8. Intelligence and Strategy

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Z. George
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Pearl Harbor ◽  
Cuban Missile Crisis ◽  
Yom Kippur War ◽  
Data Problem ◽  
War In Iraq ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Yom Kippur

This chapter explores the role of intelligence in strategy. It first explains what intelligence is and how strategists have talked about its utility before discussing the development of U.S. intelligence in its early efforts to support cold war strategies of containment and deterrence and in its more recent support to strategies for counterterrorism and counterinsurgency. It then examines the challenges and causes of ‘strategic surprise’, focusing on the historical cases of Pearl Harbor in 1941, the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962, the Yom Kippur War in 1973, and the 11 September 2001 attacks. It also describes some of the new challenges faced by intelligence after a decade of war in Iraq and Afghanistan as well as in dealing with the new ‘big data’ problem.

Uncomfortable Questions: Cyprus, October 1973–August 1974

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
VASSILIS K. FOUSKAS
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
The United States ◽  
Scholarly Research ◽  
Yom Kippur War ◽  
Yom Kippur ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Southern Flank

Scholarly research to date has analysed the Cyprus issue from the perspective of Greek–Turkish relations, suggesting that the United States was attempting to strike a balance between them in order to safeguard the cohesion of NATO's southern flank during the cold war. This article, without undermining the validity of previous historical findings on the issue, nevertheless constitutes an attempt to move towards a differing research agenda: it locates Cyprus in the Middle Eastern theatre and suggests that the Yom Kippur war of October 1973 may have more linkages to the Cyprus crisis of summer 1974 than one may at first sight discern.

News cartography and epistemic authority in the era of big data: Journalists as map-makers, map-users, and map-subjects

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikki Usher
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
New Media ◽  
Epistemic Authority ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Digital News ◽  
Media Research ◽  
New Challenges

Although the destabilization of journalism’s epistemic authority has been widely discussed, one critical element has been underexplored—the role of place. For journalists, claiming provenance over “where” has enabled control over a domain of knowledge, and one key means for doing so has been through news cartography, now rendered digitally. However, digital news cartography (digital news maps) exposes journalists’ epistemic authority to new challenges, from reliance on big data collected by others to maps about journalism itself that show journalists’ diminished authority over place. The case of digital news maps offers a chance to interrogate how journalists know what they know and how they know it and, more broadly, begs the question of how place and mapping must be considered in new media research.

Epilogue

2017 ◽  
pp. 355-360
Author(s):  
Isabella Ginor ◽  
Gideon Remez
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Future Study ◽  
Suez Canal ◽  
Yom Kippur War ◽  
The Us ◽  
Yom Kippur ◽  
Military Support ◽  
Anwar Sadat ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Military

This chapter poses for future study the question why, after at least initial success of the Soviet-supported Egyptian offensive, the rift between Cairo and Moscow that did not occur, as widely believed, in the summer of 1972 did develop gradually after the Yom Kippur War, with Egypt moving into the US camp in the Cold War. Unlike the present book’s challenge to many conventional assumptions about the 1967-1973 period, here the widespread concept appears to be borne out that once Egyptian President Anwar Sadat opted for peace, he needed US influence with Israel as much as he needed Soviet military support for the military achievement which he required as a precondition. Moscow was involved in the first stages of postwar settlement, such as the reopening of the Suez Canal and the Geneva peace conference. But it was edged out of the subsequent process and did its best to back its remaining allies, mainly Syria and Palestinian groups, in opposing the Israeli-Egyptian peace as far as backing attempts on Sadat’s life.

The Role of Doctrine

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-53
Author(s):  
David Barno ◽  
Nora Bensahel
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Iterative Process ◽  
Military Doctrine ◽  
World War ◽  
Yom Kippur War ◽  
Chain Of Command ◽  
Yom Kippur

This chapter explores the role of doctrine in military adaptation and how it prepares commanders and soldiers for the fog and friction of the battlefield. It argues that doctrine must remain flexible and open to change through a constant iterative process of improvement. Effective adaptation of doctrine also requires input from all levels of the chain of command and the ability to rapidly disseminate changes throughout the force. The chapter illustrates successful and failed adaptability of military doctrine using case studies of the French and German armies in World War II and the Egyptian and Israeli armies during the Yom Kippur War in 1973.

Historical Analogies and the Use of Force

2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Garofano
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Pearl Harbor ◽  
Recent Book ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Point Of Departure

Using a recent book by Jeffrey Record as a point of departure, this essay considers the role of historical analogies in decisions by U.S. leaders to use force during the Cold War. The analogies considered by Record those of Munich and Vietnam may have had a bearing on some decisions, but it is often difficult to assess their relative weight compared to other critical variables. Moreover, several analogies not considered by Record Pearl Harbor, for example may have been far more salient during certain crises than the analogies he examines. In any case, we need a more systematic analysis of historical analogies than Record provides if we are to gauge the real influence and impact of historical analogies on the Cold War.

Painted Memories

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
mayer kirshenblatt ◽  
barbara kirshenblatt-gimblett
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War ◽  
Daily Diet ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Yom Kippur ◽  
Root Vegetables

Mayer Kirshenblatt remembers in words and paintings the daily diet of Jews in Poland before the Holocaust. Born in 1916 in Opatóów (Apt in Yiddish), a small Polish city, this self-taught artist describes and paints how women bought chickens from the peasants and brought them to the shoykhet (ritual slaughterer), where they plucked the feathers; the custom of shlogn kapores (transferring one's sins to a chicken) before Yom Kippur; and the role of herring and root vegetables in the diet, especially during the winter. Mayer describes how his family planted and harvested potatoes on leased land, stored them in a root cellar, and the variety of dishes prepared from this important staple, as well as how to make a kratsborsht or scratch borsht from the milt (semen sack) of a herring. In the course of a forty-year conversation with his daughter, Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, who also interviewed Mayer's mother, a picture emerges of the daily, weekly, seasonal, and holiday cuisine of Jews who lived in southeastern Poland before World War II.

Sadat and the Yom Kippur War, October 1973

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Grunwald ◽  
Mark Perrin
Keyword(s):  
Yom Kippur War ◽  
Yom Kippur
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