scholarly journals CHRONIC DISEASE AND TERMINAL DECLINE IN VERY OLD MEN: THE MANITOBA FOLLOW-UP STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S133-S134
Author(s):  
Robert B Tate ◽  
Philip St John ◽  
Audrey Swift ◽  
Edward H Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Slow Decline ◽  
Old Men ◽  
Medical Examinations ◽  
Royal Canadian Air Force ◽  
Second World

Abstract The Manitoba Follow-up Study is in its 71st year of continuous operation. Since 1948, 3,983 aircrew recruits to the Royal Canadian Air Force during the Second World War have submitted routine medical examinations and completed questionnaires. On May 1, 2006, 1001 of these men (25%) were alive mean age of 86 years. The effects of 7 chronic diseases (CDs) diagnosed before 2006 were modeled with multinomial logistic regression to predict the pattern of decline of living and dying through an 11 year window to 2017. By 2017, 11% were still alive, 10% died very early in the window, 44% experienced a slow decline of a least three years to death, 17% experienced a step decline to death, and 18% experienced a terminal drop, death within six months of decline in functioning. Only 30% were free of CD in 2006; 36% had 1 CD, and 34% had more than 1 CD. As the number of CDs increased, the probability of remaining alive by 2017 decreased: 18% alive if no CD, 10% if 1 CD, 8% if 2 CDs, and 3% of >2 CDs. The chance of death with a terminal drop decreased: 22% if no CD, 20% if 1 CD, 14% if 2 CD, 11% if >2 CD. Conversely, the percent with a gradual decline to death increased with more CDs. Among old men are already in their 80s, a key determinant of the trajectory to end of life is the number of CDs.

scholarly journals Joanna McClelland Glass’ Mrs. Dexter and Her Daily and the Inter-play among Age, Gender and Class

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Núria Casado-Gual
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Cultural Representations ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
World War ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Old Men ◽  
Second World

Following the so-called revolution of longevity, which was initiated after the Second World War, and as a result of recent scientific and social changes, multidisciplinary studies of old age, aging and ageism have increasingly been regarded as a necessity in our contemporary developed -and aged- societies. Consequently, and together with gender, class and ethnicity, age has become a prominent social and cultural marker which is explored by different discourses both as an ever-changing site of identity, and as a potential source of social discrimination. Cultural representations of aging have changed throughout the last decades in order to accommodate the increasingly plural realities whereby old age can be recognized and categorized, thereby contributing to the transformation of ‘age’ as a construct and identity marker. Out of the various artistic and communicative channels whereby old age is constantly re-presented, the theater stands out as an especially enlightening medium through which the constructedness of aging and ensuing stereotypical visions of old men and women can be explored. This paper will analyze the re-presentation of aging and its intersections with the politics of gender and class in Joanna McClelland Glass’ Mrs Dexter and Her Daily (2010). As a naturalistic two-hander which constructs its protagonists through realistic psychological portraits, the last play that this Canadian-American playwright has published to date presents two female characters in their mid-sixties whose old age is not only submitted to “the double standard” through which women’s aging is measured, to borrow from Susan Sontag’s words, but also conditioned by their diverse social positions and distinctive fictional biographies. Using theater semiotics and the latest theories of cultural gerontology as the two main methodological frameworks for this particular case study, this paper hopes to demonstrate that the theater continues to be an invaluable source of inquiry with regard to significant aspects of human life. At the same time, it intends to highlight the centrality of the experience of aging in its interconnection with other identity markers such as gender and class, as well as in the discourses that are derived from them.

scholarly journals Socially connected and COVID-19 prepared: The influence of sociorelational safety on perceived importance of COVID-19 precautions and trust in government responses

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica M. Lamarche
Keyword(s):  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Social Worlds ◽  
World War ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Perceived Importance ◽  
The Government ◽  
Second World

COVID-19 caused unprecedented social disruption the likes of which many people had not seen since the Second World War. In order to stop the spread of the virus, most nations were required to enforce strict social distancing precautions, including orders to shelter in place and national lockdowns. However, worries over whether citizens would become fatigued by precautions that constrain personal liberties made some governments hesitant to enact lockdown and social distancing measures early on in the pandemic. When people feel that their social worlds are responsive to their needs, they become more trusting and more willing to sacrifice on behalf of others. Thus, people may view COVID-19 precautions more positively and be more trusting in government responses to such an event if they are inclined to see their sociorelational world as supporting their connectedness needs. In the current study (N = 300), UK residents who were more satisfied that their close others fulfilled their connectedness needs at the start of the government-mandated lockdown, perceived COVID-19 precautions as more important and more effective than those who were relatively dissatisfied in how their connectedness needs were being met, and reported greater trust in the government’s management of the pandemic. These effects persisted in a follow-up one month later. Implications for how society and governments can benefit from the investment in social connectedness and satisfaction, and future directions are discussed.

Gender and the Second World War

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinna Peniston-Bird ◽  
Emma Vickers
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Second World

Kapitalistische Krisen mit und ohne systemischer Herausforderung.

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (185) ◽  
pp. 543-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingo Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
World Market ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Deep Penetration ◽  
World War ◽  
Major Overhaul ◽  
Domestic Markets ◽  
Global Restructuring ◽  
Social Divisions ◽  
Class Power ◽  
Second World

This article draws on Marxist theories of crises, imperialism, and class formation to identify commonalities and differences between the stagnation of the 1930s and today. Its key argument is that the anti-systemic movements that existed in the 1930s and gained ground after the Second World War pushed capitalists to turn from imperialist expansion and rivalry to the deep penetration of domestic markets. By doing so they unleashed strong economic growth that allowed for social compromise without hurting profits. Yet, once labour and other social movements threatened to shift the balance of class power into their favor, capitalist counter-reform began. In its course, global restructuring, and notably the integration of Russia and China into the world market, created space for accumulation. The cause for the current stagnation is that this space has been used up. In the absence of systemic challenges capitalists have little reason to seek a major overhaul of their accumulation strategies that could help to overcome stagnation. Instead they prop up profits at the expense of the subaltern classes even if this prolongs stagnation and leads to sharper social divisions.

Zabiegi likwidujące skutki obrzezania wykonywane w Warszawie w czasie drugiej wojny światowej. Wstępna próba opisu zjawiska

2017 ◽  
pp. 437-446
Author(s):  
Maria Ciesielska
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Tissue Preparation ◽  
World War ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Reconstruction Surgery ◽  
Repair Operation ◽  
Manual Treatment ◽  
Operating Technique ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Second World

Men’s circumcision is in many countries considered as a hygienic-cosmetic or aesthetic treatment. However, it still remains in close connection with religious rites (Judaism, Islam) and is still practiced all over the world. During the Second World War the visible effects of circumcision became an indisputable evidence of being a Jew and were often used especially by the so-called szmalcownicy (blackmailers). Fear of the possibility of discovering as non-Aryan prompted many Jews hiding on the so-called Aryan side of Warsaw to seek medical practitioners who would restore the condition as it was before the circumcision. The reconstruction surgery was called in surgical jargon “knife baptizing”. Almost all of the procedures were performed by Aryan doctors although four cases of hiding Jewish doctors participating in such procedures are known. Surgical technique consisted of the surgical formation of a new foreskin after tissue preparation and stretching it by manual treatment. The success of the repair operation depended on the patient’s cooperation with the doctor, the worst result was in children. The physicians described in the article and the operating technique are probably only a fragment of a broader activity, described meticulously by only one of the doctors – Dr. Janusz Skórski. This work is an attempt to describe the phenomenon based on the very scanty source material, but it seems to be the first such attempt for several decades.

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