TASK-SPECIFIC METACOGNITIVE ACCURACY DECLINES ACROSS THE DEMENTIA-ALZHEIMER’S TYPE SPECTRUM

Abstract Subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs) remain part of the diagnostic criteria for amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), the prodromal stage of dementia - Alzheimer’s type (DAT), despite weak relationships between self-reported and objectively-measured functioning. Most metacognitive measures focus on ratings of global retrospective memory rating only; greater subtlety in measurement of SCCs is required. Similarly, it is critical to identify the disease stage at which the clinical utility of SCCs is nullified by impaired insight. This study aims to evaluate group differences in (a) task-specific metacognitive ratings, and (b) the accuracy of these ratings in individuals diagnosed as cognitively intact (CI), with aMCI, or with DAT. 99 older adults (M-age = 69.43, SD-age = 6.98; M-edu = 15.54, SD-edu = 2.47; CI: n = 50, aMCI: n = 34, DAT: n = 15) enrolled in the University of Michigan Memory and Aging Project rated their performance on the Object Location Touchscreen Task (OLTT), an ecologically valid memory measure. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that individuals with aMCI-multiple domain or DAT rated their memory performance similarly to CI individuals, though the aMCI-single domain group rated themselves as more impaired. Bivariate Pearson’s r correlations demonstrated a decline in the strength of the relationship between task-specific metacognitive ratings and actual OLTT memory performance with increasing diagnostic severity. These findings suggest a decline in insight on task-specific memory ratings across the DAT spectrum, and call into question the use of self-reported SCCs as a diagnostic tool in later stages of disease progression.

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Novel Assessments of Technical and Nontechnical Cardiac Surgery Quality: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.22536 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Donald Likosky ◽

Steven J Yule ◽

Michael R Mathis ◽

Roger D Dias ◽

Jason J Corso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adverse Events ◽

Technical Skills ◽

Assessment Tools ◽

Complication Rates ◽

University Of Michigan ◽

Electronic Health Record Data ◽

Institutional Review ◽

Computer Based ◽

The University ◽

The Relationship

BACKGROUND Of the 150,000 patients annually undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting, 35% develop complications that increase mortality 5 fold and expenditure by 50%. Differences in patient risk and operative approach explain only 2% of hospital variations in some complications. The intraoperative phase remains understudied as a source of variation, despite its complexity and amenability to improvement. OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study are to (1) investigate the relationship between peer assessments of intraoperative technical skills and nontechnical practices with risk-adjusted complication rates and (2) evaluate the feasibility of using computer-based metrics to automate the assessment of important intraoperative technical skills and nontechnical practices. METHODS This multicenter study will use video recording, established peer assessment tools, electronic health record data, registry data, and a high-dimensional computer vision approach to (1) investigate the relationship between peer assessments of surgeon technical skills and variability in risk-adjusted patient adverse events; (2) investigate the relationship between peer assessments of intraoperative team-based nontechnical practices and variability in risk-adjusted patient adverse events; and (3) use quantitative and qualitative methods to explore the feasibility of using objective, data-driven, computer-based assessments to automate the measurement of important intraoperative determinants of risk-adjusted patient adverse events. RESULTS The project has been funded by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute in 2019 (R01HL146619). Preliminary Institutional Review Board review has been completed at the University of Michigan by the Institutional Review Boards of the University of Michigan Medical School. CONCLUSIONS We anticipate that this project will substantially increase our ability to assess determinants of variation in complication rates by specifically studying a surgeon’s technical skills and operating room team member nontechnical practices. These findings may provide effective targets for future trials or quality improvement initiatives to enhance the quality and safety of cardiac surgical patient care. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT PRR1-10.2196/22536

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Effects of decoupling on spectra of seismic waves

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America ◽

10.1785/bssa0520010123 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

pp. 123-131

Author(s):

D. E. Willis ◽

James T. Wilson

Keyword(s):

Seismic Waves ◽

High Explosive ◽

Atomic Energy Commission ◽

University Of Michigan ◽

Frequency Spectra ◽

Spherical Cavities ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The University ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Abstract A series of controlled high explosive shots were conducted by the Atomic Energy Commission in a salt mine near Winnfield, Louisiana, to investigate seismic decoupling theories. Two recording stations were used by the University of Michigan at various distances between 1.1 and 14.7 kilometers for a majority of these shots. Frequency analyses of the magnetic tape recordings were made and the results are presented showing the relationship of the frequency spectra as a function of charge size, distance from the source, and coupled vs decoupled shots. The smaller decoupled shots detonated in the large spherical cavities were observed to have somewhat higher predominate frequencies than the equivalent size coupled shots. A change in cavity size produced no significant difference in the shape of the spectra of the large decoupled shots.

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Abstract 14101: A Correction Score for Comparison of Aortic Calcification in Post-contrast and Non-contrast Measurements From Computed Tomography Scans

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.142.suppl_3.14101 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

Steven R Horbal ◽

Edward Brown ◽

Brian A Derstine ◽

Peng Zhang ◽

Andrea H Rossman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pearson Correlation ◽

Aortic Calcification ◽

University Of Michigan ◽

Variance Inflation Factor ◽

Post Contrast ◽

Abdominal Aortic ◽

Pixel Value ◽

Inflation Factor ◽

The University ◽

The Relationship

Introduction: Aortic calcification can be utilized to assess cardiovascular risk. While contrast is useful for vascular enhancement in diagnostic imaging, enhancement creates heterogeneity between post and non-contrast scans and limits their direct comparability. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that post and non-contrast aortic calcification measures will correlate, and a correction score can be developed for statistical comparability. Methods: Retrospective CT-scans were obtained from the University of Michigan. Participants (N=330) received abdominal scans with and without contrast enhancement within 120 calendar days. Analytic Morphomics was used to obtain vertebral-indexed measurements of aortic calcium area, and aortic wall obfuscation percentage. Calcification was specifically identified as regions with a given morphology and pixel value five standard deviations above the defined central lumen zone. Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression were used to explain the relationship between aortic measurements with and without contrast. Regressions include calcification percent (Model 1), and area (Model 2). Independent variables were non-contrast measurements and dependent variables were contrast measurements, age, and sex. Results: Correlations of calcification percent ranged from 0.86 at T11 and 0.94 and L2. Correlations of calcification area ranged from 0.66 at T12 to 0.84 at L3. In Model 1, for every percent increase in post-contrast calcification, non-contrast calcification percent increased by 11% (β=1.11, p <0.001, R2=0.85). In Model 2, for every mm2 increase in post-contrast calcification area, non-contrast calcification area increased by 0.45 mm2 (β=1.45, p <0.001, R2=0.69). Variance inflation factor for Model 1 was 1.08 and 1.07 for Model 2. Conclusion: In conclusion, this research proposes a correction score for comparisons of abdominal aortic calcification measurements in post-contrast and non-contrast scans.

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Patterns of alcohol consumption and psychiatric disorders among Ontario adults

Contemporary Drug Problems ◽

10.1177/009145099702400306 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 533-556 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Helen Ross ◽

Jürgen Rehm ◽

Gordon Walsh

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Problem Drinking ◽

Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

University Of Michigan ◽

And Gender ◽

The University ◽

The Relationship

This study examined the relationship between patterns of alcohol consumption, including problem drinking, and psychiatric disorders in the general population. The paper utilizes data on 8,116 adults age 15–64 living in households who were interviewed for the Ontario Health Survey and the Mental Health Supplement. The University of Michigan Composite International Diagnostic Interview (UM-CIDI) was administered by trained lay interviewers to generate lifetime DSM-III-R diagnoses. Unlike previous studies, the results of this study provided no evidence of a U-shaped or J-shaped curve or relationship between alcohol use and mental health. Lifetime abstainers had the lowest risks for all mental disorders examined, while former at-risk drinkers (those who had not had a drink in the previous year but at one time regularly drank more than 12 drinks a week) had the highest risks, even after adjustment for age and gender.

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The War against Catholicism: Liberalism and the Anti-Catholic Imagination in Nineteenth-Century Germany. By Michael B. Gross. Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Press. 2004. Pp. 376. $70.00 (cloth); $24.95 (paper). ISBN 0-472-11383-6 (cloth); 0-472-03130-9 (paper).

Central European History ◽

10.1017/s000893890625012x ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 311-314

Author(s):

Siegfried Weichlein

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Religious Conflict ◽

University Of Michigan ◽

Ann Arbor ◽

And Gender ◽

The University ◽

The Relationship

In recent years, a growing literature on nationalism has highlighted cultural and gender topics. At the same time, religion, most prominently Catholicism, has attracted the intellectual energy of more and more scholars. To date, however, the relationship between nationalism and religion has been undervalued. Helmut Walser Smith's study German Nationalism and Religious Conflict was one of the first to relate religious conflict to the character of German nationalism. Michael B. Gross now analyzes the relationship between German liberalism and religion.

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Clinical applications of genetic sequencing in lymphoma: A retrospective review.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e23169 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. e23169-e23169

Author(s):

Maryann Shango ◽

Sumana Devata ◽

Ryan A. Wilcox ◽

Tycel Jovelle Phillips

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Standard Therapy ◽

Personalized Therapy ◽

Disease Stage ◽

Driver Mutations ◽

University Of Michigan ◽

Genetic Sequencing ◽

T Cell Lymphomas ◽

Mantle Cell ◽

The University

e23169 Background: Personalized therapy through the identification of targetable mutations within individual tumors has increasingly become a focus in the management of patients (pts) with relapsed/refractory malignancy. To better understand how this is clinically applied, we reviewed 29 cases of B- and T-cell lymphomas that had genetic sequencing of their tumor. Methods: The electronic medical records of 29 pts who underwent Michigan Oncology Sequencing (MI-ONCOSEQ) testing at the University of Michigan from 2013-2016 were reviewed for disease and treatment history. Reports from whole-genome tumor sequencing were obtained for each patient to identify putative molecular targets. Results: Sixteen male and 13 female pts had a median age of 59 years (range 30-80 years) and median disease stage of IV at diagnosis. Five had CTCL, 5 PTCL, 11 follicular, 1 CLL/ mantle cell (MC), 1 MC, 1 marginal zone, 1 Waldenstrom’s (WM) and 4 DLBCL. Pts received a median of 2 therapies prior to MI-ONCOSEQ biopsy. Targetable mutations were identified in 15 pts and a total of 5 pts underwent MI-ONCOSEQ-based treatments. Bosutinib was given for FYB-FGR fusion, imatinib for FLI1-PDGFRB fusion, and everolimus for activating mTOR mutation with an avg. treatment duration of 3.6 weeks due to progressive disease. Bosutinib and imatinib were 3rd line therapies and everolimus was 5th. Another 2 pts were treated with ibrutinib for transformed WM with MYD88 mutation and bortezomib after classification of DLBCL as ABC-type based on MI-ONCOSEQ results, with CR in both. Other targetable mutations identified include BRAF, CDK, BCL2, EZH2 and NOTCH. Of the remaining 12 pts with targetable mutations, 8 pursued clinical trials, 2 responded to standard therapy, 1 died shortly after genetic analysis and 1 declined further therapy. About 50% of these pts remain alive. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that targeted therapy is favored after standard therapy or clinical trial options are exhausted. Barriers to its use include the availability of clinical trials, off-label drug access and our incomplete knowledge of driver mutations. With further understanding of disease pathogenesis, we expect personalized therapy will be possible for all patients.

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‘The Wooden Heads of the People’: Arnold Daly and Bernard Shaw

New Theatre Quarterly ◽

10.1017/s0266464x06000297 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 54-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Leigh Woods

Keyword(s):

The Other ◽

University Of Michigan ◽

The People ◽

Theatre Studies ◽

The University ◽

Bernard Shaw ◽

Marked Points ◽

The Relationship

Once Arnold Daly and Bernard Shaw had got through their baptisms of fire in the transatlantic theatre of the 1890s, the circumstances for their future collaboration must have seemed propitious to them both. However, the Irish-American's inflexibility and the Anglo-Irishman's passion for control led to the fracturing of the relationship within the span of a few years in the first decade of the new century. The exposure of their work – in tandem in American vaudeville and later as competitors on the English variety stage – marked points of their disagreement and quirks in their difficult personalities as they scrambled for audiences who rarely appreciated them as much as both felt they deserved. Leigh Woods, Head of Theatre Studies at the University of Michigan, explores the breakdown of a partnership that launched one man on a course to oblivion and the other on a path to greater glory.

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Novel Assessments of Technical and Nontechnical Cardiac Surgery Quality: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study

JMIR Research Protocols ◽

10.2196/22536 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. e22536

Author(s):

Donald Likosky ◽

Steven J Yule ◽

Michael R Mathis ◽

Roger D Dias ◽

Jason J Corso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adverse Events ◽

Technical Skills ◽

Assessment Tools ◽

Complication Rates ◽

University Of Michigan ◽

Electronic Health Record Data ◽

Institutional Review ◽

Computer Based ◽

The University ◽

The Relationship

Background Of the 150,000 patients annually undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting, 35% develop complications that increase mortality 5 fold and expenditure by 50%. Differences in patient risk and operative approach explain only 2% of hospital variations in some complications. The intraoperative phase remains understudied as a source of variation, despite its complexity and amenability to improvement. Objective The objectives of this study are to (1) investigate the relationship between peer assessments of intraoperative technical skills and nontechnical practices with risk-adjusted complication rates and (2) evaluate the feasibility of using computer-based metrics to automate the assessment of important intraoperative technical skills and nontechnical practices. Methods This multicenter study will use video recording, established peer assessment tools, electronic health record data, registry data, and a high-dimensional computer vision approach to (1) investigate the relationship between peer assessments of surgeon technical skills and variability in risk-adjusted patient adverse events; (2) investigate the relationship between peer assessments of intraoperative team-based nontechnical practices and variability in risk-adjusted patient adverse events; and (3) use quantitative and qualitative methods to explore the feasibility of using objective, data-driven, computer-based assessments to automate the measurement of important intraoperative determinants of risk-adjusted patient adverse events. Results The project has been funded by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute in 2019 (R01HL146619). Preliminary Institutional Review Board review has been completed at the University of Michigan by the Institutional Review Boards of the University of Michigan Medical School. Conclusions We anticipate that this project will substantially increase our ability to assess determinants of variation in complication rates by specifically studying a surgeon’s technical skills and operating room team member nontechnical practices. These findings may provide effective targets for future trials or quality improvement initiatives to enhance the quality and safety of cardiac surgical patient care. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/22536

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A Use of the University of Michigan

The Instrumental University ◽

10.7591/cornell/9781501736643.003.0006 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 164-182

Author(s):

Ethan Schrum

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Development Economics ◽

Behavioral Science ◽

Peace Corps ◽

University Of Michigan ◽

University Of Chicago ◽

University Administrators ◽

Economics Department ◽

The University ◽

The Relationship

Chapter 5 examines how Samuel P. Hayes, Jr., an early Point Four official who later helped design the Peace Corps, tried to “use” the University of Michigan to establish a program of multidisciplinary organized research on economic development, the Center for Research on Economic Development (CRED). The resistance he encountered from university administrators and economics department colleagues suggests that traditional academic norms did not always yield completely to interdisciplinary organized research. Yet the establishment of CRED, which had parallels at the University of Chicago, Vanderbilt, and Yale, suggests the importance of economic development as a focus for organized research in the instrumental university. This chapter also provides an account of the new subfield of development economics and of the relationship between the economics discipline and the behavioral science paradigm.

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Following in Her Footsteps? Faculty Gender Composition and Women's Choices of College Majors

ILR Review ◽

10.1177/001979399504800308 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 486-504 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Brandice J. Canes ◽

Harvey S. Rosen

Keyword(s):

Gender Composition ◽

Educational Institutions ◽

University Of Michigan ◽

Female Representation ◽

Female Undergraduate ◽

College Majors ◽

Princeton University ◽

Undergraduate Enrollment ◽

The University ◽

The Relationship

Although it is widely supposed that a college's female undergraduate enrollment in the sciences and engineering can be increased by raising female representation on the faculties in those fields, that proposition has not been subjected to serious statistical analysis. The authors of this paper analyze panel data from three quite different educational institutions—Princeton University, the University of Michigan, and Whittier College—to examine the relationship between the gender composition of the students in an academic department and the gender composition of its faculty at the time the students were choosing their majors. They find no evidence that an increase in the share of women on a department's faculty led to an increase in its share of female majors.

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