24. Flat Ownership: Long Leases and Commonhold

2021 ◽  
pp. 940-964
Author(s):  
Ben McFarlane ◽  
Nicholas Hopkins ◽  
Sarah Nield

All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing able students with a stand-alone resource. This chapter addresses the far-reaching issues of ensuring the effective and efficient management of flats. Flat ownership is obtained by granting the flat owner a long lease of his or her flat, with the freehold reversion being held either by an independent landlord or by a company owned collectively by the flat owners. The Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 has introduced commonhold to offer a new framework for flat ownership, but, in many cases, it holds few advantages over the long lease where the reversion is collectively owned by the flat lessees through a corporate vehicle.

Land Law ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben McFarlane ◽  
Nicholas Hopkins ◽  
Sarah Nield

All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing able students with a stand-alone resource. This chapter addresses the far-reaching issues of ensuring the effective and efficient management of flats. Flat ownership is obtained by granting the flat owner a long lease of his or her flat, with the freehold reversion being held either by an independent landlord or by a company owned collectively by the flat owners. The Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 has introduced commonhold to offer a new framework for flat ownership but in many cases it holds few advantages over the long lease where the reversion is collectively owned by the flat lessees through a corporate vehicle.


Author(s):  
Ben McFarlane ◽  
Nicholas Hopkins ◽  
Sarah Nield

All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing able students with a stand-alone resource. This chapter addresses the more far-reaching issues of ensuring the effective and efficient management of flats. Flat ownership is obtained by granting the flat owner a long lease of his or her flat, with the freehold reversion being held either by an independent landlord or by a company owned collectively by the flat owners. The Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 has introduced commonhold to offer a new framework for flat ownership but in many cases it holds few advantages over the long lease where the reversion is collectively owned by the flat lessees thorugh a corporate vehicle.


Author(s):  
Leslie Kosmin ◽  
Catherine Roberts

Effective communication by a company with a wide range of persons including its members, employees, bond-holders, debenture-holders and other stakeholders is of fundamental importance to the efficient management of a company. Equally, the ability of shareholders and others to be able to send communications to a company in an orderly and timely manner is a matter of importance. Until recent times the companies legislation has always required documents, notices and other corporate literature such as reports and accounts to be sent by post or delivered to members in what in modern terminology is called ‘hard copy form’. A company’s articles of association, including the 1985 Table A, usually contain detailed provisions dealing with the service of such notices and documentation. However, electronic communication has become the preferred method for many shareholders to receive documents and communications from companies. In recent years, even before the enactment of CA 2006, a large number of public quoted companies with many thousands of members have taken active steps to encourage as many shareholders as possible to elect to receive their documentation in this way rather than in paper format through the postal system substantially for reasons of cost-saving.


Ciencia Unemi ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juanita García Aguilar ◽  
Sandra Galarza Torres ◽  
Aníbal Altamirano Salazar

En este trabajo se analiza la importancia de una eficiente administración del capital de trabajo, como estrategia para lograr la operatividad de las Pymes y su permanencia en el tiempo. El capital de trabajo es el efectivo mínimo que toda empresa necesita para ejecutar con normalidad sus actividades operativas. Una gestión adecuada del mismo, permite contar con liquidez necesaria para cubrir las obligaciones de corto plazo, como resultado de la eficiente aplicación del ciclo de conversión del efectivo. Para esto, se aplicó una metodología de análisis documental tomando como referencia fuentes secundarias de investigación, tales como libros y artículos científicos. A partir de lo anterior, se analizó los fundamentos teóricos del capital de trabajo, sus métodos de cálculo y una revisión de investigaciones sobre la administración del capital de trabajo en Pymes latinoamericanas. Como resultado se determinó que el capital de trabajo es una herramienta financiera a la que todo administrador debe prestarle atención y dedicarle tiempo, debido a que determina la supervivencia de una empresa durante los primeros años de su existencia. Por otro lado, existen algunos métodos de cálculo para estimar el capital de trabajo, cada uno tiene sus características esenciales y su aplicación, dependen de la actividad a la que se dedique la entidad. ABSTRACTThis paper aims to analyze the importance of an efficient administration of working capital, as a strategy to achieve the operation of SMEs and their permanence in time. Working capital is the minimum cash that every company needs to execute its operating activities normally. Proper management of the asset enables to have the necessary liquidity to cover short-term obligations, as a result of the efficient application of the cash conversion cycle. For this, a methodology of documentary analysis was applied taking as reference secondary research sources, such as books and scientific papers. Based on the above, the theoretical foundations of working capital, their methods of calculation and a review of research on the management of working capital in Latin American SMEs were analyzed. As a result, it was determined that working capital is a financial tool that every manager must pay attention and spend time, because it determines the survival of a company in the early years of its existence. On the other hand, there are some calculation methods to estimate working capital, each has its essential characteristics and its application depends on the activity to which the organization is committed.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
Bojan Krstić ◽  
Jovana Milenović ◽  
Tamara Rađenović

Numerous environmental problems and stakeholder pressures have led companies to accept responsibility for the environmental consequences of doing business. Measuring the environmental performances of companies is gaining in importance and is becoming the subject of analysis in scientific papers and academic circles. Environmental performance indicators enable companies to systematically review and obtain information on the environmental aspect of a company business. If companies take care of the living and working environment, they can increase the motivation of employees and thus increase labor productivity. The aim of this paper is to point out the role and importance of environmental performances of companies, the way they are measured and managed.


Author(s):  
Iluta Arbidane

<p class="R-AbstractKeywords">In order to ensure the financial sustainability of companies under current economic conditions successful management of current assets is crucial. In practice it is quite often observed that the decisions related to current assets management in Latvian companies are made in the short-term aspects without making analysis. Efficient management of working capital is an essential condition of rise in profitability of a company.  Potentialities of working capital management in the context of efficient running of business have not been studied in Latvia up until now. The main aim of this article is to examine the effect of working capital on profitability of Latvian companies. The results of the research that has been performed in relation to Latvian enterprises confirm the existence of a correlation between components of working capital and profitability. The developed regression equations meant for forecasting profitability of a company applying working capital management methods can be used by Latvian enterprises. It follows that managers of an enterprise can forecast indexes characterizing profit, managing components of working capital and maintaining it on the optimum level</p>


Author(s):  
Mario Gonzalez-Fuentes

The past two decades—and the technology advancements experienced throughout them—have left marketers with a new context that has provided new business opportunities. This new context has prompted a change in the focus of the marketing function and demanded a shift in marketing imperatives and competencies. This chapter provides a comprehensive review of the technological changes experienced by the marketing function in a company, as documented by both scholars and practitioners. It also provides a thorough discussion of the ongoing academic debate regarding the new set of technical skills that have defined employability in the marketing circles for the past couple of decades and the challenges ahead for future professionals and executives.


Author(s):  
Montserrat Mata-Fernández

This chapter gives an overview of the importance of the quality as a whole in a company, considering it moves in an environment not only determined by the velocity of change of the technologies but also by the cultural change suffered in recent years. It has been proposed a new framework where new factors have to be analyzed to achieve a company pioneer and leader in the industry. Also, it explains all the benefits of doing it and how it will affect the performance of the staff, in the vision of clients and users, and the financial results of the firm. In conclusion, all these advantages will have a great benefit to society.


Author(s):  
Leslie Kosmin ◽  
Catherine Roberts

In Part 2 of this book consideration is given to the legal issues concerning meetings of directors. Companies that are registered and incorporated under the Companies Acts vary in size and complexity and as a consequence the regulation of board meetings of such companies will inevitably involve many different considerations and issues. What is required as a matter of practice in respect of the efficient management of large international companies, with many thousands of employees and multi-million pound turnover, will be different from the needs of private unquoted companies with only a few employees and a smaller sphere of operation. Although there will be variations in the procedures regulating directors’ meetings that are dependent on the particular nature of a company, there are certain matters that apply generally and constitute fundamental requirements of proper corporate governance in relation to holding valid and lawful meetings of directors. For example, all directors must be given due notice of a board meeting and receive the agenda and all relevant papers in good time prior to the meeting. The chairman of the board of directors must ensure that the conduct of the board meeting is orderly so that the members of the board may


Author(s):  
Leslie Kosmin ◽  
Catherine Roberts

An accurate and contemporaneous record of the decisions made by a duly constituted meeting is of fundamental importance for the good administration of any organization or institution. Minutes of meetings are a means by which all those who are concerned with the efficient management of an organization are kept informed of decisions that have been made at previous meetings. Ensuring that minutes of general meetings are prepared is one of the core functions of a company secretary working in conjunction with the chairman. Minutes must provide a balanced, impartial and accurate internal record of the business transacted at any company meeting.


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