4. Negligence III: Causation and Remoteness of Damage
Each Concentrate revision guide is packed with essential information, key cases, revision tips, exam Q&As, and more. Concentrates show you what to expect in a law exam, what examiners are looking for, and how to achieve extra marks. This chapter discusses negligence in terms of causation and remoteness of damage. To answer questions on this topic, students need to understand the following: the concept of causation in negligence; causation in fact: the standard ‘but-for’ test; variations of the ‘but-for’ test: unknown causes, consecutive causes, and cumulative causes; causation in law: the test for ‘remoteness of damage’; the ‘eggshell-skull’ rule; and novus actus interveniens (new intervening acts): the act of the claimant, the act of third parties, and natural events.