements. Discovery of the interspersion of retrotransposable elements among blocks of tandem repeats in maize and some other organisms suggests that this pattern may be basic to heterochromatin organization for eukaryotes.

scholarly journals Production and Characterization of Maize Chromosome 9 Radiation Hybrids Derived From an Oat-Maize Addition Line

Genetics ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 156 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Riera-Lizarazu ◽  
M I Vales ◽  
E V Ananiev ◽  
H W Rines ◽  
R L Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Hybrid ◽  
Chromosome Region ◽  
Chromosome 9 ◽  
Addition Line ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Organization Studies ◽  
Maize Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Addition ◽  
Radiation Hybrids ◽  
Chromosome Addition Lines

Abstract In maize (Zea mays L., 2n = 2x = 20), map-based cloning and genome organization studies are often complicated because of the complexity of the genome. Maize chromosome addition lines of hexaploid cultivated oat (Avena sativa L., 2n = 6x = 42), where maize chromosomes can be individually manipulated, represent unique materials for maize genome analysis. Maize chromosome addition lines are particularly suitable for the dissection of a single maize chromosome using radiation because cultivated oat is an allohexaploid in which multiple copies of the oat basic genome provide buffering to chromosomal aberrations and other mutations. Irradiation (gamma rays at 30, 40, and 50 krad) of a monosomic maize chromosome 9 addition line produced maize chromosome 9 radiation hybrids (M9RHs)—oat lines possessing different fragments of maize chromosome 9 including intergenomic translocations and modified maize addition chromosomes with internal and terminal deletions. M9RHs with 1 to 10 radiation-induced breaks per chromosome were identified. We estimated that a panel of 100 informative M9RHs (with an average of 3 breaks per chromosome) would allow mapping at the 0.5- to 1.0-Mb level of resolution. Because mapping with maize chromosome addition lines and radiation hybrid derivatives involves assays for the presence or absence of a given marker, monomorphic markers can be quickly and efficiently mapped to a chromosome region. Radiation hybrid derivatives also represent sources of region-specific DNA for cloning of genes or DNA markers.

A maize chromosome 3 addition line of oat exhibits expression of the maize homeobox gene liguleless3 and alteration of cell fates

Genome ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1055-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
G J Muehlbauer ◽  
O Riera-Lizarazu ◽  
R G Kynast ◽  
D Martin ◽  
R L Phillips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Homeobox Gene ◽  
Chromosome 3 ◽  
Addition Line ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Maize Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Addition ◽  
Chromosome Addition Lines

Maize chromosome addition lines of oat offer the opportunity to study maize gene expression in oat and the resulting phenotypes. Morphological examination of a maize chromosome 3 addition line of oat showed that this line exhibited several morphological abnormalities including a blade-to-sheath transformation at the midrib region of the leaf, a hook-shaped panicle, and abnormal outgrowth of aerial axillary buds. Dominant mutations in the maize liguleless3 (lg3) homeobox gene result in a blade (distal)-to-sheath (proximal) transformation at the midrib region of the leaf. Ectopic expression of the dominant mutant Lg3 allele is believed to cause the phenotype. Therefore, we suspected that the maize lg3 gene, which is located on maize chromosome 3, was involved in the phenotypes observed in the maize chromosome 3 addition line of oat. Genetic analyses of an oat BC1F2 family segregating for maize chromosome 3 showed that the presence of a stable maize chromosome 3 was required for the expression of these cell fate abnormalities. RNA expression analysis of leaf sheath tissue from oat plants carrying maize chromosome 3 demonstrated that maize LG3 transcripts accumulated in oat, indicating that this expression is associated with the blade-to-sheath transformation, hook-shaped panicle and outgrowth of aerial axillary bud phenotypes. Our results demonstrate that the maize chromosome addition lines of oat are useful genetic stocks to study expression of maize genes in oat.Key words: liguleless3, homeobox, oat-maize addition line.

Flow cytometric sorting of maize chromosome 9 from an oat-maize chromosome addition line

2001 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 658-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Li ◽  
K. Arumuganathan ◽  
H. W. Rines ◽  
R. L. Phillips ◽  
O. Riera-Lizarazu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome 9 ◽  
Addition Line ◽  
Maize Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Addition ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Flow Cytometric Sorting ◽  
Chromosome Addition Line

Nematode resistance of rape-radish chromosome addition lines

Nematology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Peterka ◽  
Holger Budahn ◽  
Shao Song Zhang ◽  
Jin Bin Li
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Heterodera Schachtii ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Addition Line ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Chromosome Addition ◽  
Chromosome Addition Lines ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Oilseed radish is resistant to the beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii Schmidt), interrupting the life cycle of this sedentary pathogen by blocking feeding cell development in the root. A complete set of nine disomic rape-radish chromosome additions, a to i, derived from a susceptible rapeseed parent as recipient and a resistant radish as chromosome donor, was assayed for nematode resistance. The addition line d exhibited the resistance level of the radish parent, confirming previous results that radish chromosome d carries a dominant gene, Hs1Rph, for nematode resistance. It was investigated if Hs1Rph is effective against a further important sedentary parasite, the northern root-knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla. The set of chromosome addition lines and the parents, rape and radish, were inoculated with second-stage juveniles (J2) of M. hapla and the plant reaction was evaluated by counting the number of egg masses per root system. By contrast to the situation in H. schachtii, the radish parent as well as addition line d showed no resistance against M. hapla and was even more susceptible than rape. It was concluded that the resistance gene Hs1Rph, which inhibits syncytium development of H. schachtii, is ineffective against M. hapla, a nematode inducing giant cell formation. Most added radish chromosomes significantly changed the number of egg masses in the recipient rape towards higher susceptibility. Two chromosomes enhanced the egg mass number beyond that of the chromosome donor radish. However, one radish chromosome decreased the egg mass production in the corresponding addition line below that in rape. This wide range of effects of the individual radish chromosomes in the rape background indicates a quantitative inheritance of host suitability to M. hapla and a complex interaction between the pathogen and radish.

scholarly journals Oat-maize chromosome addition lines: A new system for mapping the maize genome

1997 ◽  
Vol 94 (8) ◽  
pp. 3524-3529 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Ananiev ◽  
O. Riera-Lizarazu ◽  
H. W. Rines ◽  
R. L. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Maize Genome ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Maize Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Addition ◽  
Chromosome Addition Lines ◽  
New System

Standard karyotype of Triticum longissimum and its cytogenetic relationship with T. aestivum

Genome ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 731-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Friebe ◽  
Neal Tuleen ◽  
Jiming Jiang ◽  
Bikram S. Gill
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Addition Line ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Chromosome Addition ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Chromosome Addition Lines ◽  
Standard Karyotype ◽  
Fertility Genes

C-banding polymorphism was analyzed in 17 accessions of Triticum longissimum from Israel and Jordan, and a generalized idiogram of this species was established. C-banding analysis was further used to identify two sets of disomic T. aestivum – T. longissimum chromosome addition lines and 13 ditelosomic addition lines and one monotelosomic (6S1L) addition line. C-banding was also used to identify T. aestivum – T. longissimum chromosome substitution and translocation lines. Two major nucleolus organizing regions (NORs) on 5S1 and 6S1 and one minor NOR on 1S1 were detected by in situ hybridization using a 18S–26S rDNA probe. Sporophytic and gametophytic compensation tests were used to determine the homoeologous relationships of T. longissimum chromosomes. The T. longissimum chromosomes compensate rather well and fertility was restored even in substitution lines involving wheat chromosomes 2A, 4B, and 6B that contain major fertility genes. Except for the deleterious gametocidal genes, T. longissimum can be considered as a suitable donor of useful genes for wheat improvement.Key words: Triticum aestivum, Triticum longissimum, homoeology, C-banding, in situ hybridization.

Chromosomal assignment of oil radish resistance to Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica using a set of disomic rapeseed-radish chromosome addition lines

Nematology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1119-1127
Author(s):  
Shaosong Zhang ◽  
Edgar Schliephake ◽  
Holger Budahn
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Addition Line ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Chromosome Addition ◽  
Radish Root ◽  
Chromosome Addition Lines ◽  
Wide Range

Root-knot nematodes cause severe damage to a great number of crops worldwide. The use of nematicides is restricted due to environmental and toxicological risks and control of the pest by crop rotation is difficult because root-knot nematodes have a very wide range of host plants. To verify the strategy of converting rapeseed from a tolerant host for Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica to a resistant catch crop, a complete set of nine disomic rapeseed-radish chromosome addition lines (lines A to I) was tested for resistance against these Meloidogyne species. Thirty plants of each addition line and the rapeseed and radish parents as control were infected with 2500 second-stage juveniles per plant. The presence of the alien radish chromosome was confirmed by chromosome-specific microsatellite markers. After cultivation of the inoculated plants for 10 weeks in a climatic chamber the root systems were washed. The egg masses were stained with Cochenille Red and counted. The radish parent A24 was found to be resistant to M. incognita (2.4 egg masses (g root)−1) and M. javanica (0.4 egg masses (g root)−1) compared to 53.3 and 33.1 egg masses (g root)−1 for the susceptible rapeseed parent cv. Madora. The radish chromosome e was shown to be the carrier of radish root-knot nematode resistance with an average number of <1 egg mass (g root)−1 for M. incognita and M. javanica. The disomic addition lines B, C, D, G, H and I and the parental radish line A107 were classified as highly susceptible, whereas the addition lines A and F showed significantly reduced susceptibility for M. incognita but not for M. javanica. To our knowledge this is the first study on resistance effects of individual radish chromosomes in a rapeseed background against these root-knot nematodes.

Mapping barley genes to chromosome arms by transcript profiling of wheat–barley ditelosomic chromosome addition lines

Genome ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 898-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hatice Bilgic ◽  
Seungho Cho ◽  
David F. Garvin ◽  
Gary J. Muehlbauer
Keyword(s):  
Physical Mapping ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Physical Map ◽  
Rice Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome 9 ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Chromosome Addition ◽  
Chromosome Addition Lines ◽  
Chromosome 4H

Wheat–barley disomic and ditelosomic chromosome addition lines have been used as genetic tools for a range of applications since their development in the 1980s. In the present study, we used the Affymetrix Barley1 GeneChip for comparative transcript analysis of the barley cultivar Betzes, the wheat cultivar Chinese Spring, and Chinese Spring – Betzes ditelosomic chromosome addition lines to physically map barley genes to their respective chromosome arm locations. We mapped 1257 barley genes to chromosome arms 1HS, 2HS, 2HL, 3HS, 3HL, 4HS, 4HL, 5HS, 5HL, 7HS, and 7HL based on their transcript levels in the ditelosomic addition lines. The number of genes assigned to individual chromosome arms ranged from 24 to 197. We validated the physical locations of the genes through comparison with our previous chromosome-based physical mapping, comparative in silico mapping with rice and wheat, and single feature polymorphism (SFP) analysis. We found our physical mapping of barley genes to chromosome arms to be consistent with our previous physical mapping to whole chromosomes. In silico comparative mapping of barley genes assigned to chromosome arms revealed that the average genomic synteny to wheat and rice chromosome arms was 63.2% and 65.5%, respectively. In the 1257 mapped genes, we identified SFPs in 924 genes between the appropriate ditelosomic line and Chinese Spring that supported physical map placements. We also identified a single small rearrangement event between rice chromosome 9 and barley chromosome 4H that accounts for the loss of synteny for several genes.

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