A Use of the University of Michigan

2019 ◽  
pp. 164-182
Author(s):  
Ethan Schrum
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Development Economics ◽  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Peace Corps ◽  
University Of Michigan ◽  
University Of Chicago ◽  
University Administrators ◽  
Economics Department ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

Chapter 5 examines how Samuel P. Hayes, Jr., an early Point Four official who later helped design the Peace Corps, tried to “use” the University of Michigan to establish a program of multidisciplinary organized research on economic development, the Center for Research on Economic Development (CRED). The resistance he encountered from university administrators and economics department colleagues suggests that traditional academic norms did not always yield completely to interdisciplinary organized research. Yet the establishment of CRED, which had parallels at the University of Chicago, Vanderbilt, and Yale, suggests the importance of economic development as a focus for organized research in the instrumental university. This chapter also provides an account of the new subfield of development economics and of the relationship between the economics discipline and the behavioral science paradigm.

An Investigation of Faculty Members' Engagement in Saudi Arabia

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-136
Author(s):  
Eman I AHMED
Keyword(s):  
Employee Engagement ◽  
Faculty Perceptions ◽  
Cognitive Engagement ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
University Administrators ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

Faculty engagement has been proved to be a critical driver of the universities’ efficiency and effectiveness. The first step towards building an engaged workforce is to get a measure of faculty perceptions of their engagement level to their universities. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the faculty members' engagement in the Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University. It examines the relationship between the faculty professional variablesand their level of engagement to their institutions. William Kahn's (1990) three-component model of employee engagement was partially adapted as a framework to measure the faculty members' engagement. A questionnaire was used to better address the objective of this study. The data were obtained from the Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (Dammam University) through an internet-based survey. The validity and the reliability of the questionnaire has been evaluated and reported. Results of the analyses show that cognitive engagement is reported to be higher than both the emotional and physical engagement, with a mean rating of 4.040 and a standard deviation of .487, based on the five-point scale. Given the engagement level of the faculty members in this study, the university administrators should develop policies, and strategies that encourage and support engagement among faculty members at the University in order to maximize their engagement. Policy makers must also take into consideration the needs of the faculty members

scholarly journals Novel Assessments of Technical and Nontechnical Cardiac Surgery Quality: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Likosky ◽  
Steven J Yule ◽  
Michael R Mathis ◽  
Roger D Dias ◽  
Jason J Corso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Technical Skills ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
University Of Michigan ◽  
Electronic Health Record Data ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

BACKGROUND Of the 150,000 patients annually undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting, 35% develop complications that increase mortality 5 fold and expenditure by 50%. Differences in patient risk and operative approach explain only 2% of hospital variations in some complications. The intraoperative phase remains understudied as a source of variation, despite its complexity and amenability to improvement. OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study are to (1) investigate the relationship between peer assessments of intraoperative technical skills and nontechnical practices with risk-adjusted complication rates and (2) evaluate the feasibility of using computer-based metrics to automate the assessment of important intraoperative technical skills and nontechnical practices. METHODS This multicenter study will use video recording, established peer assessment tools, electronic health record data, registry data, and a high-dimensional computer vision approach to (1) investigate the relationship between peer assessments of surgeon technical skills and variability in risk-adjusted patient adverse events; (2) investigate the relationship between peer assessments of intraoperative team-based nontechnical practices and variability in risk-adjusted patient adverse events; and (3) use quantitative and qualitative methods to explore the feasibility of using objective, data-driven, computer-based assessments to automate the measurement of important intraoperative determinants of risk-adjusted patient adverse events. RESULTS The project has been funded by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute in 2019 (R01HL146619). Preliminary Institutional Review Board review has been completed at the University of Michigan by the Institutional Review Boards of the University of Michigan Medical School. CONCLUSIONS We anticipate that this project will substantially increase our ability to assess determinants of variation in complication rates by specifically studying a surgeon’s technical skills and operating room team member nontechnical practices. These findings may provide effective targets for future trials or quality improvement initiatives to enhance the quality and safety of cardiac surgical patient care. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT PRR1-10.2196/22536

Effects of decoupling on spectra of seismic waves

1962 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
D. E. Willis ◽  
James T. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Waves ◽  
High Explosive ◽  
Atomic Energy Commission ◽  
University Of Michigan ◽  
Frequency Spectra ◽  
Spherical Cavities ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The University ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract A series of controlled high explosive shots were conducted by the Atomic Energy Commission in a salt mine near Winnfield, Louisiana, to investigate seismic decoupling theories. Two recording stations were used by the University of Michigan at various distances between 1.1 and 14.7 kilometers for a majority of these shots. Frequency analyses of the magnetic tape recordings were made and the results are presented showing the relationship of the frequency spectra as a function of charge size, distance from the source, and coupled vs decoupled shots. The smaller decoupled shots detonated in the large spherical cavities were observed to have somewhat higher predominate frequencies than the equivalent size coupled shots. A change in cavity size produced no significant difference in the shape of the spectra of the large decoupled shots.

Abstract 14101: A Correction Score for Comparison of Aortic Calcification in Post-contrast and Non-contrast Measurements From Computed Tomography Scans

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven R Horbal ◽  
Edward Brown ◽  
Brian A Derstine ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Andrea H Rossman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Aortic Calcification ◽  
University Of Michigan ◽  
Variance Inflation Factor ◽  
Post Contrast ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
Pixel Value ◽  
Inflation Factor ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Aortic calcification can be utilized to assess cardiovascular risk. While contrast is useful for vascular enhancement in diagnostic imaging, enhancement creates heterogeneity between post and non-contrast scans and limits their direct comparability. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that post and non-contrast aortic calcification measures will correlate, and a correction score can be developed for statistical comparability. Methods: Retrospective CT-scans were obtained from the University of Michigan. Participants (N=330) received abdominal scans with and without contrast enhancement within 120 calendar days. Analytic Morphomics was used to obtain vertebral-indexed measurements of aortic calcium area, and aortic wall obfuscation percentage. Calcification was specifically identified as regions with a given morphology and pixel value five standard deviations above the defined central lumen zone. Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression were used to explain the relationship between aortic measurements with and without contrast. Regressions include calcification percent (Model 1), and area (Model 2). Independent variables were non-contrast measurements and dependent variables were contrast measurements, age, and sex. Results: Correlations of calcification percent ranged from 0.86 at T11 and 0.94 and L2. Correlations of calcification area ranged from 0.66 at T12 to 0.84 at L3. In Model 1, for every percent increase in post-contrast calcification, non-contrast calcification percent increased by 11% (β=1.11, p <0.001, R2=0.85). In Model 2, for every mm2 increase in post-contrast calcification area, non-contrast calcification area increased by 0.45 mm2 (β=1.45, p <0.001, R2=0.69). Variance inflation factor for Model 1 was 1.08 and 1.07 for Model 2. Conclusion: In conclusion, this research proposes a correction score for comparisons of abdominal aortic calcification measurements in post-contrast and non-contrast scans.

Patterns of alcohol consumption and psychiatric disorders among Ontario adults

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Ross ◽  
Jürgen Rehm ◽  
Gordon Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Problem Drinking ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
University Of Michigan ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the relationship between patterns of alcohol consumption, including problem drinking, and psychiatric disorders in the general population. The paper utilizes data on 8,116 adults age 15–64 living in households who were interviewed for the Ontario Health Survey and the Mental Health Supplement. The University of Michigan Composite International Diagnostic Interview (UM-CIDI) was administered by trained lay interviewers to generate lifetime DSM-III-R diagnoses. Unlike previous studies, the results of this study provided no evidence of a U-shaped or J-shaped curve or relationship between alcohol use and mental health. Lifetime abstainers had the lowest risks for all mental disorders examined, while former at-risk drinkers (those who had not had a drink in the previous year but at one time regularly drank more than 12 drinks a week) had the highest risks, even after adjustment for age and gender.

People and Projects

1951 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-40
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Research Center ◽  
University Of Chicago ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
The World ◽  
The University ◽  
Widespread Interest ◽  
Deliberate Effort

The recent widespread interest in problems of economic development, particularly in areas of the world now marked off as "underdeveloped," has emphasized the necessity for further examining the relations between economic and cultural change. The present unorganized body of knowledge dealing with these problems seems to call for a deliberate effort at synthesis in order to arrive at general principles upon which policy and further study can be based. The Research Center in Economic Development and Cultural Change at the University of Chicago was established in an attempt to meet this need.

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