THE WOMAN IN THE NOVELS OF SAAD MOHAMMED RAHEEM

Women suffered - and as soon as they were removed - from the sway ‎of the patriarchal society, the domination of men over them and their ‎denial of achieving their independence, and the failure to take their ‎opinion on fateful decisions such as marriage, education, and work, ‎and that the novels of (Saad Muhammad Rahim) shed light on these ‎problems and other inferiority of their role. In public life, in addition ‎to the appearance of women in the society of novels (the research ‎material) in a stereotypical manner, as these novels did not give a ‎good space for women - Arab and Western - thought, literature and ‎culture, while his body recorded the presence of femininity in the ‎presence of a valuable cultural sting, revealing the patriarchal view ‎Towards the woman‎.

Centenarians in the Global South: A View from Ethiopia

As global aging advances, the number of centenarians worldwide is greatly increasing. Most of what is known about centenarians comes the Global North. It is not clear what factors contribute to longevity of centenarians in impoverished, mostly rural areas of Global South nations that still lack basic amenities. Cultural differences in the profile, lifestyles, and needs of centenarians in Africa have yet to be documented. Using a case study design, this descriptive inquiry investigated the profiles of centenarians in Ethiopia including religion, marriage, education, occupation, income, and living arrangement. Data were generated through in-depth interviews with nine centenarians (1 woman, 8 men) and were analyzed using descriptive narrative analysis. Respondents were between 100 and 108 years old. All nine were adherents of Orthodox Christianity, had been married, and were great-grandparents. Their adult lives were marked by both residential and marital stability. The Ethiopian centenarians persevered through many losses and hardships with the help of strong community-based social networks. Unlike studies of centenarians in the Global North, most respondents were male and had strict religious upbringings. Understanding the unique profiles of centenarians in the Global South will help to inform research and practice with this growing population of the oldest-old.

Profiles of Ethiopian centenarians: A qualitative inquiry

As global aging advances, the number of centenarians worldwide is greatly increasing. Most of what is known about centenarians comes the Global North. It is not clear what factors contribute to longevity of centenarians in impoverished, mostly rural areas of Global South nations that still lack basic amenities. Cultural differences in the profile, lifestyles, and needs of centenarians in Africa have yet to be documented. Using a case study design, this descriptive inquiry investigated the profiles of centenarians in Ethiopia including religion, marriage, education, occupation, income, and living arrangement. Data were generated through in-depth interviews with nine centenarians (1 woman, 8 men) and were analyzed using descriptive narrative analysis. Respondents were between 100 and 108 years old. All nine were adherents of Orthodox Christianity, had been married, and were great-grandparents. Their adult lives were marked by both residential and marital stability. The Ethiopian centenarians persevered through many losses and hardships with the help of strong community-based social networks.. Unlike studies of centenarians in the Global North, most respondents were male and had strict religious upbringings. Understanding the unique profiles of centenarians in the Global South will help to inform research and practice with this growing population of the oldest-old.

العوامل المؤثرة على مشاركة المرأة في اتخاذ القرارات الاسرية في مدينة الكوت (دراسة في جغرافية السكان)

تهدف الدراسة التعرف على أثر العوامل الديموغرافية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية على مشاركة المرأة في القرارات الاسرية في مدينة الكوت ومنها التركيب العمري للزوج والزوجة والعمر عند الزواج والتحصيل الدراسي للزوجين ومهنة المرأة وحجم الأسرة وغيرها من العوامل الأخرى, وركزت الدراسة على القرارات المتعلقة بتعليم المرأة وتعليم ابنائها وقرارات بشأن عمل المرأة وتنظيم ميزانية الأسرة وقرارات اخرى تخص الصحة الانجابية للمرأة. واعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي والتحليلي والاسلوب الكمي وتم الاعتماد عدد من الاساليب الاحصائية مثل مربع كاي ومعامل ارتباط سبيرمان للكشف عن الارتباط بين بعض خصائص المرأة وقدرتها على اتخاذ القرارات الأسرية . الكلمات المفتاحية :- اثر-العوامل الديموغرافية-العوامل الاقتصادية- العوامل الاجتماعية-القرارات الاسرية. The Effect of Demographic, Economic and Social Factors on Women's Participation in in Famil Decision – making in Kut: A Study in the Geography of Population Lecturer: Amel Otaiwi Abbas (PhD) General Directorate of Education / Wasit / IRAQ E-Mail: [email protected] Abstract تهدف الدراسة التعرف على أثر العوامل الديموغرافية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية على مشاركة المرأة في القرارات الاسرية في مدينة الكوت ومنها التركيب العمري للزوج والزوجة والعمر عند الزواج والتحصيل الدراسي للزوجين ومهنة المرأة وحجم الأسرة وغيرها من العوامل الأخرى, وركزت الدراسة على القرارات المتعلقة بتعليم المرأة وتعليم ابنائها وقرارات بشأن عمل المرأة وتنظيم ميزانية الأسرة وقرارات اخرى تخص الصحة الانجابية للمرأة. واعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي والتحليلي والاسلوب الكمي وتم الاعتماد عدد من الاساليب الاحصائية مثل مربع كاي ومعامل ارتباط سبيرمان للكشف عن الارتباط بين بعض خصائص المرأة وقدرتها على اتخاذ القرارات الأسرية . الكلمات المفتاحية :- اثر-العوامل الديموغرافية-العوامل الاقتصادية- العوامل الاجتماعية-القرارات الاسرية. Abstract The present study seeks to investigate the effect of demographic, economic and social factors on the women's participation in family decision-making in the city of Kut, including the age group of both the husband and wife, age at the time of marriage, education of the spouses, women's profession, size of family, etc. The study has focused attention on those decisions related to women's education and educating their sons as well as decisions relevant to the work of women, regulating family budget and other related decisions with reproductive health of women. It is worthy to mention that the present study has adopted the descriptive and analytic approach, together with the qualitative method. Additionally, a number of statistical methods has been utilized, like: Qi-Square, Pearson Correlation Coefficient to reveal the association between some characteristics of women and their ability to make family It is worthy to mention that the present study has adopted the descriptive and analytic approach, together with the qualitative method. Additionally, a number of statistical methods has been utilized, like: Qi-Square, Pearson Correlation Coefficient to reveal the association between some characteristics of women and their ability to make family

EMBODIMENT, GENDER AND IDENTITY: A STUDY OF VIRGINIA WOOLF’S THREE GUINEAS

— Virginia Woolf’s Three Guineas, highlights the themes of profession, war, marriage, education and the response of the writer towards these heads firstly from the perspective of male hegemonic ideology and subsequently moans the discussion towards the female perception. Virginia Woolf considers both the sexes and emphasizes the differences in the manner in which a male, from a patriarchal social order looks at war and a female of the same strata perceive it. She confers the freedom of an educated man’s son with the limitation imposed on the daughter of the same educated class man. The writing done by the female writer, on topics, usually associated with the male sex, (on the basis of the hegemonic ideology) creates a new type of ideology that comment on the attributes attached to a body and in what sense the stereotypical notions of prevalent ideology put limits on that body to follow certain set of attributes. The paper explores the distinct perspective of female writer who is trying to present the differences and similarities of both the sexes by comparing their current role in different spheres of social and political framework. The paper seeks for the need of freeing the body of female from the fixed roles attached to it and thus shatters the phallocentric limitations imposed on female sex in context to war, education, marriage and profession.

Does Marriage Require Knowledge? Experiences of Women Participating in Pre-Marriage Education

Today the phenomenon of getting married at a young age is rising and shown through social media. According to Islamic religious rules, there are many pros and contras against this phenomenon, especially related to marriage. It has led to various pre-marriage educational programs as a means of understanding and preparing for marriage. This study aimed to explore the experiences of a single woman in emerging adulthood who participates in Pre-Marriage Talk Class. This study used a qualitative approach with the snowball sampling technique. A total of 5 respondents participated in this study, and data were collected through an online interview. The respondent’s answers were then analyzed thematically. The results showed that Pre-Marriage Talk Class provides additional knowledge, awareness, and mindset to participants, including 1) knowledge about the age of marriage; 2) knowledge about the vision and mission of getting married; 3) awareness of knowing the self; 4) knowledge of managing the self and environment, and 5) changing mindset. From the results, we can conclude that Pre-Marriage Talk Class is a suitable program for emerging adults who want to gain knowledge and skills related to themselves, how to manage self and environment, as well as an overview of the dynamics of married life that can be anticipated

Islam Kejawen: Lahirnya akulturasi Islam dengan budaya Jawa di Yogyakarta

Islam entered Nusantara through several routes, including trade, marriage, education, preaching, etc. Java itself is one of the regions in the archipelago where Islam is spreading. Before getting to know Islam, Javanese people had previously embraced animism and dynamism, Hinduism-Buddhism, and then entered Islam, which in the process of spreading Islam made people's lives begin to change for the better. Islam can be accepted by the Javanese people, but even though they have changed their beliefs to embrace Islam, in fact various kinds of cultures and traditions from their previous ancestors are still firmly held and carried out by the Javanese people. The conditions that occurred in the Javanese people made them feel like living by adhering to two religions, where the teachings of their ancestors and the teachings of Islam were brought together and created a new acculturation. This cultural mixing between Islam and the native culture of the Javanese people is known as Islam Kejawen, which was born in Java, one of which is Yogyakarta, Central Java. Islam masuk ke Nusantara melalui beberapa jalur, di antaranya perdagangan, pernikahan, pendidikan, dakwah, dll. Jawa sendiri menjadi salah satu wilayah di Nusantara yang menjadi lokasi persebaran Islam. Sebelum mengenal agama Islam, masyarakat Jawa sebelumnya telah menganut kepercayaan animisme dan dinamisme, Hindu-Buddha, dan kemudian masuklah agama Islam, dimana pada proses menyebarnya Islam tersebut yang menjadikan kehidupan masyarakatnya mulai berubah ke arah yang lebih baik. Agama Islam dapat diterima oleh masyarakat Jawa, namun meskipun telah merubah kepercayaan mereka untuk menganut agama Islam, nyatanya berbagai macam kebudayaan serta tradisi dari para leluhur terdahulu masih dipegang teguh dan dilaksanakan oleh masyarakat Jawa. Kondisi yang terjadi pada masyarakat Jawa tersebut membuat mereka seperti hidup dengan menganut dua agama, dimana ajaran-ajaran dari para leluhur serta ajaran agama Islam dipertemukan dan menciptakan akulturasi baru. Percampuran budaya antara agama Islam dengan kebudayaan asli masyarakat Jawa itulah yang disebut sebagai Islam Kejawen, yang lahir di Jawa, salah satunya yaitu di Yogyakarta, Jawa Tengah.

Factors Affecting Toddlers'Development In Pamekasan Regency

Toddlers require basic needs – stimulation, love, and care – in the process of growth and development. Parents, especially mothers, are the most important factors in performing these three tasks: honing, loving, and fostering. The mother's physical and psychological conditions, including the mother's age at marriage, education, and stimulation, will impact children's development. This study aims to determine the factors that influence toddlers' development in the Pamekasan Regency. The research method used was descriptive-analytic, with a retrospective design. This study consisted of 110 mothers with toddlers by fixed exposure sampling in Waru, Batu Marmar, and Pasen Public Health Center. The dependent variable was the toddlers' development. The independent variables were the mother's age at marriage, family income, stimulation, mother's LILA during pregnancy, and birth weight. The analysis used the path analysis method. The results showed that the toddlers' development was influenced by the mother's age at marriage (b = 0.07, SE = 0.02, p = 0.001), family stimulation (b = 0.02, SE = 0.01, p = <0.001) and birth weight (b = 0.00, SE = 0.00, p = 0.373). This study concludes that maternal marriage age, family stimulation, and birth weight affect toddlers' development.

Online Marriage Education During COVID-19 Home Lockdown: A Multiple-Baseline Single-Case Experimental Design

Flexible-delivery marriage education (ME) has many advantages over traditional alternatives in reaching couples during the time of COVID-19 lockdown or other national emergencies. In an effort to add to the research of flexible-delivery ME, this exploratory study evaluated an online class adapted from an empirically-validated, marriage curriculum (Four Gifts of Love Class, [FGL]) under home lockdown conditions lasting over 2 months caused by COVID-19 government restrictions. Using a concurrent multiple-baseline single-case experimental design, three distressed couples residing in the Philippines completed seven online lessons over 7 weeks while experiencing home lockdown. Visual analysis of the data suggested that all three couples responded positively to the intervention. The Tau-U and SMDall analyses for each couple ranged from a small to large effect size on measures of marital adjustment (weighted average Tau-U = .50, p < .05; BC-SMD = 0.34) and romantic love (weighted average Tau-U = .52, p < .01; BC-SMD = 0.31), with increases reaching clinical and statistical significance for one couple out of the three. In addition, there was no attrition. The promising results from this preliminary study suggested that the online adaptation of FGL as a flexible-delivery ME could mitigate marital decline, especially during times of calamity when traditional-delivery ME is unavailable and marital decline is predicted. Further study of this program and other online ME programs are recommended to expand the limited research in this area of flexible-delivery ME.