IBD Disability Index Is Associated With Both Direct and Indirect Costs of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leigh Anne Shafer ◽  
Seth Shaffer ◽  
Julia Witt ◽  
Zoann Nugent ◽  
Charles N Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
Annual Cost ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Direct And Indirect Costs ◽  
Wage Loss ◽  
Average Annual Cost ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
University Of Manitoba ◽  
Statistics Canada ◽  
The Given

Abstract Introduction We aimed to determine both direct (medical) and indirect (lost wages) costs of IBD and the association between the degree of IBD-related disability and extent of IBD-related costs. Methods Persons age 18-65 from the population-based University of Manitoba IBD Research Registry completed a survey including the IBD Disability Index (IBDDI) and questions related to employment, missed work (absenteeism), and reduced productivity at work (presenteeism). Administrative health data including surgeries, hospitalizations, physician claims, and prescriptions were linked to the survey and assessed. To calculate annual wage loss, number of days of missed work was multiplied by the average wage in Manitoba for the given occupation per Statistics Canada. Costs were adjusted to 2016-17 Canadian dollars. Using descriptive and regression analysis, we explored the association between IBDDI and annual direct and indirect costs associated with IBD. Results Average annual medical costs rose from $1918 among those with IBDDI 0-4 to $9,993 among those with IBDDI 80-86. Average annual cost of lost work rose from $0 among those with IBDDI 0-4 to $30,101 among those with IBDDI 80-86. Using linear regression, each additional unit of IBDDI was associated with an increase of $77 in annual medical cost (95% CI, $52-102; P < .001) and an increase of $341 in annual cost of lost wages (95% CI, $288-395; P < .001). Conclusions Costs related to IBD are significantly associated with the degree of IBD-related disability. Among the approximate 30% of the IBD population with IBDDI scores ≥40, the indirect costs of absenteeism and presenteeism accounts for ~75% of the total IBD-related costs.

Direct and Indirect Costs of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Ten Years of Follow-up in a Danish Population-based Inception Cohort

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bobby Lo ◽  
Ida Vind ◽  
Marianne Kajbaek Vester-Andersen ◽  
Flemming Bendtsen ◽  
Johan Burisch
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Control Population ◽  
Inception Cohort ◽  
Direct And Indirect Costs ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Abstract Background Inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], encompassing Crohn’s disease [CD] and ulcerative colitis [UC], places a high burden on health care resources. To date, no study has assessed the combined direct and indirect cost of IBD in a population-based setting. Our aim was to assess this in a population-based inception cohort with 10 years of follow-up. Methods All incident patients diagnosed with CD or UC, 2003–2004, in a well-defined area of Copenhagen, were followed prospectively until 2015. Direct and indirect costs were retrieved from Danish national registries. Data were compared with a control population [1:20]. Associations between the costs and multiple variables were assessed. Results A total of 513 (CD: 213 [42%], UC: 300 [58%]) IBD patients were included. No significant differences were found in indirect costs between CD, UC, and the control population. Costs for CD patients were significantly higher than those for UC regarding all direct expenditures (except for5-aminosalicylates [5-ASA] and diagnostic expenses). Biologics accounted for €1.6 and €0.3 million for CD and UC, respectively. The total costs amounted to €42.6 million. Only patients with extensive colitis had significantly higher direct costs (proctitis: €2273 [1341–4092], left-sided: €3606 [2354–5311], extensive: €4093 [2313–6057], p <0.001). No variables were significantly associated with increased total costs in CD or in UC patients. Conclusions In this prospective population-based cohort, direct costs for IBD remain high. However, indirect costs did not surpass the control population. Total costs were mainly driven by hospitalisation, but indirect costs accounted for a higher percentage overall, although these did decrease over time. Podcast This article has an associated podcast which can be accessed at https://academic.oup.com/ecco-jcc/pages/podcast

Direct and indirect costs of nonfatal road traffic injuries in Iran: A population-based study

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasti Karimi ◽  
Saeed Soleyman-Jahi ◽  
Nima Hafezi-Nejad ◽  
Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar ◽  
Masoumeh Amin-Esmaeili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Direct And Indirect Costs ◽  
Road Traffic Injuries

Hospitalization of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus is a major cause of direct and indirect healthcare costs

Lupus ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 756-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
A P Anandarajah ◽  
M Luc ◽  
C T Ritchlin
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Annual Cost ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Memorial Hospital ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Direct And Indirect Costs

Objectives The objective of this study was to calculate the direct and indirect costs of admission for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, identify the population at risk and investigate potential reasons for admission. Methods We conducted a financial analysis of all admissions for SLE to Strong Memorial Hospital between 1 July 2013 and 30 June 2015. Patient and financial records for admissions with a SLE diagnosis for the above period were retrieved. The total cost of admissions was used as a measure of direct costs and the length of stay used to assess indirect costs. Additionally, we analyzed the demographics of the hospitalized population. Results The average, annual cost of confirmed admissions to Strong Memorial Hospital for SLE was US$3.9–6.4 m. The mean annual cost per patient for hospitalization was US$51,808.41. The length of stay for all SLE patients was 1564–2507 days with an average of 8.5 days per admission. The majority of patients admitted were young women from the city of Rochester. Infections were the most common reason for admissions. Conclusion We demonstrated that admissions are a source of high direct and indirect costs to the hospital and a significant financial burden to the patient. Implementing measures to improve the quality of care for SLE patients will help decrease the morbidity and lower the economic costs to hospitals.

scholarly journals Absenteeism Problems And Costs: Causes, Effects And Cures

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet C. Kocakülâh ◽  
Ann Galligan Kelley ◽  
Krystal M. Mitchell ◽  
Margaret P. Ruggieri
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Primary Reason ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
Direct And Indirect Costs ◽  
Family Issues ◽  
Statistics Canada

Employee absences are both costly and disruptive for business, and the trend has been increasing steadily over the years. Personal illness and family issues are cited as the primary reason for unplanned absences. Employers have been attempting to determine the validity of these illnesses and offer incentives and propose possible solutions to mitigate these absences, including those caused by family issues. Illness, family responsibilities, personal issues and stress all take a toll on the worker which in turn affects morale, absences and productivity in the workplace. Some sources including Statistics Canada cite that absenteeism approximates 15-20 percent of payroll (direct and indirect) costs. This is significant. Canada Newswire stated on May 23, 2008 that absenteeism translates into losses of over $16 billion in salary expenses. The purpose of this paper is to identify the leading factors of absenteeism, possible cures that exist for these factors, and present results of companies that have implemented programs to combat the problem of absenteeism. It is important that businesses determine if they in fact have an absenteeism problem and thus consider utilizing some of the proposed solutions offered in this paper.

scholarly journals Economic burden of Huntington’s disease in Peru

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Silva-Paredes ◽  
Rosa M. Urbanos-Garrido ◽  
Miguel Inca-Martinez ◽  
Danielle Rabinowitz ◽  
Mario R. Cornejo-Olivas
Keyword(s):  
Huntington's Disease ◽  
Huntington’S Disease ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Annual Cost ◽  
Healthcare Costs ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Direct And Indirect Costs

Abstract Background Huntington’s disease (HD) is a devastating and fatal neurodegenerative disorder that leads to progressive disability, and over time to total dependence. The economic impact of HD on patients living in developing countries like Peru is still unknown. This study aims to estimate the economic burden by estimating direct and indirect costs of Huntington’s disease in Peru, as well as the proportion of direct costs borne by patients and their families. Methods Disease-cost cross-sectional study where 97 participants and their primary caregivers were interviewed using a common questionnaire. Prevalence and human capital approaches were used to estimate direct and indirect costs, respectively. Results The average annual cost of HD reached USD 8120 per patient in 2015. Direct non-healthcare costs represented 78.3% of total cost, indirect costs 14.4% and direct healthcare costs the remaining 7.3%. The mean cost of HD increased with the degree of patient dependency: from USD 6572 for Barthel 4 & 5 (slight dependency and total independency, respectively) to USD 23,251 for Barthel 1 (total dependency). Direct costs were primarily financed by patients and their families. Conclusions The estimated annual cost of HD for Peruvian society reached USD 1.2 million in 2015. The cost impact of HD on patients and their families is very high, becoming catastrophic for most dependent patients, and thus making it essential to prioritize full coverage by the State.

scholarly journals Absenteeism Problems And Costs: Causes, Effects And Cures

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet C. Kocakulah ◽  
Ann Galligan Kelley ◽  
Krystal M. Mitchell ◽  
Margaret P. Ruggieri
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Primary Reason ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
Direct And Indirect Costs ◽  
Family Issues ◽  
Statistics Canada

Employee absences are both costly and disruptive for business, and the trend has been increasing steadily over the years.  Personal illness and family issues are cited as the primary reason for unplanned absences. Employers have been attempting to determine the validity of these illnesses and offer incentives and propose possible solutions to mitigate these absences, including those caused by family issues.  Illness, family responsibilities, personal issues and stress all take a toll on the worker which in turn affects morale, absences and productivity in the workplace.   Some sources including Statistics Canada cite that absenteeism approximates 15-20 percent of payroll (direct and indirect) costs.  This is significant.   Canada Newswire stated on May 23, 2008 that absenteeism translates into losses of over $16 billion in salary expenses.  The purpose of this paper is to identify the leading factors of absenteeism, possible “cures” that exist for these factors, and present results of companies that have implemented programs to combat the problem of absenteeism.  It is important that businesses determine if they in fact have an absenteeism problem and thus consider utilizing some of the proposed solutions offered in this paper.

scholarly journals Direct and indirect costs among us employees with and without bipolar disorder or schizophrenia: Annual cost trends from 2001 to 2011

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. A59
Author(s):  
R.A. Brook ◽  
K. Rajagopalan ◽  
N.L. Kleinman ◽  
M. Hassan ◽  
J.W. Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Annual Cost ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Direct And Indirect Costs

Financial Toxicity in People With Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S Bloomfeld ◽  
Stephen J Bickston
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Financial Toxicity ◽  
Direct And Indirect Costs ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Financial toxicity is the term for problems our patients suffer related to the cost of medical care. It differs from both direct and indirect costs and is surprisingly common in patients that most would consider well-insured. This editorial discusses steps we can take to limit our patients’ suffering.

scholarly journals Occurrence, mortality and cost of brain disorders in Denmark: a population-based cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e037564
Author(s):  
Søren Viborg Vestergaard ◽  
Thomas Bøjer Rasmussen ◽  
Sandra Stallknecht ◽  
Jens Olsen ◽  
Niels Skipper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
General Population ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Matched Cohort ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Brain Disorder ◽  
Direct And Indirect Costs ◽  
One Year

ObjectivesTo examine the occurrence of brain disorders (ie, neurological and mental disorders) in Denmark and mortality and cost of illness among affected persons.DesignMatched cohort study.SettingWe obtained routinely collected registry data on all Danish residents during 1995–2015.ParticipantsWe identified all persons alive on 1 January 2015 with a diagnosis of 25 specific brain disorders (prevalent cohort) and all persons with an incident diagnosis during 2011–2015 (incident cohort). Each person was matched on age and sex with 10 persons from the general population without the brain disorder of interest.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrevalence and incidence of hospital-diagnosed brain disorders, 1-year absolute and relative mortality, and attributable direct and indirect costs of illness compared with the corresponding matched cohorts.ResultsWe identified 1 075 081 persons with at least one prevalent brain disorder (any brain disorder) on 1 January 2015, corresponding to 18.9% of the Danish population. The incidence rate of any brain disorder during 2011–2015 was 1349 per 100 000 person-years (95% CI 1345 to 1353). One-year mortality after diagnosis was increased in persons with any brain disorder (HR 4.7, 95% CI 4.7 to 4.8) and in persons in every group of specific brain disorders compared with the matched cohort from the general population. The total attributable direct costs of brain disorders in 2015 were €5.2 billion and total attributable indirect costs were €11.2 billion. Traumatic brain injury, stress-related disorders, depression and stroke were the most common brain disorders. Attributable costs were highest for depression, dementia, stress-related disorders and stroke.ConclusionsOne in five Danish residents alive on 1 January 2015 had been diagnosed with at least one brain disorder, and mortality was five times higher in persons with any diagnosed brain disorder than in the general population. We found high attributable direct and indirect costs of brain disorders.

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