scholarly journals Scottish Islands Interconnections: Modelling the Impacts on the UK Electricity Network of Geographically Diverse Wind and Marine Energy

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3175
Author(s):  
Chris Matthew ◽  
Catalina Spataru
Keyword(s):  
Marine Energy ◽  
Geographic Diversity ◽  
Island Group ◽  
Tidal Stream ◽  
Spatial Diversification ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Forecasting Errors ◽  
To Receive

To meet climate change goals, the decarbonisation of the UK electricity supply is crucial. Increased geographic diversity and resource use could help provide grid and market stability and reduce CO2 intensive balancing actions. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of geographic diversity and Scottish island renewable energy on the UK network. This has been done by using the energy market modelling software PLEXOS with results validated using data for 2017/18. The model considers spatial diversification and forecasting errors by modelling day-ahead and intra-day markets with nodes for each distribution network operator region and island group. It was concluded that Scottish island renewable capacity could have a stabilising effect on the variability of renewables in terms of electricity generated, prices and forecasting errors, from the timescale of the entire year down to hours. The ability of geographically diverse generators to receive a higher price for electricity generated was shown to decrease with increased island capacity. Instances of negative prices were reduced with supply diversity (wind and marine) but not geographic diversity. Day ahead errors showed most clearly the impact of diversity of supply, particularly given the predictability of tidal stream generation.

scholarly journals Validation of the BATT score for prehospital risk stratification of traumatic haemorrhagic death: usefulness for tranexamic acid treatment criteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francois-Xavier Ageron ◽  
Timothy J. Coats ◽  
Vincent Darioli ◽  
Ian Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Tranexamic Acid ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
External Validation ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Brier Score ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Tranexamic acid reduces surgical blood loss and reduces deaths from bleeding in trauma patients. Tranexamic acid must be given urgently, preferably by paramedics at the scene of the injury or in the ambulance. We developed a simple score (Bleeding Audit Triage Trauma score) to predict death from bleeding. Methods We conducted an external validation of the BATT score using data from the UK Trauma Audit Research Network (TARN) from 1st January 2017 to 31st December 2018. We evaluated the impact of tranexamic acid treatment thresholds in trauma patients. Results We included 104,862 trauma patients with an injury severity score of 9 or above. Tranexamic acid was administered to 9915 (9%) patients. Of these 5185 (52%) received prehospital tranexamic acid. The BATT score had good accuracy (Brier score = 6%) and good discrimination (C-statistic 0.90; 95% CI 0.89–0.91). Calibration in the large showed no substantial difference between predicted and observed death due to bleeding (1.15% versus 1.16%, P = 0.81). Pre-hospital tranexamic acid treatment of trauma patients with a BATT score of 2 or more would avoid 210 bleeding deaths by treating 61,598 patients instead of avoiding 55 deaths by treating 9915 as currently. Conclusion The BATT score identifies trauma patient at risk of significant haemorrhage. A score of 2 or more would be an appropriate threshold for pre-hospital tranexamic acid treatment.

Funding Local Political Parties in England and Wales: Donations and Constituency Campaigns

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Johnston ◽  
Charles Pattie
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Liberal Democrats ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

The funding of political parties is an issue of considerable contemporary concern in the UK. Although most attention has been paid to the situation regarding national parties, the new funding regime introduced in 2001 also applies to constituency parties, and some concerns have been raised regarding the limits on spending and expenditure there. Using data released by the Electoral Commission on all donations above a specified minimum to constituency parties, this article looks at the pattern of donations over the period 2001–05. It then analyses the impact of spending on the 2005 constituency campaigns, showing that for the Conservatives and Liberal Democrats substantial donations enhanced their vote-winning performances in seats where their candidates were challengers whereas for Labour substantial donations aided its performance in marginal seats that it was defending.

scholarly journals Re-calculating the cost of coccidiosis in chickens

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Damer P. Blake ◽  
Jolene Knox ◽  
Ben Dehaeck ◽  
Ben Huntington ◽  
Thilak Rathinam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
The United States ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Chicken Population ◽  
Global Cost ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Significant Disease

Abstract Coccidiosis, caused by Eimeria species parasites, has long been recognised as an economically significant disease of chickens. As the global chicken population continues to grow, and its contribution to food security intensifies, it is increasingly important to assess the impact of diseases that compromise chicken productivity and welfare. In 1999, Williams published one of the most comprehensive estimates for the cost of coccidiosis in chickens, featuring a compartmentalised model for the costs of prophylaxis, treatment and losses, indicating a total cost in excess of £38 million in the United Kingdom (UK) in 1995. In the 25 years since this analysis the global chicken population has doubled and systems of chicken meat and egg production have advanced through improved nutrition, husbandry and selective breeding of chickens, and wider use of anticoccidial vaccines. Using data from industry representatives including veterinarians, farmers, production and health experts, we have updated the Williams model and estimate that coccidiosis in chickens cost the UK £99.2 million in 2016 (range £73.0–£125.5 million). Applying the model to data from Brazil, Egypt, Guatemala, India, New Zealand, Nigeria and the United States resulted in estimates that, when extrapolated by geographical region, indicate a global cost of ~ £10.4 billion at 2016 prices (£7.7–£13.0 billion), equivalent to £0.16/chicken produced. Understanding the economic costs of livestock diseases can be advantageous, providing baselines to evaluate the impact of different husbandry systems and interventions. The updated cost of coccidiosis in chickens will inform debates on the value of chemoprophylaxis and development of novel anticoccidial vaccines.

scholarly journals Public Transfers and Domestic Violence: The Roles of Private Information and Spousal Control

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo J Bobonis ◽  
Melissa González-Brenes ◽  
Roberto Castro
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Private Information ◽  
Spousal Abuse ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Transfer Programs ◽  
Female Partners ◽  
Public Transfers ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
To Receive

We study whether transfer programs in which funds are targeted to women decrease the incidence of spousal abuse. We examine the impact of the Mexican Oportunidades program on spousal abuse rates and threats of violence using data from a specialized survey. Beneficiary women are 40 percent less likely to be victims of physical abuse, but are more likely to receive violent threats with no associated abuse. This evidence is consistent with a model of decision-makers' interactions with asymmetric information in the male partner's gains to marriage, who can then use threats of violence to extract rents from their female partners. (JEL D82, J12, J16, K42, O15, O17)

The Electricity Supply Industry: A Study of an Industry in Transition

2001 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 85-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary O'Mahony ◽  
Michela Vecchi
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Electricity Supply ◽  
Electricity Supply Industry ◽  
Consumer Prices ◽  
Supply Industry ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Industry Structures ◽  
The Impact

In 1989 the UK began a process of transferring an almost wholly state-owned electricity supply industry (ESI) into a collection of privately-owned generation, transmission and distribution utilities. Using data from 1960–97, this paper aims to evaluate how the performance of the UK ESI has changed over time and to compare the UK performance with France, Germany and the United States in order to assess the impact of the liberalisation process. The study takes a whole-industry approach, combining the four aspects of electricity production — generation, transmission, distribution and supply. The computation of labour and total factor productivity and the impact on consumer prices are used to shed light on how successful the various industry structures have been in raising performance.

scholarly journals Integration of rare large-effect expression variants improves polygenic risk prediction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Smail ◽  
Nicole M. Ferraro ◽  
Matthew G. Durrant ◽  
Abhiram S. Rao ◽  
Matthew Aguirre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Rare Variants ◽  
Complex Trait ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Multiple Traits ◽  
Polygenic Risk ◽  
Common Genetic Variants ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

SummaryPolygenic risk scores (PRS) aim to quantify the contribution of multiple genetic loci to an individual’s likelihood of a complex trait or disease. However, existing PRS estimate genetic liability using common genetic variants, excluding the impact of rare variants. We identified rare, large-effect variants in individuals with outlier gene expression from the GTEx project and then assessed their impact on PRS predictions in the UK Biobank (UKB). We observed large deviations from the PRS-predicted phenotypes for carriers of multiple outlier rare variants; for example, individuals classified as “low-risk” but in the top 1% of outlier rare variant burden had a 6-fold higher rate of severe obesity. We replicated these findings using data from the NHLBI Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) biobank and the Million Veteran Program, and demonstrated that PRS across multiple traits will significantly benefit from the inclusion of rare genetic variants.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Uptake of Influenza Vaccine: A UK-Wide Observational Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrik Bachtiger ◽  
Alexander Adamson ◽  
Ji-Jian Chow ◽  
Rupa Sisodia ◽  
Jennifer K Quint ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
National Health ◽  
Personal Health Record ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
Flu Vaccination ◽  
The Face ◽  
Uk National Health Service ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
To Receive

BACKGROUND In the face of the Covid-19 pandemic, the UK National Health Service (NHS) flu vaccination eligibility is extended this year to ~32.4 million (48.8%) of the population. Knowing intended uptake will inform supply and public health messaging to maximise vaccination. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to measure how the Covid-19 pandemic will impact uptake of the UK National Health Service's (NHS) expanded flu vaccination programme, and to inform reasons for or against vaccination. METHODS Intention to receive influenza vaccine in 2020-21 was asked of all registrants of the NHS’s largest electronic personal health record. Of those who were either newly or previously eligible but had not previously received influenza vaccination, multivariable logistic regression, and network analysis were used to examine reasons to have or decline vaccination. RESULTS Among 6,641 respondents, 945 (14.2%) were previously eligible but not vaccinated of whom 536 (56.7%) intend to receive flu vaccination in 2020/21, as do 466 (68.6%) of the newly eligible, increasing nationwide vaccination demand by ~50%. Intention to receive the flu vaccine was associated with increased age, index of multiple deprivation (IMD) quintile, and considering oneself at high risk from Covid-19. Among those eligible but intending not to be vaccinated in 2020/21, 164 (30.2%) gave misinformed reasons. 47 (49.9%) of previously unvaccinated healthcare workers will decline vaccination in 2020/21. CONCLUSIONS In this sample, Covid-19 has increased acceptance of flu vaccination from 79.6% to 91.2% in those previously eligible, and 69% in the newly eligible. Meeting this demand for flu vaccination of ~26 million of the UK population is 50% higher than last year. This study is essential for informing resource planning and the need for effective messaging campaigns to address negative misconceptions, a strategy also necessary for Covid-19 vaccination programmes.

scholarly journals Effect of Sampling Rate on Photovoltaic Self-Consumption in Load Shifting Simulations

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 5393
Author(s):  
Philippe Voinov ◽  
Patrick Huber ◽  
Alberto Calatroni ◽  
Andreas Rumsch ◽  
Andrew Paice
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Smart Meter ◽  
Data Sampling ◽  
Load Shifting ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Data Sampling Rate ◽  
Potential Improvement ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) capacity is increasing and is currently estimated to account for 3.0% of worldwide energy generation. One strategy to balance fluctuating PV power is to incentivize self-consumption by shifting certain loads. The potential improvement in the amount of self-consumption is usually estimated using smart meter and PV production data. Smart meter data are usually available only at sampling frequences far below the Nyquist limit. In this paper we investigate how this insufficient sampling rate affects the estimated self-consumption potential of shiftable household appliances (washing machines, tumble dryers and dishwashers). We base our analyses on measured consumption data from 16 households in the UK and corresponding PV data. We found that the simulated results have a marked dependence on the data sampling rate. The amount of self-consumed energy estimated with data sampled every 10 min was overestimated by 30–40% compared to estimations using data with 1 min sampling rate. We therefore recommend to take this factor into account when making predictions on the impact of appliance load shifting on the rate of self-consumption.

scholarly journals The impact of journal re-grading on perception of ranking systems: Exploring the case of the Academic Journal Guide and Business and Management scholars in the UK

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
James T Walker ◽  
Ammon Salter ◽  
Rita Fontinha ◽  
Rossella Salandra
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Academic Journal ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
Ranking Systems ◽  
Large Scale Survey ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Business And Management

Abstract The marked increase in the use of metrics, such as journal lists, to assess research has had a profound effect on academics’ working lives. While some view the diffusion of rankings as beneficial, others consider their diffusion as a malicious development, which further acerbates a tendency towards managerialism in academia, and undermine the integrity and diversity of academic research. Using data from a large-scale survey and a re-grading of journals in a ranking used by Business and Management UK scholars—the Academic Journal Guide—as a pseudo-experiment, we examine what determines negative and positive perceptions of rankings. We find that the individuals who published in outlets that were upgraded were less hostile to the ranking than those who did not benefit from these changes, and that individuals were also less hostile to the ranking if outlets in their field had benefited from re-grading in the new list. We also find that the individuals who published in outlets that were upgraded were more positive to the ranking than those who did not benefit from these changes, and that individuals were also more positive to the ranking if outlets in their field had benefited from re-grading in the new list.

scholarly journals Income Losses and Subjective Well-Being: Gender and Ethnic Inequalities during the Covid-19 Lockdown Period in the UK

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleftherios Giovanis
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Life Satisfaction Approach ◽  
Detrimental Impact

Abstract COVID-19 has become a global health pandemic forcing governments introducing unprecedented steps to contain the spread of the virus. On the 23rd of March, 2020, the UK government addressed the nation to announce extraordinary measures as a response to slow down the spread of the coronavirus, which have influenced the well-being and finances of millions of people. As a result people had to make difficult adjustments and to follow different coping strategies in order to respond to income losses. The main objective of this study is to examine the impact of various coping strategies, due to the lockdown measures, on the respondents’ subjective well-being by gender and ethnic background. We apply a difference-in-differences framework using data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS) combined with the UKHLS COVID-19 survey conducted in April 2020. Furthermore, using the Life Satisfaction Approach (LSA), we estimate the well-being costs of the coping strategies adopted that denote the amount required to revert individual’s well-being into the levels were before Covid-19 period. The results show that coping strategies with the earning losses have a significant detrimental impact on well-being and the related costs range between £250-3,500, which are significantly varied by gender and ethnic group.JEL Classification: C1, I14, I31

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