scholarly journals SATELLITE DNAs IN THE EMBRYOS OF VARIOUS SPECIES OF THE GENUS DROSOPHILA

Genetics ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-439
Author(s):  
E C Travaglini ◽  
J Petrovic ◽  
J Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Buoyant Density ◽  
Gc Content ◽  
Drosophila Species ◽  
Class I ◽  
Evolutionary Divergence ◽  
Dna Molecules ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Satellite Dnas ◽  
Evolutionary Pattern ◽  
Gc Composition

ABSTRACT A tentative evolutionary pattern has been found for two classes of the multiple satellite DNA's found in the genus Drosophila. The satellite DNA's from five Drosophila species (D. melanogaster, D. simulans, D. nasuta, D. virilis and D. hydei) were analyzed and found to fall into three arbitrary CsCl buoyant density classes: Class I, ρ = 1.661-1.669 g cm-3, DNA molecules composed of primarily dA and dT moieties; Class II, ρ = 1.685 and ρ = 1.692, DNA molecules of low GC content; and Class III, ρ = 1.711, a DNA of high GC composition. The dAT satellite DNA's appear in all the species studied except D. hydei, the species of most recent evolutionary divergence, whereas the heavy satellite appears only in the two species of most recent divergence, D. virilis and D. hydei.

Chemometric Analysis of Substituent Effects. VIII. Alternative Interpretation of Substituent Effects (AISE)

1995 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 1502-1528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oldřich Pytela
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Bond ◽  
Substituent Effects ◽  
Alternative Interpretation ◽  
Class I ◽  
Reaction Centre ◽  
Correlation Equations ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Substituent Constant ◽  
Chemical Models ◽  
The Individual

Alternative interpretation of substituent effects (AISE) starts from the presumption that a substituent only possesses a single property described by a single substituent constant. This property is transmitted to the reaction centre by three different ways depending on the interaction type in the triad reaction centre - basic skeleton - substituent. For interpretation it is substantial whether or not the substituent has p electrons at the atom adjacent to the basic skeleton. If it has none, the substituent belongs to class I and operates only by its basic effect described by the mentioned single substituent constant. Substituents of class II possess a free electron pair at the atom adjacent to the basic skeleton, and those of class III have a multiple bond between the first and the second atoms which is polarized in the direction from the basic skeleton. Substituent effects in class I are described by a substituent constant identical with σI constant. Substituents in classes II and III show additional effects proportional to the same constant. Hence, a separate treatment of substituent effects in the individual classes provides three straight lines intersecting in a common point. Mathematically, the description of substituent effects in this approach is expressed by a family of lines with a single explaining variable. The point of intersection, which is referred to as the iso-effect point, is not identical with the classic standard substituent - hydrogen - but is near to CN substituent. The approach given has the advantage of adopting a single substituent constant whose scale can be adjusted relatively precisely. Its drawback (like in the case of the correlation equations derived from the principle of separation of substituent effects) lies in a more extensive set of substituents needed for a correlation. The AISE principle has been applied to 318 series of experimental data describing effects of 32 substituents in a large variety of chemical models (aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic, heteroaromatic, with or without direct conjugation between reaction centre and substituent) in both chemical reactions and equilibria. A comparison with two other correlation relations with two and three substituent constants for interpretation of substituent effects based on the principle of separation of the individual substituent effects showed that the closeness of AISE based correlations is comparable with that of the correlation equations currently used. It was somewhat less successful in the models with direct conjugation between reaction centre and substituent but the AISE principle can be used even in these cases.

scholarly journals Environmental Cadmium Exposure and Dental Indices in Orthodontic Patients

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 413
Author(s):  
Hui-Ling Chen ◽  
Jason Chen-Chieh Fang ◽  
Chia-Jung Chang ◽  
Ti-Feng Wu ◽  
I-Kuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Cadmium Exposure ◽  
Class I ◽  
P Value ◽  
Tooth Decay ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
Urine Cadmium ◽  
The Mean

Background. Previous studies have shown that environmental cadmium exposure could disrupt salivary gland function and is associated with dental caries and reduced bone density. Therefore, this cross-sectional study attempted to determine whether tooth decay with tooth loss following cadmium exposure is associated with some dental or skeletal traits such as malocclusions, sagittal skeletal pattern, and tooth decay. Methods. Between August 2019 and June 2020, 60 orthodontic patients with no history of previous orthodontics, functional appliances, or surgical treatment were examined. The patients were stratified into two groups according to their urine cadmium concentrations: high (>1.06 µg/g creatinine, n = 28) or low (<1.06 µg/g creatinine, n = 32). Results. The patients were 25.07 ± 4.33 years old, and most were female (female/male: 51/9 or 85%). The skeletal relationship was mainly Class I (48.3%), followed by Class II (35.0%) and Class III (16.7%). Class I molar relationships were found in 46.7% of these patients, Class II molar relationships were found in 15%, and Class III molar relationships were found in 38.3%. The mean decayed, missing, and filled surface (DMFS) score was 8.05 ± 5.54, including 2.03 ± 3.11 for the decayed index, 0.58 ± 1.17 for the missing index, and 5.52 ± 3.92 for the filled index. The mean index of complexity outcome and need (ICON) score was 53.35 ± 9.01. The facial patterns of these patients were within the average low margin (26.65 ± 5.53 for Frankfort–mandibular plane angle (FMA)). There were no significant differences in the above-mentioned dental indices between patients with high urine cadmium concentrations and those with low urine cadmium concentrations. Patients were further stratified into low (<27, n = 34), average (27–34, n = 23), and high (>34, n = 3) FMA groups. There were no statistically significant differences in the urine cadmium concentration among the three groups. Nevertheless, a marginally significant p-value of 0.05 for urine cadmium concentration was noted between patients with low FMA and patients with high FMA. Conclusion. This analysis found no association between environmental cadmium exposure and dental indices in our orthodontic patients.

Reduced Efficacy of the Pipeline Embolization Device in the Treatment of Posterior Communicating Region Aneurysms with Fetal Posterior Cerebral Artery Configuration

Neurosurgery ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 695-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil K Roy ◽  
Brian M Howard ◽  
Diogo C Haussen ◽  
Joshua W Osbun ◽  
Sameer H Halani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Posterior Cerebral Artery ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Class I ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Pipeline Embolization Device ◽  
Independent Association ◽  
Incomplete Occlusion

Abstract BACKGROUND Aneurysms at the origin of the posterior communicating artery (PcommA) have been demonstrated to be effectively treated with the pipeline embolization device (PED). Much less is known about the efficacy of the PED for aneurysms associated with a fetal posterior cerebral artery (fPCA) variant. OBJECTIVE To study PED treatment efficacy of PcommA aneurysms, including fPCA aneurysms. METHODS A prospectively maintained university database of aneurysm patients treated with the PED was retrospectively reviewed. Demographics, treatment details, and imaging were reviewed for all PcommA and fPCA aneurysms. RESULTS Out of a total of 285 patients treated with PED, 50 patients (mean age 57.5 ± 12.2 yr, 42 females) with unruptured PcommA (9 fPCA) aneurysms were identified. Mean follow-up duration was 14.0 ± 11.6 mo (48 patients). Roy-Raymond class I occlusion on follow-up magnetic resonance or catheter angiography (mean time 11.7 ± 6.8 mo) was achieved in 30 patients (62.5%), class II occlusion in 11 patients (22.9%) and class III occlusion in 7 patients (14.5%). The PcommA was occluded in 56% of patients without any clinical symptoms. No deaths or permanent neurological complications occurred. In fPCA aneurysms, class I occlusion was seen in 1 patient, class 2 occlusion in 2 patients, and class III occlusion in 6 patients. Multivariate analysis revealed an independent association between incomplete occlusion and fPCA configuration (OR 73.65; 95% CI: 5.84-929.13; P = .001). CONCLUSION The PED is a safe and effective treatment for PcommA aneurysms, although fetal anatomy should increase consideration of traditional endovascular techniques or surgical clipping.

Effects of antiarrhythmic drugs on atrioventricular conduction in patients with preexisting bundle branch block

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Kochav ◽  
R.C Chen ◽  
J.M.D Dizon ◽  
J.A.R Reiffel
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Class I ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Bundle Branch Block ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
History Of ◽  
Propensity Score Stratification

Abstract Background Theoretical concern exists regarding AV block (AVB) with class I antiarrhythmics (AADs) when bundle branch block (BBB) is present. Whether this is substantiated in real-world populations is unknown. Purpose To determine the relationship between type of AAD and incidence of AVB in patients with preexisting BBB. Methods We retrospectively studied all patients with BBB who received class I and III AADs between 1997–2019 to compare incidence of AVB. We defined index time as first exposure to either drug class and excluded patients with prior AVB or exposed to both classes. Time-at-risk window ended at first outcome occurrence or when patients were no longer observed in the database. We estimated hazard ratios for incident AVB using Cox proportional hazards models with propensity score stratification, adjusting for over 32,000 covariates from the electronic health record. Kaplan-Meier methods were used to determine treatment effects over time. Results Of 40,120 individuals with BBB, 148 were exposed to a class I AAD and 2401 to a class III AAD. Over nearly 4,200 person-years of follow up, there were 22 and 620 outcome events in the class I and class III cohorts, respectively (Figure). In adjusted analyses, AVB risk was markedly lower in patients exposed to class I AADs compared with class III (HR 0.48 [95% CI 0.30–0.75]). Conclusion Among patients with BBB, exposure to class III AADs was strongly associated with greater risk of incident AVB. This likely reflects differences in natural history of patients receiving class I vs class III AADs rather than adverse class III effects, however, the lack of worse outcomes acutely with class I AADs suggests that they may be safer in BBB than suspected. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

scholarly journals Duration of the Pubertal Peak in Skeletal Class I and Class III Subjects

2010 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Kuc-Michalska ◽  
Tiziano Baccetti
Keyword(s):  
Class I ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Skeletal Class

scholarly journals A convenient method of preparation of high-activity urease from Canavalia ensiformis by covalent chromatography and an investigation of its thiol groups with 2,2'-dipyridyl disulphide as a thiol titrant and reactivity probe

1976 ◽  
Vol 159 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Norris ◽  
K Brocklehurst
Keyword(s):  
Convenient Method ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Class I ◽  
Thiol Groups ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Active Centre ◽  
Class Ib ◽  
Covalent Chromatography

1. A convenient method of preparation of jack-bean urease (EC3.5.1.5) involving covalent chromatography by thiol-disulphide interchange is described. 2. Urease thus prepared has specific activity comparable with the highest value yet reported (44.5 ± 1.47 kat/kg, Km = 3.32 ± 0.05 mM; kcat. = 2.15 × 104 ± 0.05 × 104s-1 at pH7.0 and 38°C). 3. Titration of the urease thiol groups with 2,2'-dipyridyl disulphide (2-Py-S-S-2-Py) and application of the method of Tsou Chen-Lu [(1962) Sci. Sin.11, 1535-1558] suggests that the urease molecule (assumed to have mol.wt. 483000 and ε280 = 2.84 × 105 litre·mol-1-cm-1) contains 24 inessential thiol groups of relatively high reactivity (class-I), six ‘essential’ thiol groups of low reactivity (class-II) and 54 buried thiol groups (class-III) which are exposed in 6M-guanidinium chloride. 4. The reaction of the class-I thiol groups with 2-Py-S-S-2-Py was studied in the pH range 6-11 at 25°C(I = 0.1 mol/l) by stopped-flow spectrophotometry, and the analogous reaction of the class-II thiol groups by conventional spectrophotometry. 5. The class-I thiol groups consist of at least two sub-classes whose reactions with 2-Py-S-S-2-Py are characterized by (a) pKa = 9.1, k = 1.56 × 104M-1·s-1 and (b) pKa = 8.1, k = 8.05 × 102M-1·s-1 respectively. The reaction of the class-II thiol groups is characterized by pKa = 9.15 and k = 1.60 × 102M-1·s-1. 6. At pH values 7-8 the class-I thiol groups consist of approx. 50% class-Ia groups and 50% class-Ib groups. The ratio class Ia/class Ib decreases as the pH is raised according to a pKa value ≥ approx. 9.5, and at high pH the class-I thiol groups consist of at most 25% class-Ia groups and at least 75% class-Ib groups. 7. The reactivity of the class-II thiol groups towards 2-Py-S-S-2-Py is insensitive to the nature of the group used to block the class-I thiols. 8. All the ‘essential’ thiol groups in urease appear to be eeactive only as uncomplicated thiolate ions. The implications of this for the active-centre chemistry of urease relative to that of the thiol proteinases are discussed.

Comparison of Psychosocial Status in Treatment-Seeking Women with Class III vs. Class I–II Obesity

Obesity ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (3S) ◽  
pp. 90S-98S ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Wadden ◽  
Meghan L. Butryn ◽  
David B. Sarwer ◽  
Anthony N. Fabricatore ◽  
Canice E. Crerand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Class I ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Psychosocial Status

Abstract 17105: Is There a Difference in Lean and Fat Mass in HF Patients Based on NYHA Classifications (I-II versus III-IV)?

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 138 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Haedtke ◽  
Debra K Moser ◽  
Susan J Pressler ◽  
Terry Lennie
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Nyha Class ◽  
Class I ◽  
Unexpected Finding ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Medication Regimen ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nyha Classification

Introduction: As NYHA Class increases from I (ordinary physical activity does not cause undue fatigue), to Class IV (Symptoms are present while at rest) physical limitations become severe. It has previously been shown that HF patients have increased fat within the muscle thus decreasing exercise performance and tolerance. It is unclear if all NYHA classes are similarly affected. Hypothesis: HF patients with NYHA class III-IV will have more fat and less lean mass than those with NYHA class I-II. Methods: Secondary data analysis using cross sectional data from N=253. The parent study was a multicenter study about nutrition and body composition among patients with HF (preserved or reduced, and NYHA classification I-IV) who had been on a stable medication regimen, able to participate in dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan and/or BodPod body composition measures, able to read and speak English, and had no cognitive impairment. Women and men were analyzed separately due to known differences in fat and lean mass. Results: Table 1: Sample characteristic’s Testing the hypothesis using 2-way ANOVA and comparing the percentage of body weight that is lean and fat mass in NYHA class I-II vs III-IV found the interaction of gender and NYHA was not significant in either % lean or %fat (p=0.221, 0.190 respectively). NYHA class by itself was not significant (p=0.067) in %lean but was significant in %fat (p=0.046). Gender was significant in both %lean and %fat with men having 9.6% less fat (1.139 SE) and 9.8% more lean mass (1.066 SE) (p≤0.001). NYHA class III-IV had 2.3% (1.139 SE) more fat than those in NYHA class I-II. The R squared was 0.265 and adjusted R squared was 0.256. Conclusions: Part of our hypothesis was correct in that NYHA class III-IV had more fat mass than those in class I-II, but no difference was found in lean. This is an unexpected finding as healthy people gain fat mass while losing lean mass as they age. Additional studies are needed to further examine this result.

The prevalence and management of patients with hypodontia: A cross -sectional study

2021 ◽  
pp. 146531252110654
Author(s):  
Nusaybah Elsherif ◽  
Jose Rodriguez ◽  
Farooq Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Class I ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Dental Anomalies ◽  
Missing Teeth ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Pre Treatment

Background: Hypodontia is one of the most common anomalies in dentistry. Hypodontia has a negative impact on oral health-related quality of life with patients best seen in a multidisciplinary clinic to improve treatment outcomes. Aim: To investigate the prevalence of hypodontia and its association with other dental anomalies, as well as malocclusion, and to investigate the treatment planned for patients attending the clinic and whether the type of missing teeth affected the proposed treatment. Materials and Methods: Analysis of consecutive patients attending the hypodontia clinic at a dental hospital between February and November 2020. A total of 100 patients who met the inclusion criteria were identified. Data collected included the following: age/sex; number and type of missing teeth; pre-treatment occlusion; presence of other dental anomalies; and planned treatment. Results: A total of 100 patients (55% female; age range = 7–41 years; mean age = 18 years) were included. Of the cohort, 47% had a class I skeletal relationship and participants were significantly less likely to have a class III skeletal or incisor relationship; 45% had another dental anomaly with the most common being microdontia. Space opening was the preferred treatment option for those managed by orthodontic treatment with resin-bonded bridges most likely to be used for restoration of spaces, 86%. Conclusion: Lower second premolars were the most commonly missing teeth. Participants were significantly less likely to have a class III incisor or skeletal relationship than class I or II. Space opening was the favoured approach for orthodontic treatment, particularly for maxillary lateral incisors.

Regulation of mouse CYP1A1 gene expression by dioxin: requirement of two cis-acting elements during induction

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 2378-2386
Author(s):  
L A Neuhold ◽  
Y Shirayoshi ◽  
K Ozato ◽  
J E Jones ◽  
D W Nebert
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Simian Virus 40 ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Simian Virus ◽  
Class I ◽  
Ah Receptor ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Cyp1a1 Gene ◽  
Sv40 Dna

The mouse cytochrome P1450 (CYP1A1) gene is responsible for the metabolism of numerous carcinogens and toxic chemicals. Induction by the environmental contaminant tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) requires a functional aromatic hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor. We examined the 5'-flanking region of the CYP1A1 gene in mouse hepatoma Hepa-1 wild-type cells and a mutant line having a defect in chromatin binding of the TCDD-receptor complex. We identified two cis-acting elements (distal, -1071 to -901 region; proximal, -245 to -50 region) required for constitutive and TCDD-inducible CYP1A1 gene expression. Three classes of DNA-protein complexes binding to the distal element were identified: class I, found only in the presence of TCDD and a functional Ah receptor, that was heat labile and not competed against by simian virus 40 (SV40) early promoter DNA; class II, consisting of at least three constitutive complexes that were heat stable and bound to SV40 DNA; and class III, composed of at least three constitutive complexes that were thermolabile and were not competed against by SV40 DNA. Essential contacts for these proteins were centered at -993 to -990 for the class I complex, -987, -986, or both for the class II complexes, and -938 to -927 for the class III complexes. The proximal element was absolutely essential for both constitutive and TCDD-inducible CYP1A1 gene expression, and at least two constitutive complexes bound to this region. These data are consistent with the proximal element that binds proteins being necessary but not sufficient for inducible gene expression; interaction of these proteins with those at the distal element was found to be required for full CYP1A1 induction by TCDD.

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