Abstract
Fasting venous blood collected from 83 patients with breast cancer was analyzed for triglycerides; total, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol; tumor necrosis factor (TNF α); glucose; creatinine; insulin; glucagon; growth hormone; cortisol; and thyrotropin. Patients with stage IV disease had significantly higher (P < 0.05) triglyceride concentrations and significantly lower (P < 0.05) concentrations of total and HDL cholesterol than did patients with less advanced disease or age-matched controls. Furthermore, LDL cholesterol concentrations in patients with boney metastases were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than concentrations in patients with liver or liver plus boney metastases or in controls. These results could not be attributed to smoking habits, alcohol consumption, or treatment. We observed no correlations between serum concentrations of lipid and concentrations of TNF α, insulin, glucose, creatinine, cortisol, growth hormone, or thyrotropin. However, there was a significant (P < 0.05) negative correlation between total cholesterol and glucagon and between LDL cholesterol and glucagon for patients with stage II, III, and IV disease, suggesting that glucagon may reduce LDL cholesterol concentrations by an as-yet-unidentified mechanism.
Learning from organisational changes in the management of breast cancer patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Preparing for a second wave at a breast unit in northern Italy