scholarly journals Painting by Lesions: Functional Networks Affected by White Matter Lesions Are Associated with Poorer Cognition

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 490-491
Author(s):  
Rachel Crockett ◽  
Chun Liang Hsu ◽  
Roger Tam ◽  
Todd Handy ◽  
Teresa Liu-Ambrose
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
White Matter Lesions ◽  
Functional Networks ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution Test ◽  
Symbol Substitution ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Global Cognition ◽  
Visual Network

Abstract Cerebrovascular disease (CvD) is the second most common cause of dementia. Its associated pathology, such as white matter lesions (WML), is associated with reduced cognition. Due to the high variability, the relevance of WML location remains unknown. We hypothesised that although the location of WMLs may appear sporadic, they may actually lie within common functional networks. We used novel imaging methods to map the location of WMLs in a clinical sample with the functional connectivity associated with the same location in the human connectome. This identified the functional networks containing the largest WML load (>50%) in older adults with CvD. We then analyzed the association between level of disruption to these networks and measures of global cognition and executive functions. Included in this study were 164 older adults (>55 years old) with CvD. Cognition was assessed using the: 1) Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA); 2) Stroop Colour Word Test; 3) Trail Making Tests; and 4) Digit Symbol Substitution Test. Our results found that the visual network and ventral attention network (VAN) surpassed the 50% overlap threshold with 85% and 66% overlap respectively. Additionally, after controlling for multiple comparisons and age, the level of disruption to the VAN was significantly associated with poorer global cognition, as measured by the MoCA (p=.001). These novel findings identify the functional networks most affected by the presence of WMLs in older adults with CvD and suggest that the disruption to the VAN caused by WML load may underlie the deficits seen in cognition in this population.

scholarly journals Painting by lesions: White matter hyperintensities disrupt functional networks and global cognition

NeuroImage ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 236 ◽  
pp. 118089
Author(s):  
Rachel A. Crockett ◽  
Chun Liang Hsu ◽  
Elizabeth Dao ◽  
Roger Tam ◽  
Janice J. Eng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensities ◽  
Functional Networks ◽  
Global Cognition

scholarly journals Peripheral Insulin Resistance in Cognitively Normal Older Adults Relates to Poorer Performance on a Test for Speed of Processing

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 76-76
Author(s):  
Aaron Smith ◽  
Matthew Taylor ◽  
Jim Backes ◽  
Juleah Littrell ◽  
Caitlin Boeckman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution Test ◽  
Digit Symbol ◽  
Speed Of Processing ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Peripheral Insulin Resistance ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution ◽  
Symbol Substitution ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objectives Peripheral insulin resistance (IR) and impaired glucose metabolism increases the risk for cognitive decline. However, data looking at peripheral IR's relationship with cognition in cognitively normal adults is limited. This study aimed to assess the relationship between peripheral IR and tests of speed of processing (SOP) in cognitively normal older adults using a novel IR measure. Methods Baseline data from 56 cognitively normal older adults participating in a nutrition intervention study (Nutrition Interventions for Cognitive Enhancement study; NICE study) were analyzed. Fasting blood draws were attained, and peripheral IR was measured using Quest Diagnostics’ Cardio IQ Insulin Resistance Panel (Test Code: 36,509). A cognitive battery was conducted by a trained psychometrician. Z-Scores of the Digit Symbol Substitution Test, Stroop Color, Stroop Word, Stroop Interference, and Stroop Letter Number Sequencing and Crossing-Off tests were combined to give a global SOP score. We constructed ordinary least squares regression models to assess IR's relationships with individual SOP tests and global SOP, including age and education as covariates. Statistical analyses were performed using R (v. 3.6.2; R Foundation, Vienna, Austria). Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results Participants were 77% female and had a mean age of 72.1 ± 4.9 years. Higher IR scores were related to poorer performance on the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (β = −0.26, P = 0.04). IR scores were not related to other individual cognitive tests: Stroop Color (β = −0.17, P = 0.20), Stroop Word (β = −0.19, P = 0.11), Stroop Interference (β = −0.14, P = 0.28), Stroop Letter Number Sequencing (β = 0.03, P = 0.83), Crossing-Off (β = −0.18, P = 0.15), or Global SOP (β = −0.20, P = 0.11). Conclusions There was a relationship between higher IR scores and poorer performance on the Digit Symbol Substitution Test. Although other SOP tests were not significantly correlated with IR scores, directionality of the relationships indicated trend for higher IR being related to lower SOP. Consequently, maintaining insulin sensitivity with healthy lifestyle choices may be important for healthy aging. Future analyses with a larger sample size will be more informative for understanding the relationship between IR and SOP. Funding Sources National Institute on Aging.

scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL AGING IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED MONOCYTE INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY IN OLDER ADULTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S908-S909
Author(s):  
Juliette Tavenier ◽  
Line J H Rasmussen ◽  
Morten B Houlind ◽  
Aino L Andersen ◽  
Anne Langkilde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Biological Aging ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution Test ◽  
Emergency Department Admission ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Symbol Substitution ◽  
Flow Cytometry Staining

Abstract Chronic inflammation is thought to play a central role in biological aging. However, the causes of chronic inflammation are not fully elucidated. We hypothesized that a dysregulation in monocyte inflammatory activity may contribute to chronic inflammation and biological aging. There are no validated methods for Biological Age (BA) estimation. Therefore, we also hypothesized that older adults with a recent ED (Emergency Department) admission had a higher BA compared to age-matched older adults without a recent ED admission. Two groups of older adults were enrolled: a “high BA”-group who were discharged from the ED four weeks preceding data collection (n=52), and a “low BA”-group consisting of age and sex matched participants without ED admission within the two years preceding data collection (n=52). We assessed NF-κB phosphorylation (Ser529) and NLRP3 inflammasome levels in monocytes using flow cytometry staining of whole blood. Preliminary analyses showed that participants had a median age of 74.8 (IQR: 70.7–82.0) years, 48% were women. Participants in the high-BA group had reduced lower body strength (30 seconds chair stand test p=0.02 and 4 meters gait speed p=0.001) and cognitive function (Digit Symbol Substitution Test p=0.001 and Trail Making Test p=0.002) compared to the low-BA group. Monocytes of participants in the low BA group had lower constitutive p-NF-κB (p< 0.0001) and NLRP3 (p=0.0001) median fluorescence intensity compared to the high BA group. Increased monocyte inflammatory activity assessed by p-NF-κB and NLRP3 was associated with a higher BA. We will investigate associations between monocyte inflammatory activity and markers of chronic inflammation.

Effect of buprenorphine on psychomotor functions in patients on buprenorphine maintenance

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankush Singhal, MBBS, MD, MRCPsych ◽  
B.M. Tripathi, MBBS, MD, MRCPsych ◽  
Hem Raj Pal, MBBS, MD ◽  
Renuka Jena, PhD ◽  
Raka Jain, MSc, PhD, Cchem, FRSC
Keyword(s):  
Psychomotor Performance ◽  
Maintenance Dose ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Practice Effect ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution Test ◽  
Digit Symbol ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution ◽  
Symbol Substitution ◽  
Trail Making

Objective: Patients on buprenorphine maintenance for opioid dependence often abuse its additional doses over and above the maintenance dose. Being a psychoactive agent, it may affect psychomotor performance with all its consequences, for example, effect on quality of life. This study was conducted to assess the effects of its additional doses on psychomotor performance in patients who are maintained on it.Design and Setting: This was an interventional study, carried out in an in-patient setting in a tertiary care national drug dependence treatment center.Participants: It included 19 subjects maintained on buprenorphine, 4 mg/d (s/L) for at least a month.Intervention: Maintenance dose was followed by three administrations of buprenorphine, 2 mg, at two hourly intervals (cumulative dose design).Main Outcome Measures: Subjects were assessed on digit symbol substitution test, trail making, digit span, and delayed recall, after each administration and the next morning. Results: Performance of subjects on Digit Symbol Substitution Test (χ2 = 52.98, p < 0.000) and Trail Making Test-A (χ2 = 26.29, p < 0.000) and B (χ2 = 42.08, p < 0.000) improved significantly with each assessment while other tests were unaffected.Conclusions: Improvement in psychomotor performance (which could be true effect of drug itself or a result of other factors, eg, inadequate maintenance dose or practice effect) though contrasting with some of the earlier findings, does have significant clinical implications regarding the long-term use of buprenorphine. It would be worthwhile repeating this type of study in a placebo controlled design to further verify the results.

scholarly journals White matter lesions defined by diffusion tensor imaging in older adults

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Back ◽  
Christopher D. Kroenke ◽  
Larry S. Sherman ◽  
Gus Lawrence ◽  
Xi Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
White Matter Lesions

scholarly journals 0639 Long Term Oral Appliance Therapy Decreases Stress Symptoms In Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome Patients

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A244-A244
Author(s):  
L B Godoy ◽  
K M Sousa ◽  
L O Palombini ◽  
T M Guimarães ◽  
D Poyares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Airway ◽  
Mandibular Advancement ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution Test ◽  
Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome ◽  
Color Test ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Symbol Substitution ◽  
Trail Making

Abstract Introduction Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome (UARS) is suspected in individuals with excessive daytime sleepiness, fatigue and sleep fragmentation due to increased respiratory effort. UARS can negatively impact daytime function and decrease quality of life. Cognitive impairment in UARS patients has not been well stablished yet. The objective of the study was to evaluate the long-term effects of a mandibular advancement device (MAD) on cognitive function in patients with UARS compared with placebo. Methods This study was a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Thirty UARS patients were randomized in two groups: placebo and MAD groups. UARS criteria were the presence of sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale ≥ 10) and/or fatigue (Modified Fatigue Impact Scale ≥ 38) associated with an apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) ≤ 5 and a respiratory disturbance index (RDI) &gt; 5 events/hour of sleep, and/or flow limitation in more than 30% of total sleep time. All patients completed the Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), the Logical Memory Test, the Stroop Color Test, the Trail Making Test, the Digit Symbol Substitution Test and Inventory of Stress Symptoms (Lipp test). Cognition protocol was defined based on most used neuropsychological tests in the literature. Evaluations were performed before and after 1.5 years of treatment. Results There was no statistically significant difference in RAVLT, Logical Memory Test, Stroop Color Test, Trail Making Test, Digit Symbol Substitution Test before and after 1.5 year of treatment in both groups. The Lipp test score decreased at alarm phase (p = 0.05) and at resistance phase (p = 0.01) after 1.5 year of MAD treatment compared to placebo. Conclusion Mandibular advancement device was effective in decreasing stress symptoms in alarm and resistance phases of Lipp test in UARS patients after 1.5-years of MAD treatment. Support The authors would like to thank for the support by grants from Associação Fundo de Incentivo a Pesquisa (AFIP), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES).

scholarly journals Processing speed and the relationship between Trail Making Test-B performance, cortical thinning and white matter microstructure in older adults

Cortex ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. 92-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. MacPherson ◽  
Simon R. Cox ◽  
David A. Dickie ◽  
Sherif Karama ◽  
John M. Starr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Cortical Thinning ◽  
White Matter Microstructure ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Reversing cognitive-decline in older adults in an open-label clinical trial: novel mechanisms and the role of GlyNAC

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 857-857
Author(s):  
Chun Liu ◽  
Rajagopal Sekhar ◽  
Premranjan Kumar ◽  
Charles Minard ◽  
Shaji Chacko
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Symbol Substitution ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant

Abstract Age-associated cognitive-decline is an important risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease, but interventions are lacking. We conducted an open-label trial to test our hypotheses on whether: (1) compared to 8 healthy young adults (25y), 8 ‘healthy’ older adults (74y) have cognitive decline, decreased glucose availability for the brain due to mitochondrial dysfunction, elevated insulin-resistance, oxidative-stress and elevated inflammation; (2) supplementing glycine and N-acetylcysteine (GlyNAC) for 24-weeks corrects deficiency of the endogenous-antioxidant Glutathione and improves these defects, and thereby cognition; (3) stopping GlyNAC supplementation for 12-weeks results in a decline in accrued benefits. Outcome measures included cognitive testing (Montreal cognitive assessment; trail-making tests; verbal-fluency tests; digital-symbol substitution-test), mitochondrial fuel-oxidation, RBC-Glutathione concentrations, plasma oxidative-stress, insulin-resistance and inflammation, and tracer-studies to measure glucose metabolism. Results validated our hypotheses and showed that GlyNAC-supplementation corrected these defects and improved cognition. This trial suggests that supplementing GlyNAC may be important for improving/preventing age-associated cognitive-decline in older adults.

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