scholarly journals Feature and Language Selection in Temporal Symbolic Regression for Interpretable Air Quality Modelling

Algorithms ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Estrella Lucena-Sánchez ◽  
Guido Sciavicco ◽  
Ionel Eduard Stan
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Multivariate Time Series ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Air Quality Modelling ◽  
Regression Problem ◽  
Car Traffic ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Language Selection

Air quality modelling that relates meteorological, car traffic, and pollution data is a fundamental problem, approached in several different ways in the recent literature. In particular, a set of such data sampled at a specific location and during a specific period of time can be seen as a multivariate time series, and modelling the values of the pollutant concentrations can be seen as a multivariate temporal regression problem. In this paper, we propose a new method for symbolic multivariate temporal regression, and we apply it to several data sets that contain real air quality data from the city of Wrocław (Poland). Our experiments show that our approach is superior to classical, especially symbolic, ones, both in statistical performances and the interpretability of the results.

scholarly journals Positive effects of COVID-19 lockdown on air quality of industrial cities (Ankleshwar and Vapi) of Western India

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritwik Nigam ◽  
Kanvi Pandya ◽  
Alvarinho J. Luis ◽  
Raja Sengupta ◽  
Mahender Kotha
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Western India ◽  
Rapid Reduction ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
The Impact

AbstractOn January 30, 2020, India recorded its first COVID-19 positive case in Kerala, which was followed by a nationwide lockdown extended in four different phases from 25th March to 31st May, 2020, and an unlock period thereafter. The lockdown has led to colossal economic loss to India; however, it has come as a respite to the environment. Utilizing the air quality index (AQI) data recorded during this adverse time, the present study is undertaken to assess the impact of lockdown on the air quality of Ankleshwar and Vapi, Gujarat, India. The AQI data obtained from the Central Pollution Control Board was assessed for four lockdown phases. We compared air quality data for the unlock phase with a coinciding period in 2019 to determine the changes in pollutant concentrations during the lockdown, analyzing daily AQI data for six pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, CO, NO2, O3, and SO2). A meta-analysis of continuous data was performed to determine the mean and standard deviation of each lockdown phase, and their differences were computed in percentage in comparison to 2019; along with the linear correlation analysis and linear regression analysis to determine the relationship among the air pollutants and their trend for the lockdown days. The results revealed different patterns of gradual to a rapid reduction in most of the pollutant concentrations (PM10, PM2.5, CO, SO2), and an increment in ozone concentration was observed due to a drastic reduction in NO2 by 80.18%. Later, increases in other pollutants were also observed as the restrictions were eased during phase-4 and unlock 1. The comparison between the two cities found that factors like distance from the Arabian coast and different industrial setups played a vital role in different emission trends.

scholarly journals Oil and gas impacts on air quality in federal lands in the Bakken region: an overview of the Bakken Air Quality Study and first results

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (20) ◽  
pp. 28749-28792 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Prenni ◽  
D. E. Day ◽  
A. R. Evanoski-Cole ◽  
B. C. Sive ◽  
A. Hecobian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Horizontal Drilling ◽  
Federal Lands ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Quality Study ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The Bakken formation contains billions of barrels of oil and gas trapped in rock and shale. Horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing methods have allowed for extraction of these resources, leading to exponential growth of oil production in the region over the past decade. Along with this development has come an increase in associated emissions to the atmosphere. Concern about potential impacts of these emissions on federal lands in the region prompted the National Park Service to sponsor the Bakken Air Quality Study over two winters in 2013–2014. Here we provide an overview of the study and present some initial results aimed at better understanding the impact of local oil and gas emissions on regional air quality. Data from the study, along with long term monitoring data, suggest that while power plants are still an important emissions source in the region, emissions from oil and gas activities are impacting ambient concentrations of nitrogen oxides and black carbon and may dominate recent observed trends in pollutant concentrations at some of the study sites. Measurements of volatile organic compounds also definitively show that oil and gas emissions were present in almost every air mass sampled over a period of more than four months.

scholarly journals Ambient air quality data reported at Sasol Secunda monitoring stations during COVID-19 lockdown – Mpumalanga, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Venter ◽  
Sandra De Vos
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Ambient Air Quality ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Monitoring Stations

Various local and international research has been published on the effects of COVID-19 lockdown on ambient air quality. In most cases, a reduction in ambient NOx and PM concentrations have been observed with varying changes in ambient SO2 levels. Secunda, located in the Highveld Priority Area in Mpumalanga, South Africa is known for its large industrial facilities utilising coal as primary feedstock. The towns of Secunda and eMbalenhle provide the majority of the workforce to Sasol and has therefore been the focus of this study. The ambient air quality in the Secunda region was assessed due to the changes in human behaviour during lockdown, familiarity with the Sasol facility and the strategic locations of ambient air quality stations.Results show a clear decrease in ambient CO, NO2 and PM concentrations, especially during the first two weeks of lockdown. Only subtle changes were observed for ambient H2S and SO2 pollutant concentrations at the ambient monitoring stations. An increasing trend in all ambient species was observed towards the end and post lockdown, in contrast to declining ambient temperatures with the onset of winter. This is also contrary to the reduction in emissions from the factory that conducted annual maintenance in the month following lockdown (phase shutdown). This article concludes that human behaviour has a material local ambient impact on CO, NO2 and PM pollutant species, while H2S concentration profiles are more directly related to the industrial complex’s levels of activity. Ambient SO2 trends did not show a similar correlation with the facility’s activities (as H2S), but a stronger correlation was observed with the diverse local and regional sources in close proximity to Secunda and eMbalenhle. The influence of better dispersion especially on a local scale, brought about by more effective emission heights, is considered material. Moreover, meteorological factors, on local air quality, has been shown to be a material contributor to observed ambient air quality levels in the study domain

scholarly journals The influence of COVID-19 preventive measures on the air quality in Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oriol Teixidó ◽  
Aurelio Tobías ◽  
Jordi Massagué ◽  
Ruqaya Mohamed ◽  
Rashed Ekaabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Abu Dhabi ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Gaseous Pollutants ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations

AbstractThe preventive and cautionary measures taken by the UAE and Abu Dhabi governments to reduce the spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and promote social distancing have led to a reduction of mobility and a modification of economic and social activities. This paper provides statistical analysis of the air quality data monitored by the Environment Agency – Abu Dhabi (EAD) during the first 10 months of 2020, comparing the different stages of the preventive measures. Ground monitoring data is compared with satellite images and mobility indicators. The study shows a drastic decrease during lockdown in the concentration of the gaseous pollutants analysed (NO2, SO2, CO, and C6H6) that aligns with the results reported in other international cities and metropolitan areas. However, particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) averaged concentrations followed a markedly different trend from the gaseous pollutants, indicating a larger influence from natural events (sand and dust storms) and other anthropogenic sources. The ozone (O3) levels increased during the lockdown, showing the complexity of O3 formation. The end of lockdown led to an increase of the mobility and the air pollution; however, air pollutant concentrations remained in lower levels than during the same period of 2019. The results in this study show the large impact of human activities on the quality of air and present an opportunity for policymakers and decision-makers to design stimulus packages to overcome the economic slow-down, with strategies to accelerate the transition to resilient, low-emission economies and societies more connected to the nature that protect human health and the environment.

scholarly journals A Gaussian Process Method with Uncertainty Quantification for Air Quality Monitoring

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1344
Author(s):  
Peng Wang ◽  
Lyudmila Mihaylova ◽  
Rohit Chakraborty ◽  
Said Munir ◽  
Martin Mayfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Gaussian Process ◽  
Noise Level ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Neumann Series ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations

The monitoring and forecasting of particulate matter (e.g., PM2.5) and gaseous pollutants (e.g., NO, NO2, and SO2) is of significant importance, as they have adverse impacts on human health. However, model performance can easily degrade due to data noises, environmental and other factors. This paper proposes a general solution to analyse how the noise level of measurements and hyperparameters of a Gaussian process model affect the prediction accuracy and uncertainty, with a comparative case study of atmospheric pollutant concentrations prediction in Sheffield, UK, and Peshawar, Pakistan. The Neumann series is exploited to approximate the matrix inverse involved in the Gaussian process approach. This enables us to derive a theoretical relationship between any independent variable (e.g., measurement noise level, hyperparameters of Gaussian process methods), and the uncertainty and accuracy prediction. In addition, it helps us to discover insights on how these independent variables affect the algorithm evidence lower bound. The theoretical results are verified by applying a Gaussian processes approach and its sparse variants to air quality data forecasting.

scholarly journals Oil and gas impacts on air quality in federal lands in the Bakken region: an overview of the Bakken Air Quality Study and first results

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 1401-1416 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Prenni ◽  
D. E. Day ◽  
A. R. Evanoski-Cole ◽  
B. C. Sive ◽  
A. Hecobian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Horizontal Drilling ◽  
Federal Lands ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Quality Study ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The Bakken formation contains billions of barrels of oil and gas trapped in rock and shale. Horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing methods have allowed for extraction of these resources, leading to exponential growth of oil production in the region over the past decade. Along with this development has come an increase in associated emissions to the atmosphere. Concern about potential impacts of these emissions on federal lands in the region prompted the National Park Service to sponsor the Bakken Air Quality Study over two winters in 2013–2014. Here we provide an overview of the study and present some initial results aimed at better understanding the impact of local oil and gas emissions on regional air quality. Data from the study, along with long-term monitoring data, suggest that while power plants are still an important emissions source in the region, emissions from oil and gas activities are impacting ambient concentrations of nitrogen oxides and black carbon and may dominate recent observed trends in pollutant concentrations at some of the study sites. Measurements of volatile organic compounds also definitively show that oil and gas emissions were present in almost every air mass sampled over a period of more than 4 months.

Methods for imputation of missing values in air quality data sets

2004 ◽  
Vol 38 (18) ◽  
pp. 2895-2907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heikki Junninen ◽  
Harri Niska ◽  
Kari Tuppurainen ◽  
Juhani Ruuskanen ◽  
Mikko Kolehmainen
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Missing Values ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Air Quality Data

Low-cost sensors and indoor air quality: A test study in three residential homes in Berlin, Germany/Kostengünstige Sensoren und Innenraumluftqualität: Eine Testuntersuchung in drei Privathaushalten in Berlin

Gefahrstoffe ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (03) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Krause ◽  
J. Zhao ◽  
W. Birmili
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Test Study ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Inorganic Pollutant ◽  
Commercial Instrument ◽  
Private Homes

There are surprisingly few representative data sets available on particulate matter (PM) and inorganic pollutant gas concentrations for indoor environments. Meanwhile, there is an increasing trend to use low-cost sensors in air quality studies, which may introduce new kinds of investigations. It is, however, unclear whether low-cost instruments can provide enough precision and long-term stability to quantify the comparatively low pollutant concentrations encountered in office and residential indoor environments. This work reports test measurements of PM2,5, CO, NO, NO2 und O3 with a commercial instrument based on low cost sensors in three private homes in Berlin, Germany.

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