Birth order, maternal age and birth interval

1976 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-392
Author(s):  
Alwyn Smith
Keyword(s):  
Birth Order ◽  
Birth Interval ◽  
Maternal Age

scholarly journals Impact of High-Risk Fertility Behaviour on Under-five Mortality in Asia and Africa: Evidence from Demographic and Health Surveys

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafi Amir-ud-Din ◽  
Lubna Naz ◽  
Anila Rubi ◽  
Muhammad Usman ◽  
Umesh Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Birth Interval ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Index Child ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Fertility Behaviour

Abstract Background: Smaller or older maternal age, smaller inter-pregnancy birth interval, and higher birth order of the child are considered to be high-risk fertility behaviour (HRFB). Under-five mortality being disproportionately concentrated in Asia and Africa, this study analyses the association between HRFB and under-five mortality in selected Asian and African countries. Methods: This study used Integrated Public Microdata Series-Demographic and Health Surveys (IPUMS-DHS) data from 32 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, Middle East, North Africa, and South Asia from 1986 to 2017 (N=1,467,728). Previous evidence hints at four markers of HRFB: women's age at the birth of index child <18 years or >34 years, smaller preceding birth interval (PBI) <24 months, and child's birth order >3. Using logistic regression, we analysed the change in the odds of under-five mortality as a result of i) exposure to HRFB individually, ii) exposure to any single HRFB risk factor, iii) exposure to multiple HRFB risk factors, and iv) exposure to specific combinations of HRFB risk factors. Results: Mother's age at the birth of index child <18 years and preceding birth interval (PBI) <24 months were significant risk factors of under-five mortality, while a child's birth order >3 was a protective factor against under-five mortality. Presence of any single HRFB was associated with 1.067 times higher risk of under-five mortality (OR = 1.067; 95% CI: 1.042 - 1.090; P < 0.001). Presence of multiple HRFBs was associated with 1.392 times higher risk of under-five mortality (OR = 1.392; 95% CI: 1.355 - 1.431; P < 0.001). Some specific combinations of risky fertility behaviour such as younger maternal age (<18 years) and smaller preceding birth interval (PBI <24) significantly increased the odds of under-five mortality.Conclusion: Younger maternal age and small preceding birth interval significantly increase the risk of under-five mortality. This highlights the need for effective legislation to curb child marriages and increased public investment in reproductive healthcare with a focus on higher contraceptive use for an optimal interpregnancy interval.

Impact of High-Risk Fertility Behaviour on Under-five Mortality in Asia and Africa: Evidence from Demographic and Health Surveys

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafi Amir-ud-Din ◽  
Lubna Naz ◽  
Anila Rubi ◽  
Muhammad Usman ◽  
Umesh Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Birth Interval ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Index Child ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Fertility Behaviour

Abstract Background: Younger or older maternal age, short inter-pregnancy birth interval, and higher birth order of the child are considered to be high-risk fertility behaviour (HRFB). Under-five mortality being disproportionately concentrated in Asia and Africa, this study analyses the association between HRFB and under-five mortality in selected Asian and African countries.Methods: This study used Integrated Public Microdata Series-Demographic and Health Surveys (IPUMS-DHS) data from 32 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, Middle East, North Africa, and South Asia from 1986 to 2017 (N=1,467,728). Previous evidence hints at four markers of HRFB: women’s age at the birth of index child <18 years or >34 years, short preceding birth interval (PBI) <24 months, and child’s birth order >3. Using logistic regression, we analysed the change in the odds of under-five mortality as a result of i) exposure to HRFB individually, ii) exposure to any single HRFB risk factor, iii) exposure to multiple HRFB risk factors, and iv) exposure to specific combinations of HRFB risk factors. Results: Mother’s age at the birth of index child <18 years and preceding birth interval (PBI) <24 months were significant risk factors of under-five mortality, while a child’s birth order >3 was a protective factor against under-five mortality. Presence of any single HRFB was associated with 1.067 times higher risk of under-five mortality (OR = 1.067; 95% CI: 1.042 - 1.090; P < 0.001). Presence of multiple HRFBs was associated with 1.392 times higher risk of under-five mortality (OR = 1.392; 95% CI: 1.355 - 1.431; P < 0.001). Some specific combinations of risky fertility behaviour such as younger maternal age (<18 years) and short preceding birth interval (PBI <24) significantly increased the odds of under-five mortality.Conclusion: Younger maternal age and short preceding birth interval significantly increase the risk of under-five mortality. This highlights the need for effective legislation to curb child marriages and increased public investment in reproductive healthcare with a focus on higher contraceptive use for an optimal interpregnancy interval.

scholarly journals Impact of high-risk fertility behaviours on underfive mortality in Asia and Africa: evidence from Demographic and Health Surveys

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafi Amir-ud-Din ◽  
Lubna Naz ◽  
Aneela Rubi ◽  
Muhammad Usman ◽  
Umesh Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Birth Interval ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Index Child ◽  
Underfive Mortality ◽  
Age At Birth

Abstract Background Maternal age < 18 or > 34 years, short inter-pregnancy birth interval, and higher birth order are considered to be high-risk fertility behaviours (HRFB). Underfive mortality being disproportionately concentrated in Asia and Africa, this study analyses the association between HRFB and underfive mortality in selected Asian and African countries. Methods This study used Integrated Public Microdata Series-Demographic and Health Surveys (IPUMS-DHS) data from 32 countries in sub-Saharan Africa, Middle East, North Africa and South Asia from 1986 to 2017 (N = 1,467,728). Previous evidence hints at four markers of HRFB: women’s age at birth of index child < 18 or > 34 years, preceding birth interval < 24 months and child’s birth order > 3. Using logistic regression, we analysed change in the odds of underfive mortality as a result of i) exposure to HRFB individually, ii) exposure to any single HRFB risk factor, iii) exposure to multiple HRFB risk factors, and iv) exposure to specific combinations of HRFB risk factors. Results Mother’s age at birth of index child < 18 years and preceding birth interval (PBI) < 24 months were significant risk factors of underfive mortality, while a child’s birth order > 3 was a protective factor. Presence of any single HRFB was associated with 7% higher risk of underfive mortality (OR 1.07; 95% CI 1.04–1.09). Presence of multiple HRFBs was associated with 39% higher risk of underfive mortality (OR 1.39; 95% CI 1.36–1.43). Some specific combinations of HRFB such as maternal age < 18 years and preceding birth interval < 24 month significantly increased the odds of underfive mortality (OR 2.07; 95% CI 1.88–2.28). Conclusion Maternal age < 18 years and short preceding birth interval significantly increase the risk of underfive mortality. This highlights the need for an effective legislation to curb child marriages and increased public investment in reproductive healthcare with a focus on higher contraceptive use for optimal birth spacing.

Stillbirth Rate and Weight at Birth of Quintuplets in Japan

1989 ◽  
Vol 38 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Imaizumi
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Size Effects ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Stillbirth Rate ◽  
The Mean

AbstractNation-wide data in Japan on births and prenatal deaths of 16 sets of quintuplets during 1974-1985 were analysed. Among the 16 sets, 3 sets were liveborn, 8 were stillborn, and 5 were mixed, with a stillbirth rate of 0.64 (51/80). Effects of sex, maternal age and birth order on the stillbirth rate were not considered because of the small sample size. Effects of gestational age and birthweight on stillbirth rate were also examined. The mean weight of the 40 quintuplet individuals was 1,048 g.

scholarly journals The effect of sociodemographic variables on child-spacing in rural Saudi Arabia

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-140
Author(s):  
N. N. Al Nahedh
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Birth Interval ◽  
Predictor Variables ◽  
Marriage Education ◽  
Age At Marriage ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Child Spacing ◽  
Positive Factor

Adequate child-spacing is considered a positive factor in the health of mothers and their children. A house-to-house survey of 332 women in Al-Oyaynah village, Saudi Arabia was carried out in April and May of 1995 to determine the existing practice of child-spacing and factors influencing it. The variables examined included age of the mother, age at marriage, education, income, parity, type of infant-feeding and birth order. The age of the mother, age at marriage and education were significantly associated with the length of the birth interval. The current age of mother and her parity were found to be the only significant predictor variables of birth interval

Neural Tube Defects Decreasing in England

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 823-823
Author(s):  
J. R. Owens ◽  
F. Harris
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Tube Defects ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Recurrence Risk ◽  
Socioeconomic Group ◽  
Similar Decrease

Stein and colleagues1 report a steadily decreasing incidence of myelomeningocele in the Brooklyn area of New York from 1968 to 1979, and which was independent of maternal age, birth order, and socioeconomic group. We have recently demonstrated a similar decrease in incidence of all neural tube defects in the conurbation of Liverpool and Bootle which commenced in the early 1970s, and which was more marked in anencephalus than myelomeningocele.2 The decrease in incidence was not due to smaller affected families as the recurrence risk for the period 1961 to 1969 was similar to that for 1970 to 1979.

scholarly journals Associations between piglet umbilical blood hematological criteria, birth order, birth interval, colostrum intake, and piglet survival

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiah M Gourley ◽  
Joel M DeRouchey ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Steve S Dritz ◽  
Robert D Goodband ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Birth Interval ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Umbilical Cords ◽  
Piglet Survival

Abstract A total of 656 pigs (623 live-born and 33 stillborn) from 43 sows were used to evaluate hematological criteria at birth and their association with piglet survival. At birth of each piglet, birth time and order within the litter, weight, umbilical cord status (intact or ruptured) and whether the pig was live-born or stillborn were recorded. A 200µL sample of blood from the umbilical cord was collected and immediately analyzed for concentrations of glucose, oxygen partial pressure (pO2), carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO2), pH, base excess (BE), bicarbonate (HCO3), saturated oxygen (sO2), total carbon dioxide (TCO2), sodium, potassium, ionized calcium (iCa), hematocrit (Hct), and hemoglobin (Hb) on a hand held iStat portable clinical analyzer (iStat Alinity, Abbott Point of Care Inc., Princeton, NJ). Piglets were categorized into quartiles based on birth order and cumulative birth interval (CumBI). Live-born pigs had higher (P &lt; 0.01) umbilical cord blood pH, HCO3, BE, sO2, TCO2, and birth weight compared with stillborn pigs, but lower (P &lt; 0.01) pCO2, K, iCa, and glucose compared with stillborn pigs. Pigs with intact umbilical cords at birth were associated with higher (P &lt; 0.01) blood pH, HCO3, BE, and TCO2 compared with piglets born with a ruptured umbilical cord. Pigs with intact umbilical cords were associated with lower (P &lt; 0.01) Hct and Hb concentrations and born earlier (P &lt; 0.01) in the birth order compared with pigs born with a ruptured umbilical cord. Pigs that did not survive to weaning had lower (P &lt; 0.01) umbilical cord blood pH, HCO3, BE, sO2, TCO2, Na, glucose, and birth weight, and 24 hr weight compared with pigs alive at weaning. Pigs born in the first quartile for CumBI had higher (P &lt;0.05) pH compared with pigs in the other three quartiles. Umbilical cord blood HCO3, BE, and TCO2 decreased (P &lt;0.05) with each change in CumBI quartile from first to last. Blood glucose was lowest (P &lt;0.05) in pigs born before 44 min and highest in pigs born after 164 min. Umbilical cord blood pH, HCO3, BE, TCO2, Na, glucose, Hct, and Hb were positively associated (P &lt;0.001) with colostrum intake, indicating increased blood values resulted in higher colostrum intake. Although a pig may be live-born, their survival to 24 hr and to weaning is reduced when blood pH, HCO3, BE, and sO2 are lower reiterating the importance of management practices that can reduce the birth interval between pigs and the number of pigs experiencing moderate to severe hypoxia.

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