scholarly journals Measuring (Non)Essentialist Beliefs About the Process of Aging

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Weiss ◽  
Manfred Diehl
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Objectives We validated an aging mindset measure that captures beliefs about the process of aging. Specifically, we introduce a brief 4-item and an extended 10-item measure assessing (non)essentialist beliefs about aging. Methods We report findings from one longitudinal and one cross-cultural study, including young, middle-aged, and older adults between 18 and 88 years. The studies established (retest) reliability and measurement invariance as well as convergent and discriminant validity of the measures. Results First, in a longitudinal study (N = 124, 50–84 years) including 4 measurement occasions, we showed that the 4-item scale assessing (non)essentialist beliefs about aging has good retest reliability and convergent as well as discriminant validity (e.g., awareness of age-related change). Second, in a large cross-cultural sample (N = 1,080, 18–82 years) of participants in the United States and Germany, we established an extended 10-item measure of (non)essentialist beliefs about aging, providing support for a 2-factor structure as well as measurement invariance across samples within and across countries (the United States and Germany), age groups (young, middle-aged, and older adults), as well as across men and women. Discussion Our results highlight the importance of distinguishing between fixed versus malleable aging beliefs in research on aging and life-span development.

How Universal Is a Construct of Loneliness? Measurement Invariance of the UCLA Loneliness Scale in Indonesia, Germany, and the United States

Assessment ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 107319112110345
Author(s):  
Joevarian Hudiyana ◽  
Tania M. Lincoln ◽  
Steffi Hartanto ◽  
Muhammad A. Shadiqi ◽  
Mirra N. Milla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Loneliness Scale ◽  
The One

The UCLA Loneliness Scale (ULS-20) and its short version (ULS-8) are widely used to measure loneliness. However, the question remains whether or not previous studies using the scale to measure loneliness are measuring the construct equally across countries. The present study examined the measurement invariance (MI) of both scales in Germany, Indonesia, and the United States ( N = 2350). The one-, two-, and three-factor structure of the ULS-20 did not meet the model fit cut-off criteria in the total sample. The ULS-8 met the model fit cut-off criteria and has configural, but not metric invariance because two items unrelated to social isolation were not MI. The final six items (ULS-6) exclusively related to social isolation had complete MI. Participants from the United States scored highest in the ULS-6, followed by participants from Germany and then Indonesia. We conclude that the ULS-6 is an appropriate measure for cross-cultural studies on loneliness.

Developmental Aspects of Ideational Fluency, Flexibility, and Originality: South Africa and the United States

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Ripple ◽  
Gail A. Jaquish
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Divergent Thinking ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Life Span Development ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
Cross Cultural Study

A cross-cultural study was conducted to provide evidence related to previous research results on the life-span development of three divergent thinking abilities (fluency, flexibility, and originality). Samples from four age groups (children, adolescents, young adults, adults) in each of two cultures (South Africa and the United States) served as participants. Participants responded to presentation of four groups of auditory stimuli recorded on a casette tape. Responses were scored for fluency, flexibility, and originality. Developmental trends across the four age groups displayed a similar pattern in both cultures for all three variables. The developmental shape of these patterns was similar to those displayed In previous research using larger samples in the United States.

scholarly journals Consumption of Ready-to-Eat Cereal and Its Associations With Food Group Intake and Diet Quality in the United States, NHANES 2017–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1114-1114
Author(s):  
Yong Zhu ◽  
Neha Jain ◽  
James Normington ◽  
Jean-Michel Michno ◽  
Nort Holschuh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Health And Nutrition

Abstract Objectives Ready-to-eat cereal (RTEC) is a nutrient-dense food that has been associated with better nutrient intake. This study was conducted to examine the association between consumption of RTEC and food group intake and diet quality in the United States using the most recent nationally representative data. Methods Participants from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017–2018 were classified as RTEC eaters or non-eaters depending on whether RTEC was reported in their day-1 dietary recall. Food group intake was estimated from Food Patterns Equivalence Database 2017–2018. Diet quality was assessed by the Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015). Differences in food group intake and diet quality by RTEC consumption status were compared by ANOVA for survey, and were analyzed separately in children (2–17 y, N = 2135), adults 18–64 y (N = 3675), and older adults (65 y or older, N = 1221). Results Consumption of RTEC was associated with significantly higher intake of whole grains and dairy products, in all age groups examined (all P < 0.01). Children who consumed RTEC had a significantly lower intake of total protein foods (3.7 cup eq. vs 4.6 cup eq., P < 0.001) and vegetables (0.7 cup eq. vs 0.9 cup eq., P < 0.001) than non-eaters, however, intake of these food groups was not significantly different in adults 18–64 y or older adults by RTEC consumption status. Consumption of RTEC was not significantly associated with intake of added sugar in all age groups examined (all P > 0.05). Diet quality, as measured by HEI-2015 total score, was significantly higher in RTEC eaters than non-eaters in children, adults 18–64y, and older adults (all P < 0.01). Conclusions The results demonstrated that consumption of RTEC was associated with higher intake of whole grains and dairy products, but not with added sugar in the US population. RTEC consumption was also associated with better diet quality. Funding Sources The study was supported by Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition, General Mills, Inc.

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