scholarly journals Education Differences in Older Adults' Performance on Online Assessments of Inductive Reasoning and Verbal Memory

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 711-711
Author(s):  
Grace Caskie ◽  
Abigail Voelkner
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Inductive Reasoning ◽  
Doctoral Degree ◽  
Graduate Level ◽  
Number Series ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Education Group ◽  
Associate's Degree

Abstract Paper-and-pencil measures of inductive reasoning and verbal memory administered in-person are well-established methods for measuring cognitive ability in adults. However, given recent increases in the use of online surveys, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic when in-person research with older adults became difficult, we investigated whether these cognitive measures could be administered effectively online and whether older adults’ performance on these measures of inductive reasoning and verbal memory might differ by education level. Data were collected online between mid-May and mid-June of 2020 from 292 individuals aged 66-90 years (M=69.1, SD=3.3). The sample was primarily White (91%) and had more women (62%) than men; 83 participants had a graduate-level education (master’s/doctoral degree), 101 had an associate’s or bachelor’s degree, and 108 had less than an associate’s degree. Three measures of inductive reasoning (Number Series, Letter Sets, and Word Series) and two measures of verbal memory (Immediate Recall and Delayed Recall of a list of 20 words) were completed by participants on an online platform. One-way MANOVA found a significant main effect for education group on the inductive reasoning measures (Wilks’ lambda=.93, p=.001). However, follow-up univariate ANOVAs indicated significant differences by education group only for Number Series, with Tukey post hoc tests showing that the graduate-level and college-degree groups performed significantly better than the group with less than an associate’s degree. Factorial repeated-measures ANOVA found a significant decline between immediate and delayed recall (p<.001) and that this difference varied by education group (p=.003). Implications of these findings will be discussed.

Abstract 22: Visit-to-Visit Variability in Blood Pressure is Related to Late-Life Cognitive Decline

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Qin ◽  
Anthony J Viera ◽  
Linda S Adair ◽  
Brenda L Plassman ◽  
Lloyd J Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Nutrition Survey

Introduction: Recent studies suggest higher visit-to-visit variability of blood pressure (BP) is associated with worse cognitive function, but evidence based on longitudinal cognitive testing has not been reported. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that higher visit-to-visit variability in BP, but not mean BP, would be associated with faster decline in cognitive function among community-dwelling older adults. Methods: This prospective cohort study comprised 1213 adults who had two or more waves of BP measurements as part of the China Health and Nutrition Survey from 1991, up to their first cognitive tests, and completed a cognitive screening test at two or more waves in 1997, 2000 or 2004. Mean (SD) age at first cognitive test was 64 (6) y. Outcomes were repeated measures of global cognitive scores (baseline mean ± SD: 19 ± 6 points), standardized composite cognitive and verbal memory scores (standardized units [SU]). Visit-to visit BP variability was expressed as the standard deviation [SD] or as the variation independent of mean (SD/mean^x, with x derived from curve fitting) in BP measures obtained at a mean interval of 3.6 years. Multivariable-adjusted linear mixed-effects models were used to determine the association of changes in cognitive scores with visit-to visit BP variability. Results: Higher visit-to-visit variability in systolic BP, but not mean systolic BP, was associated with a faster decline of cognitive function (adjusted mean difference [95% CI] for high vs. low tertile of SD in variability (Figure): global score -0.23 points/y [-0.41 to -0.04], composite scores -0.029 SU/y [-0.056 to -0.002] and verbal memory -0.044 SU/y [-0.075 to -0.012]). Higher visit-to-visit variability in diastolic BP was associated with a faster decline of global cognitive function only among adults 55-64 years, independent of mean diastolic BP. Conclusion: Higher long-term BP visit-to-visit variability predicted a faster rate of cognitive decline among older adults.

scholarly journals A-043 Preschool Children with Attention Deficit Have Weakness in Reproducing the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure in Delayed Recall Condition

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 833-833
Author(s):  
Kiselev S
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Recall Condition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Complex Figure ◽  
Figure Test

Abstract Objectives It was known that children with attention deficit (AD) have also weakness in working memory. In our previous research we have revealed that ADHD children have deficit in visual and verbal memory in delayed recall condition in comparison to immediate condition (Kiselev, 2018). The goal of this research was to examine the hypothesis that preschool children with AD have a deficit in reproducing the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure in delayed recall condition. Methods The experimental group included 13 children with AD at the age of 5-6 years. The control group included 13 typically developing children. The children from groups were matched for IQ, gender and age. Children from both groups were assessed with Rey–Osterrieth complex figure test (ROCF). This test is designed to assess reproducing the complex figure in immediate and delayed recall conditions. ANOVA with repeated measures was used to reveal group differences in reproducing the figure in two conditions. Results We have not revealed significant differences between children from experimental and control group in reproducing the figure in immediate condition. However, the interaction of condition type and group was significant (p < .05). Children with AD had weakness in the accurate reproduction and placement of specific design elements of Rey-Osterieth Complex Figure in Delayed Recall condition. Conclusions In view of our previously received results in children with attention deficit, we can propose that deficit in memory in delayed recall condition can be one of the key symptoms in this disorder.

Memory outcome following transsylvian selective amygdalohippocampectomy in 62 patients with hippocampal sclerosis

2009 ◽  
Vol 110 (6) ◽  
pp. 1164-1169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiharu Morino ◽  
Tsutomu Ichinose ◽  
Takehiro Uda ◽  
Kyoko Kondo ◽  
Satoko Ohfuji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Retention Test ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Hippocampal Sclerosis ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Nonverbal Memory ◽  
Selective Amygdalohippocampectomy ◽  
With Memory

Object It remains unclear whether selective amygdalohippocampectomy, an operative technique developed for use in epilepsy surgery to spare unaffected brain tissue and thus minimize the cognitive consequences of temporal lobe surgery, actually leads to a better memory outcome. The present study was performed to determine the effects of selective surgery on memory outcome in patients with intractable mesial temporal lobe epilepsy due to hippocampal sclerosis treated using transsylvian selective amygdalohippocampectomy (TSA). Methods The study population consisted of 62 patients with left hemisphere language dominance who underwent left-(31 patients) or right-sided (31 patients) TSA. All patients underwent comprehensive neuropsychological testing before and 1 month and 1 year after unilateral TSA. Verbal Memory I, Nonverbal Memory I, Total Memory, Attention, and Delayed Recall were assessed using the Wechsler Memory Scale–Revised, whereas Verbal Memory II was assessed using the Miyake Verbal Retention Test (MVRT), and Nonverbal Memory II was assessed using the Benton Visual Retention Test. Separate repeated-measures multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) were performed for these intervals with memory scores. Results The results of MANOVA indicated that patients who underwent right-sided TSA showed significant improvements in Verbal Memory I (preoperatively vs 1 month postoperatively, p < 0.0001; and preoperatively vs 1 year postoperatively, p = 0.0002), Nonverbal Memory I (preoperatively vs 1 month postoperatively, p = 0.0003; and preoperatively vs 1 year postoperatively, p = 0.006), and Delayed Recall (preoperatively vs 1 month postoperatively, p = 0.028) at both 1-month and 1-year follow-ups. In addition, Verbal Memory II (MVRT) was also significantly improved 1 year after surgery (p = 0.001). In the group of patients who underwent left-sided TSA, both Verbal Memory I and II were maintained at the same level 1 month after surgery, whereas the Verbal Memory I score 1 year after surgery increased with marginal significance (p = 0.074). In addition, Verbal Memory II showed significant improvement 1 year after surgery (p = 0.049). There were no significant changes in Nonverbal Memory I and II, Attention, or Delayed Recall at either the 1-month or 1-year follow-up. Conclusions Results of the present study indicated that left-sided TSA for hippocampal sclerosis tends to improve verbal memory function with the preservation of other types of memory function. Moreover, right-sided TSA for hippocampal sclerosis can lead to significant improvement in memory function, with memory improvement observed 1 month after right-sided TSA and persisting 1 year after surgery.

scholarly journals C-26 Neuro-Exergaming for Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Single Bout of Interactive Physical and Cognitive Exercise (iPACES v2.5)

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1055-1055
Author(s):  
A Puleio ◽  
K Wall ◽  
C Anderson-Hanley
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Word Recall ◽  
Single Bout ◽  
Cognitive Exercise ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) may be a precursor Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRDs). Identifying effective interventions to prevent or remediate cognitive decline is imperative given the increasing older population. Prior research has shown benefits to cognition of physical exercise, but only a fraction of older adults actually achieve recommended levels. Researchers have explored the use of potentially more motivating exergames and found benefits above and beyond physical exercise alone, perhaps due to synergistic effects of physical and mental engagement. The current study attempts to replicate and extend prior research by examining the impact on cognition of a single bout of a neuro-exergame in which older adults engaged interactive Physical and Cognitive Exercise (iPACES v2.5). Method The iPACES neuro-exergame (v2.5) involves pedaling an under-table elliptical while playing an iPad-based videogame, which simulates an everyday function of independent living: running errands and retracing one’s path home. Eighteen older adults (mean age = 68.4 years old) were assessed pre- and post-exercise with neuropsychological tests of executive function (Stroop and Trails) as well as verbal memory (ADAS Word Recall). Results A repeated measures ANOVA (controlling for age) indicated significantly greater benefit to verbal memory for MCI participants in contrast with normative older adults (p = .008; Figure 1). Conclusion Further research is needed to confirm this finding in a larger sample, but it is consistent with some prior research on single bouts of exercise benefiting cognition of MCI more than normative older adults. Follow-up trials are needed to examine long-term use, factors affecting outcomes, and underlying mechanisms.

053 REM Sleep Apnea Severity Contributes to Poor Verbal Memory in Cognitively Asymptomatic Older Adults

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A22-A22
Author(s):  
Kitty Lui ◽  
Kate Sprecher ◽  
Abhishek Dave ◽  
Margo Heston ◽  
Miranda Chappel-Farley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Memory Decline ◽  
Desaturation Index ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Introduction The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) rises with age, leading to increased dementia risk and memory decline. However, it remains unclear which OSA features drive this relationship. Here, we examine associations between verbal memory and multiple OSA features in healthy older adults. Methods 58 cognitively asymptomatic adults (61.4±6.3 years; 38 females) underwent polysomnography (PSG) and the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT; 0.2±0.5 years between assessments). OSA measures included apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), respiratory disturbance index (RDI), and desaturation index in both NREM and REM sleep. RAVLT measures included total learning (sum of trials 1–5), short-delayed recall, and long-delayed recall. Pearson correlations with FDR correction were calculated between OSA-related measures and RAVLT. Multiple regression was then used to adjust for OSA features in other sleep stages (i.e., REM versus NREM), age, sex, time between PSG and neuropsychological assessments, years of education, and APOE4 status. We also explored whether age moderated these relationships. Results REM RDI is negatively associated with RAVLT total learning (r=-0.31, p&lt;0.01 with age moderating the effect at 1SD above mean: B=-0.22, t(49)=-2.88, p=0.01) and RAVLT long-delayed recall (r=-0.36, p&lt;0.001; with age moderating the effect at mean: B=-0.05, t(49)=-2.38, p=0.02; and moderating at 1SD above mean: B=-0.09, t(49)=-3.91, p&lt;0.01). REM desaturation index was also associated with RAVLT total learning (r=-0.21, p&lt;0.01) and RAVLT long-delayed recall (r=-0.34, p&lt;0.01). REM AHI was negatively correlated to RAVLT long-delayed recall (r=-0.34, p&lt;0.01; with age significantly moderating the effect at the mean: B=-0.06, t(49)=-2.87, p=0.01; and moderating at 1SD above the mean: B=-0.11, t(49)=-4.23, p&lt;0.01). Of note, NREM OSA features were not significantly correlated to RAVLT measures when REM OSA features were included in the model. Conclusion These findings demonstrate that REM OSA features in particular contribute to poor verbal memory encoding and retrieval, especially at older ages. Verbal memory decline has been predictive of conversion to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Future studies including brain imaging, AD biomarkers, REM sleep oscillations, and comprehensive neuropsychological testing may elucidate the underlying mechanisms linking REM OSA features to memory decline and dementia risk. Support (if any) This research was supported by R56 AG052698 and P50AG033514.

Effects of Aging on the Subcortical Encoding of Stop Consonants

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-403
Author(s):  
Dania Rishiq ◽  
Ashley Harkrider ◽  
Cary Springer ◽  
Mark Hedrick
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Auditory Brainstem Responses ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Formant Frequency ◽  
Place Of Articulation ◽  
Second Formant ◽  
Effects Of Aging

Purpose The main purpose of this study was to evaluate aging effects on the predominantly subcortical (brainstem) encoding of the second-formant frequency transition, an essential acoustic cue for perceiving place of articulation. Method Synthetic consonant–vowel syllables varying in second-formant onset frequency (i.e., /ba/, /da/, and /ga/ stimuli) were used to elicit speech-evoked auditory brainstem responses (speech-ABRs) in 16 young adults ( M age = 21 years) and 11 older adults ( M age = 59 years). Repeated-measures mixed-model analyses of variance were performed on the latencies and amplitudes of the speech-ABR peaks. Fixed factors were phoneme (repeated measures on three levels: /b/ vs. /d/ vs. /g/) and age (two levels: young vs. older). Results Speech-ABR differences were observed between the two groups (young vs. older adults). Specifically, older listeners showed generalized amplitude reductions for onset and major peaks. Significant Phoneme × Group interactions were not observed. Conclusions Results showed aging effects in speech-ABR amplitudes that may reflect diminished subcortical encoding of consonants in older listeners. These aging effects were not phoneme dependent as observed using the statistical methods of this study.

Hearing loss and verbal memory assessment among older adults.

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina G. Wong ◽  
Lisa J. Rapport ◽  
Brooke A. Billings ◽  
Virginia Ramachandran ◽  
Brad A. Stach
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Memory Assessment

Effectiveness of a Care Delivery Model for High-Need Older Adults in Communities

2020 ◽  
pp. 104973152098235
Author(s):  
Kuei-Min Chen ◽  
Hui-Fen Hsu ◽  
Li-Yen Yang ◽  
Chiang-Ching Chang ◽  
Yu-Ming Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Delivery Model ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Care Delivery Model

Purpose: This study aimed to test the effectiveness of High-Need Community-Dwelling Older Adults Care Delivery Model (HCOACDM) in Taiwan. Methods: A cluster randomized controlled trial with repeated measures design was conducted in eight community care centers, involving 145 high-need older adults who were assigned to the intervention group or comparison group. The HCOACDM was provided over 6 months. Functional ability, quality of life, depressive symptoms, and health care and social service utilizations were measured at baseline, at 3 months, and 6 months into the intervention. The participants’ satisfaction was measured at the end of 6-month intervention. Results: Positive effects were shown on all variables in the intervention group at both the 3-month and 6-month intervals (all p < .05). The intervention group had a higher satisfaction with care delivery than the comparison group ( p < .05). Discussion: The promising findings supported a long-term implementation of the HCOACDM as applicable and beneficial.

scholarly journals Changing Educational Gradients in Life Expectancy With and Without Disease Among U.S. Older Adults From 2000 to 2010

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 505-505
Author(s):  
Matthew Farina ◽  
Phillip Cantu ◽  
Mark Hayward
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Healthy Life Expectancy ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Education Group ◽  
Education Groups

Abstract Recent research has documented increasing education inequality in life expectancy among U.S. adults; however, much is unknown about other health status changes. The objective of study is to assess how healthy and unhealthy life expectancies, as classified by common chronic diseases, has changed for older adults across education groups. Data come from the Health and Retirement Study and National Vital Statistics. We created prevalence-based life tables using the Sullivan method to assess sex-specific life expectancies for stroke, heart disease, cancer, and arthritis by education group. In general, unhealthy life expectancy increased with each condition across education groups. However, the increases in unhealthy life expectancy varied greatly. While stroke increased by half a year across education groups, life expectancy with diabetes increased by 3 to 4 years. In contrast, the evidence for healthy life expectancy provides mixed results. Across chronic diseases, healthy life expectancy decreased by 1 to 3 years for respondents without a 4-year degree. Conversely, healthy life expectancy increased for the college educated by .5 to 3 years. While previous research shows increases in life expectancy for the most educated, trends in life expectancy with chronic conditions is less positive: not all additional years are in lived in good health. In addition to documenting life expectancy changes across education groups, research assessing health of older adults should consider the changing inequality across a variety of health conditions, which will have broad implications for population aging and policy intervention.

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