9. Committee Scrutiny of Legislation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Thompson ◽  
Tony McNulty
Keyword(s):  
Legislative Process ◽  
Members Of Parliament ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Government Legislation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
To Receive

This chapter deals with committee scrutiny of legislation, focusing on common perceptions of the committee stage and its role in bringing about changes to government legislation. In the UK Parliament, legislation which follows the normal passage of a bill will at some point have a committee stage, where Members of Parliament (MPs) or peers can review the text of the bill in detail. It is common for bills to receive their committee stage in public bill committees. The chapter first considers how the committee stage is planned before discussing the legislative, procedural, and political contexts in which bill committees work. It then examines traditional assumptions about committee scrutiny of bills, along with contemporary developments in parliamentary scrutiny of legislation. In particular, it looks at the benefits of evidence-taking, ministerial behaviour in committees, the impact of committees in the latter stages of the legislative process, and the wider function of the committee stage.

15. Evidence from Outside

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Defty ◽  
Hannah White
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Professional Experience ◽  
Legislative Process ◽  
Members Of Parliament ◽  
External Evidence ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Oral Evidence ◽  
The Impact

This chapter considers the UK Parliament's use of external evidence in the scrutiny of policy and legislation. Throughout the nineteenth and most of the twentieth century, Members of Parliament (MPs) drew on their professional experience outside of Parliament to provide informed scrutiny of government policy and legislation. Since the latter part of the twentieth century, however, there has been a significant increase in opportunities for Parliament to draw on external evidence. Today, external evidence occupies a central place in Parliament's scrutiny and legislative functions. The chapter first examines how select committees scrutinize policy and administration, making a distinction between written evidence and oral evidence, before discussing the impact of evidence-taking on the legislative process for draft bills that are subject to scrutiny by public bill committees. It also describes formal mechanisms by which evidence and expertise are drawn into Parliament.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Uptake of Influenza Vaccine: A UK-Wide Observational Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrik Bachtiger ◽  
Alexander Adamson ◽  
Ji-Jian Chow ◽  
Rupa Sisodia ◽  
Jennifer K Quint ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
National Health ◽  
Personal Health Record ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
Flu Vaccination ◽  
The Face ◽  
Uk National Health Service ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
To Receive

BACKGROUND In the face of the Covid-19 pandemic, the UK National Health Service (NHS) flu vaccination eligibility is extended this year to ~32.4 million (48.8%) of the population. Knowing intended uptake will inform supply and public health messaging to maximise vaccination. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to measure how the Covid-19 pandemic will impact uptake of the UK National Health Service's (NHS) expanded flu vaccination programme, and to inform reasons for or against vaccination. METHODS Intention to receive influenza vaccine in 2020-21 was asked of all registrants of the NHS’s largest electronic personal health record. Of those who were either newly or previously eligible but had not previously received influenza vaccination, multivariable logistic regression, and network analysis were used to examine reasons to have or decline vaccination. RESULTS Among 6,641 respondents, 945 (14.2%) were previously eligible but not vaccinated of whom 536 (56.7%) intend to receive flu vaccination in 2020/21, as do 466 (68.6%) of the newly eligible, increasing nationwide vaccination demand by ~50%. Intention to receive the flu vaccine was associated with increased age, index of multiple deprivation (IMD) quintile, and considering oneself at high risk from Covid-19. Among those eligible but intending not to be vaccinated in 2020/21, 164 (30.2%) gave misinformed reasons. 47 (49.9%) of previously unvaccinated healthcare workers will decline vaccination in 2020/21. CONCLUSIONS In this sample, Covid-19 has increased acceptance of flu vaccination from 79.6% to 91.2% in those previously eligible, and 69% in the newly eligible. Meeting this demand for flu vaccination of ~26 million of the UK population is 50% higher than last year. This study is essential for informing resource planning and the need for effective messaging campaigns to address negative misconceptions, a strategy also necessary for Covid-19 vaccination programmes.

scholarly journals Scottish Islands Interconnections: Modelling the Impacts on the UK Electricity Network of Geographically Diverse Wind and Marine Energy

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3175
Author(s):  
Chris Matthew ◽  
Catalina Spataru
Keyword(s):  
Marine Energy ◽  
Geographic Diversity ◽  
Island Group ◽  
Tidal Stream ◽  
Spatial Diversification ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Forecasting Errors ◽  
To Receive

To meet climate change goals, the decarbonisation of the UK electricity supply is crucial. Increased geographic diversity and resource use could help provide grid and market stability and reduce CO2 intensive balancing actions. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of geographic diversity and Scottish island renewable energy on the UK network. This has been done by using the energy market modelling software PLEXOS with results validated using data for 2017/18. The model considers spatial diversification and forecasting errors by modelling day-ahead and intra-day markets with nodes for each distribution network operator region and island group. It was concluded that Scottish island renewable capacity could have a stabilising effect on the variability of renewables in terms of electricity generated, prices and forecasting errors, from the timescale of the entire year down to hours. The ability of geographically diverse generators to receive a higher price for electricity generated was shown to decrease with increased island capacity. Instances of negative prices were reduced with supply diversity (wind and marine) but not geographic diversity. Day ahead errors showed most clearly the impact of diversity of supply, particularly given the predictability of tidal stream generation.

The Impact of FLT3-ITD and NPM1 Mutational Status on the Outcome of ATRA Therapy in Patients with Non-APL AML: Results of the UK MRC AML12 Trial

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 554-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary Gale ◽  
Robert Hills ◽  
Claire Green ◽  
Yashma Patel ◽  
Amanda Gilkes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Normal Karyotype ◽  
Atra Treatment ◽  
Npm1 Mutation ◽  
Mutational Status ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Background: The prognostic value of mutations in NPM1 and FLT3-ITD is well known. Previously, Schlenk et al. (ASH 2007, Abstract 297) have reported that survival was significantly improved in a group of older patients who were NPM1 mutant/FLT3-ITD Wild Type when treated with ATRA; there was no significant improvement in overall survival in patients who were either NPM1 WT or FLT3-ITD mutant. We report here on a subset of the UK MRC AML12 trial who have been characterised for FLT3-ITD and NPM1 and who were randomised between ATRA in induction and no ATRA. Patients and Methods: A total of 393 patients were identified and characterised. The median age was 46 years (range 16–68); NPM1 and FLT3-ITD status were determined using methods previously reported (Gale et al. Blood 2008). Median follow-up for survival is 7.1 years. The overall results of the ATRA randomisation have previously been reported (Burnett et al. ASH 2002 Abstract 529) and show no benefit for ATRA treatment. All patients were treated with Daunorubicin, Ara-C and Thioguanine (DAT) with a randomisation between two doses of Ara-C, and were randomised to receive, or not, ATRA 45mg/m2/d during courses 1 and 2 of chemotherapy. ATRA was given for a median of 56 days. Results: A total of 143 (36%) patients had an NPM1 mutation and 93 (24%) had a FLT3-ITD mutation. No significant interactions were seen between either NPM1 status, or FLT3-ITD status and ATRA treatment with respect to complete remission, overall survival or relapse free survival (see Table). Estimates of the hazard ratios (HR) for the interaction between FLT3-ITD and ATRA, and NPM1 and ATRA for overall survival were 0.75 (95% CI 0.42–1.32 p=0.3) and 0.66 (95% CI 0.38–1.12 p=0.13), where an HR<1 indicates greater benefit for ATRA in the mutant group. Looking at patients stratified by both FLT3-ITD and NPM1 status (84 NPM1+ITD−, 34 NPM1−ITD+, 59 NPM1+ITD+, 216 NPM1−ITD−) showed no significant interaction (p=0.4 for heterogeneity of ATRA effect between the four groups, p=0.5 for difference in treatment effect between FLT3 WT/NPM1 mutant and others). The results were not significantly different if restricted to patients with a normal karyotype only. Conclusions: In this randomised comparison of ATRA therapy in younger patients with AML there were no significant interactions. Any impact of NPM1 or FLT3-ITD status on treatment with ATRA is likely to be relatively small or non-existent. CR OS at 5years RFS at 5 years ATRA No ATRA OR, 95% CI ATRA No ATRA HR, 95% CI ATRA No ATRA HR, 95% CI NPM1 WT 80% 86% 1.59 (0.82–3.09) 36% 35% 1.07 (0.79–1.45) 33% 29% 1.05 (0.76–1.46) NPM1 Mutant 91% 89% 0.81 (0.27–2.43) 57% 44% 0.70 (0.45–1.11) 49% 39% 0.83 (0.63–1.31) Interaction with ATRA p=0.3 0.1 0.4 FLT3 WT 83% 87% 1.46 (0.77–2.74) 45% 42% 0.97 (0.73–1.30) 42% 35% 0.87 (0.64–1.18) FLT3 ITD 89% 88% 0.89 (0.25–3.17) 40% 25% 0.73 (0.44–1.21) 32% 26% 0.89 (0.53–1.50) Interaction with ATRA p=0.5 0.4 0.9

scholarly journals The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Uptake of Influenza Vaccine: A UK-Wide Observational Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrik Bachtiger ◽  
Alex Adamson ◽  
Ji-Jian Chow ◽  
Rupa Sisodia ◽  
Jennifer K Quint ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Vaccination Rate ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Flu Vaccination ◽  
Flu Vaccine ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
To Receive

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe objective of this study was to measure the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on acceptance of flu vaccination in the 2020-21 season, including for those newly eligible for the UK National Health Service (NHS) free vaccination programme, extended this year to include an estimated 32.4 million (48.8%) of the UK population. Knowing intended uptake is essential to inform supply and steer public health messaging to maximise vaccination given the combined threats of both flu and Covid-19 — the unknown impact of which on both attitudes and the need for mass uptake yet again create the threat of ill-informed planning resulting in failure to meet necessary public health demand.MethodsAn online questionnaire posing question items on influenza vaccination was administered to registrants of the Care Information Exchange (CIE), the NHS’s largest patient electronic personal health record. This was part of a longitudinal study initiated during the Covid-19 pandemic lockdown. This analysis was limited to those who, in line with established NHS criteria, were previously or newly eligible but had not routinely received seasonal influenza vaccination in the past. Groups were stratified by response (yes/no) to intending to receive flu vaccination in 2020-21: Group 1.) Previously eligible now responding ‘yes’, 2.) Previously eligible still responding ‘no’, 3.) Newly eligible responding ‘yes’, and 4.) Newly eligible responding ‘no’. Within these groups, response by health worker status and each group’s inclination to vaccinate school age children was also measured. Summary statistics were reported alongside univariate and multivariable regression. Lastly, a network analysis visualised the frequency and co-occurrence of reasons qualifying response for or against influenza vaccination in 2020/21.FindingsAmong 6,641 respondents, 4,040 (61.1%) had previously routinely received the flu vaccination. 1,624 (24.5%) had been either previously eligible but not vaccinated (945, 58.2%) or newly eligible (679, 41.8%). Among the previously eligible participants who had not routinely received influenza vaccination 536 (56.7%) responded they would in 2020-21, increasing the vaccination rate in the entire previously eligible cohort from 79.6% to 91.2%, and 466 (68.6%) in the newly eligible.Multivariable logistic regression resulted in few substantial changes to effect estimates, with the exception of age, for which all estimates showed a stronger association with intention to receive the flu vaccine. In those who became newly eligible to receive the flu vaccine, there was an association between intention to receive the flu vaccine and increased age (OR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.12), IMD quintile, and considering oneself at high risk from Covid-19 (OR = 1.80, 95% CI 1.22 to 2.70).Network analysis showed the most frequent themes for previously eligible unvaccinated and newly eligible participants accepting vaccination in 2020/21 were: ‘precaution for myself’ (41.2% and 46.1%) and ‘Covid-19’ (27.4% and 27.1%), where the former was qualified by the latter in 36% and 29.1% of responses. Among the previously and newly eligible not intending to receive vaccination in 2020/21, misinformed themes of ‘makes me unwell’, ‘gives me flu’ and ‘vaccine doesn’t work’ were present across 37.4% and 21.9% of responses, respectively.Among participants with school age children, of those previously eligible who now intend to be vaccinated themselves, 82.5% also intend to vaccinate their children in 2020/21 compared to 25.8% of those who would not accept the influenza vaccine for themselves. Among the newly eligible respondents this was 82.1% and 43.5%, respectively. 49.9% of the previously unvaccinated healthcare workers would continue to decline the vaccine in 2020/21.InterpretationIn this UK-wide observational study, Covid-19 has increased acceptance of flu vaccination in 2020/21 from 79.6% to 91.2% in those previously eligible, and for the 69% of those newly eligible. This high anticipated vaccination rate (to 26 million (80%) of the UK population) requires appropriate planning, but can be further increased with effective messaging campaigns to address negative misconceptions about flu vaccination, which may also help in preparation for future Covid-19 vaccination. It remains of concern that 50% of healthcare professionals who refused it previously still do not intend to have the flu vaccine.

Parliamentary Debates in Canada (1901–2015)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Florence Vallée-Dubois ◽  
Jean-François Godbout ◽  
Christopher Cochrane
Keyword(s):  
Legislative Process ◽  
House Of Commons ◽  
Parliamentary Debates ◽  
Partisan Polarization ◽  
Members Of Parliament ◽  
Procedural Rule ◽  
Rule Change ◽  
Rule Changes ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This article analyzes the effect of procedural rule change on the dynamics of parliamentary speeches in the Canadian House of Commons between 1901 and 2015. During this period, several new rules were introduced to reduce the opportunities for private members to speak during the debates so that the government could get its business done within an acceptable amount of time. Our analysis looks at the impact of these rule changes on the content and orientation of all individual speeches made by members of Parliament. The results indicate that parliamentary rules had an important effect on the topic and duration of debates. Our findings also confirm that procedural changes contributed to a heightening of partisan polarization in the Canadian Parliament over time and disproportionately reduced the influence of government backbenchers in the legislative process.

The Film World’s Cooperative Store: Institutions and Films of the 1930s and 1940s

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Claire Thomson
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Early History ◽  
World War ◽  
International Context ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

This chapter traces the early history of state-sponsored informational filmmaking in Denmark, emphasising its organisation as a ‘cooperative’ of organisations and government agencies. After an account of the establishment and early development of the agency Dansk Kulturfilm in the 1930s, the chapter considers two of its earliest productions, both process films documenting the manufacture of bricks and meat products. The broader context of documentary in Denmark is fleshed out with an account of the production and reception of Poul Henningsen’s seminal film Danmark (1935), and the international context is accounted for with an overview of the development of state-supported filmmaking in the UK, Italy and Germany. Developments in the funding and output of Dansk Kulturfilm up to World War II are outlined, followed by an account of the impact of the German Occupation of Denmark on domestic informational film. The establishment of the Danish Government Film Committee or Ministeriernes Filmudvalg kick-started aprofessionalisation of state-sponsored filmmaking, and two wartime public information films are briefly analysed as examples of its early output. The chapter concludes with an account of the relations between the Danish Resistance and an emerging generation of documentarists.

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