Longitudinal Associations of Sensory and Cognitive Functioning: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 1308-1316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier de la Fuente ◽  
Jacob Hjelmborg ◽  
Mette Wod ◽  
Alejandro de la Torre-Luque ◽  
Francisco Félix Caballero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Sensory Impairment ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Cognitive Difficulties ◽  
Longitudinal Associations ◽  
Hearing Difficulties ◽  
Dual Sensory Impairment

Abstract Objectives Although visual and hearing impairments have been found to be associated with cognitive decline in the old age, the mechanism underlying this relationship remains unclear. This study aimed at assessing the predictive role of visual and hearing difficulties on subsequent cognitive functioning. Method From the cohort of the first (2002) and fifth waves (2010) of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), 3,508 individuals aged 60 and older were included in the study. Five self-reported visual and hearing functioning items were used to assess sensory functioning at baseline. Cognition was assessed 8 years later by means of four measured tests covering immediate and delayed recall, verbal fluency, and processing speed. A Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes approach was used to assess the longitudinal associations of visual and hearing functioning with cognitive difficulties. A multigroup longitudinal measurement invariance was used to estimate latent change in cognitive difficulties across groups of participants presenting either visual, hearing, or dual sensory impairment (i.e., those reporting difficulties in both visual and hearing functioning items). Results Visual (β = 0.140, p < .001) and hearing (β = 0.115, p < .001) difficulties predicted cognitive difficulties 8 years later. The latent increase in cognitive difficulties was steeper in people with visual impairment (d = 0.52, p < .001), hearing impairment (d = 0.50, p < .001), and dual-sensory impairment (d = 0.68, p < .001) than those non-impaired (d = 0.12, p < .001). Discussion Visual and hearing difficulties were identified as predictors of subsequent cognitive decline in the old age. Interventions to prevent visual and hearing difficulties may have a substantial impact to slow down subsequent age-related cognitive decline.

scholarly journals Associations Between Self-Reported Sensory Impairment and Risk of Cognitive Decline and Impairment in the Health and Retirement Study Cohort

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 1230-1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asri Maharani ◽  
Piers Dawes ◽  
James Nazroo ◽  
Gindo Tampubolon ◽  
Neil Pendleton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Health And Retirement Study ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Sensory Impairment ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Adjusted Incidence ◽  
Retirement Study ◽  
Dual Sensory Impairment

Abstract Objectives We aimed to determine whether self-assessed single (hearing or visual) and dual sensory (hearing and visual) impairments are associated with cognitive decline and incident possible cognitive impairment, no dementia (CIND) and probable dementia. Method Data were drawn from the 1996–2014 surveys of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), involving 19,618 respondents who had no probable dementia and who were aged 50 years or older at the baseline. We used linear mixed models to test the association between self-assessed sensory impairment and cognitive decline followed by a Cox proportional hazard model to estimate the relative risk of incident possible CIND and probable dementia associated with the presence of sensory impairment. Results Respondents with self-assessed single and dual sensory impairment performed worse in cognitive tests than those without sensory impairment. The fully adjusted incidence of developing possible CIND was 17% higher for respondents with hearing impairment than those without hearing impairment. Respondents with visual impairment had 35% and 25% higher risk for developing possible CIND and probable dementia, respectively, than those without visual impairment. Respondents with dual sensory impairment at baseline were 38% and 26% more likely to develop possible CIND and probable dementia, respectively, than those with no sensory impairment. Discussion Self-assessed sensory impairment is independently associated with cognitive decline and incident possible CIND and probable dementia. Further studies are needed to identify the mechanism underlying this association and to determine whether treatment of sensory impairment could ameliorate cognitive decline and delay the onset of dementia among older adults.

scholarly journals Dual Sensory Impairment and Cognitive Decline: The Results From the Shelter Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukari Yamada ◽  
Michael D. Denkinger ◽  
Graziano Onder ◽  
Jean-Claude Henrard ◽  
Henriëtte G. van der Roest ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Sensory Impairment ◽  
Dual Sensory Impairment

Dual Sensory Impairment and Cognitive Impairment in the Korean Longitudinal Elderly Cohort

Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000011845
Author(s):  
Gihwan Byeon ◽  
Gyu han Oh ◽  
Jin Hyeong Jhoo ◽  
Jae-Won Jang ◽  
Jong Bin Bae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Sensory Function ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sensory Impairment ◽  
Dementia Prevalence ◽  
Dementia Incidence ◽  
Elderly Cohort ◽  
Dual Sensory Impairment

Objective:To investigate the effects of single sensory impairment (SSI; visual or auditory) or dual sensory impairment (DSI; visual and auditory) on dementia and longitudinal changes of neuropsychological test scores.Methods:In this nationwide, prospective, community-based elderly cohort study, Korean Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Aging and Dementia (KLOSCAD), 6,520 elderly individuals (58-101 year) representing the general population were included. We defined visual and auditory sensory impairment via self-report questionnaire: 932 had a normal sensory function, 2957 had a SSI, and 2631 had a DSI. Demographic and clinical variables including cognitive outcomes were evaluated every two years over six years. Through logistic regression, Cox regression, and linear mixed model analysis, the relationship between SSI or DSI and dementia prevalence, dementia incidence, and change in neuropsychological scores were evaluated.Results:At baseline, DSI was significantly associated with increased dementia prevalence compared to normal sensory function (OR=2.17, 95% CI [1.17–4.02]), but SSI was not (OR=1.27, 95% CI [0.66–2.41]). During the 6-year follow-up, the incidence of dementia was significantly higher in the DSI group than in the normal sensory function (HR=1.9, 95% CI [1.04–3.46]), and neuropsychological scores significantly decreased (β=-0.87, 95% CI [-1.17–-0.58]).Conclusions:Our results suggest that coexisting visual and hearing impairments facilitate dementia prevalence, dementia incidence, and cognitive decline, but visual or hearing impairment alone do not. Additionally, visual and hearing impairment may lead to dementia or cognitive decline independent of Alzheimer’s pathology.

scholarly journals Dual Sensory Impairment and Cognitive Performance, MCI, and Dementia in Older Adults: The ARIC Neurocognitive Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 805-806
Author(s):  
Jennifer Deal ◽  
Junghyun Park ◽  
Nicholas Reed ◽  
Alison Abraham ◽  
Frank Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Sensory Impairment ◽  
Clinical Factors ◽  
Neurocognitive Tests ◽  
Cognitive Information ◽  
Latent Variable Methods ◽  
Dual Sensory Impairment

Abstract Dual sensory impairment (DSI) affects 11.3% of adults aged ≥80 years. Hearing and vision impairments are each associated with cognitive decline and dementia, but DSI’s impact is unknown. All-cause dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) were adjudicated using longitudinal cognitive information. Ten neurocognitive tests were summarized using latent variable methods. Hearing was measured using pure tone better-ear thresholds (0.5-4 kHz) and vision with better-eye presenting distance visual acuity and/or contrast sensitivity. In 881 adults (79±4 years, 44% black, 64% female), DSI (vs. no hearing or vision impairment) was cross-sectionally associated with -0.17 standard deviations (SD) [95% confidence interval (CI): -0.32, -0.02] lower global cognitive score and an 87% increased odds (95% CI: 1.01, 3.45) of combined MCI/dementia, after full adjustment for demographic and clinical factors. Future longitudinal research should elucidate the mechanism underlying this association to determine if treatment can delay cognitive decline and MCI/dementia in older adults.

Physical fitness and cognitive functioning in old age

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soledad Ballesteros ◽  
Montserrat Gonzalez ◽  
Susana Paz ◽  
Julia Mayas ◽  
Beatriz Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Old Age

scholarly journals Sensory Loss and Delirium Among Medicare Beneficiaries

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 797-797
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Garcia Morales ◽  
Nicholas Reed
Keyword(s):  
Claims Data ◽  
Sensory Deprivation ◽  
Vision Impairment ◽  
Sensory Loss ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sensory Impairment ◽  
Medicare Beneficiaries ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dual Sensory Impairment

Abstract Sensory impairment is prevalent among older adults and may increase risk for delirium via mechanisms including sensory deprivation and poor communication which may result in confusion and agitation. In the Medicare Current Beneficiary Study (MCBS), delirium was measured using a validated algorithm of claims data. Sensory impairment was defined as any self-reported trouble hearing or seeing, with the use of aids, and was categorized as no impairment, hearing impairment only (HI), vision impairment only (VI), and dual sensory impairment (DSI). Among, 3,240 hospitalized participants in 2016-2017, 346 (10.7%) experienced delirium. In a model adjusted for socio-demographic and health characteristics, those with HI only, VI only, and DSI had 0.84 (95% CI: 0.6-1.3), 1.1 (95% CI 0.7-1.7), and 1.5 (95% CI 1.0-2.1) times the odds of experiencing delirium compared to those without sensory impairment. Future research should focus on mechanisms underlying association and determine the impact of treatment of sensory loss.

scholarly journals Satisfaction With Health Care by Dual Sensory Impairment Status

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 798-798
Author(s):  
Lama Assi ◽  
Ahmed Shakarchi ◽  
Bonnielin Swenor ◽  
Nicholas Reed
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Health Determinants ◽  
Sensory Impairment ◽  
Medicare Beneficiaries ◽  
The Past ◽  
Patient Provider Communication ◽  
Care Satisfaction ◽  
Dual Sensory Impairment

Abstract Sensory impairment is a barrier to patient-provider communication and access to care, which may impact satisfaction with care. Satisfaction with the quality of care received in the past year was assessed in the 2017 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (weighted sample=53,905,182 Medicare beneficiaries). Self-reported sensory impairment was categorized as no sensory impairment, hearing impairment (HI)-only, vision impairment (VI)-only, and dual sensory impairment (DSI) – concurrent HI and VI. In a model adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and health determinants, having DSI was associated with higher odds of dissatisfaction with the quality of care received (Odds Ratio [OR]=1.53, 95%Confidence Interval [CI]=1.14-2.06) relative to no sensory impairment; however, having HI-only or VI-only were not (OR=1.33, 95%CI=1.94-1.89, and OR=1.32, 95%CI=0.95-1.93, respectively). These findings have implications for healthcare providers as Medicare shifts to value-based reimbursement. Moreover, previous work that singularly focused on HI or VI alone may have failed to recognize the compounded effect of DSI.

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