1175Work stress and loss of years lived without chronic disease; an 18-year prospective cohort study

Abstract Background Aim: To examine the association of work stress with future chronic disease incidence and loss of chronic disease-free life years in the Danish workforce. Method A population-based prospective register-based cohort study of all employees aged 30-59 in 2000 in Denmark, without chronic diseases at baseline (n = 1,592,491). Using job exposure matrices, we assessed exposure to work stress by a combined measure of job strain and effort-reward imbalance. We estimated the risk of incident hospital-diagnosed chronic disease or death (i.e., type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, cancer, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure, and dementia) during 18 years of follow-up and corresponding chronic disease-free life expectancy. Results Individuals working in occupations with high risk of both job strain and effort-reward imbalance had a slightly higher risk of future incident chronic disease compared to those in occupations with low risk of both stressors. The hazard ratio was 1.04 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.05) in women and 1.12 (95% CI 1.11 to 1.14) in men. The corresponding loss in chronic disease-free life expectancy was 0.25 years in women and 0.84 years in men. Conclusion Working in occupations with a high risk of work stress was associated with a small loss of years lived without chronic disease compared to working in occupations with low risk of work stress. Key messages According to our findings, employees in occupations with high risk of work stress live slightly shorter lives free of chronic diseases compared to employees in occupations with low risk of work stress.

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Work Stress and Loss of Years Lived Without Chronic Disease: an 18-year Follow-up of 1.5 Million Employees in Denmark

10.21203/rs.3.rs-818079/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jeppe Karl Sørensen ◽

Elisabeth Framke ◽

Jacob Pedersen ◽

Kristina Alexanderson ◽

Jens P. Bonde ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Disease ◽

Life Expectancy ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Work Stress ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

High Stress ◽

Health Behaviours ◽

Life Years ◽

Disease Free

Abstract We aimed to examine the association between exposure to work stress and chronic disease incidence and loss of chronic disease-free life years in the Danish workforce. The study population included 1,592,491 employees, aged 30 to 59 in 2000 and without prevalent chronic diseases. We assessed work stress as the combination of job strain and effort-reward imbalance using job exposure matrices. We used Cox regressions to estimate risk of incident hospital-diagnoses or death of chronic diseases (i.e., type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, cancer, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure, and dementia) during 18 years of follow-up and calculated corresponding chronic disease-free life expectancy from age 30 to age 75. Individuals working in occupations with high prevalence of work stress had a higher risk of incident chronic disease compared to those in occupations with low prevalence of work stress (women: HR 1.04 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.05), men: HR 1.12 (95% CI 1.11 to 1.14)). The corresponding loss in chronic disease-free life expectancy was 0.25 (95% CI -0.10 to 0.60) and 0.84 (95% CI 0.56 to 1.11) years in women and men, respectively. Additional adjustment for health behaviours attenuated these associations among men. We conclude that men working in high-stress occupations have a small loss of years lived without chronic disease compared to men working in low-stress occupations. This finding appeared to be partially attributable to harmful health behaviours. In women, high work stress indicated a very small and statistically non-significant loss of years lived without chronic disease.

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Work stress on rise? Comparative analysis of trends in work stressors using the European working conditions survey

International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health ◽

10.1007/s00420-020-01593-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

M. Rigó ◽

N. Dragano ◽

M. Wahrendorf ◽

J. Siegrist ◽

T. Lunau

Keyword(s):

Work Stress ◽

Working Conditions ◽

Job Strain ◽

Work Stressors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

European Working ◽

Effort Reward Imbalance ◽

European Working Conditions Survey ◽

Reward Imbalance ◽

Stress At Work

Abstract Objective The rapid transformation of labor markets has been accompanied by the belief of rising stress at work. However, empirical evidence on such trends based on reliable survey data is scarce. This study analyzes long-term trends in well-established measures of work stressors across Europe, as well as potential occupational differences. Methods We use repeated cross-sectional data of 15 European countries from waves 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015 of the European Working Conditions Surveys. We apply three-way multilevel regressions (with employees nested in country-years, which are in turn nested in countries) to analyze trends in work stressors measured according to the demand-control and effort-reward imbalance models. Trends by occupational groups are also assessed. Results Our findings suggest that work stress generally increased from 1995 to 2015, and that the increase was mostly driven by psychological demands. People working in lower-skilled occupations had generally higher levels of job strain and effort-reward imbalance, as well as they tend to have a steeper increase in job strain than people working in higher-skilled occupations. Most of the change occurred from 1995 to 2005. Conclusion Our results indicate that work stress has been on rise since 1995, specifically for people working in disadvantageous occupations. This directs the attention to the vulnerable position of the least skilled and also to the use of preventive measures to counteract some of the disadvantages experienced by this occupational group.

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O2B.1 What psychosocial factors at work are associated to workplace bullying? A study with judiciary brazilian civil servants from southern brazil

Occupational and Environmental Medicine ◽

10.1136/oem-2019-epi.37 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 76 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. A14.2-A14

Author(s):

Fernando Feijó ◽

Anaclaudia Fassa ◽

Neil Pearce

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Psychosocial Factors ◽

Poisson Regression ◽

Workplace Bullying ◽

Safety Climate ◽

Job Strain ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Effort Reward Imbalance ◽

Reward Imbalance ◽

High Effort

IntroductionWorkplace bullying has been currently described as one of the main psychosocial factors at work, with negative impact on health. Its causes and antecedents have been increasingly discussed by researchers, although there is still a lack of epidemiological evidence on the phenomenon. Therefore we aimed to evaluate the association between other psychosocial factors at work and bullying in a sample of Judiciary Brazilian Civil Servants.MethodsCross-sectional study with a sample of 1667 workers from the Federal Judiciary in southern Brazil. We used the Psychosocial Safety Climate Scale (PSC-12), the Job Stress Scale (JSS) and the Effort-Reward Imbalance Scale Scale(ERI) in order to evaluate psychosocial antecedents of bullying at work. The Negative Acts Questionnaire (NAQ-r) was used to measure bullying. Poisson regression was used to test associations between bullying and psychosocial factors.ResultsThe overall prevalence of bullying (exposure to a weekly negative act) was 17.7%. High risk Psychosocial Safety Climate, High Job Strain and High Effort-Reward Imbalance increased the prevalence of bullying in 3.14 (CI 2.20–4.49), 5.68 (CI 3.86–8.35) and 4.12 (3.05–5.57) times, respectively. The Poisson Regression model including all psychosocial risks showed that all psychosocial factors were strongly and independently associated with bullying (p<0.001). High risk psychosocial safety climate was associated with a 82% higher prevalence of bullying, while high job strain and high effort-reward imbalance were associated with a 172% and 140%, respectively, higher prevalence of bullying.DiscussionThese findings corroborate the hypothesis that social and organizational factors at work are key determinants of workplace bullying. Interventions to target bullying and protect workers health should focus on work organization and work processes.

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Clustering of job strain, effort−reward imbalance, and organizational injustice and the risk of work disability: a cohort study

Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health ◽

10.5271/sjweh.3736 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 44 (5) ◽

pp. 485-495 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Anne Juvani ◽

Tuula la Oksanen ◽

Marianna Virtanen ◽

Paula Salo ◽

Jaana Pentti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Work Disability ◽

Job Strain ◽

Effort Reward Imbalance ◽

Reward Imbalance ◽

Organizational Injustice

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Job strain and loss of healthy life years between ages 50 and 75 by sex and occupational position: analyses of 64 934 individuals from four prospective cohort studies

Occupational and Environmental Medicine ◽

10.1136/oemed-2017-104644 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 75 (7) ◽

pp. 486-493 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Linda L Magnusson Hanson ◽

Hugo Westerlund ◽

Holendro S Chungkham ◽

Jussi Vahtera ◽

Naja H Rod ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Disease ◽

Life Expectancy ◽

Working Conditions ◽

Job Strain ◽

Health Expectancy ◽

Low Grade ◽

Occupational Position ◽

Psychosocial Working Conditions ◽

Life Years ◽

Disease Free

ObjectivesPoor psychosocial working conditions increase the likelihood of various types of morbidity and may substantially limit quality of life and possibilities to remain in paid work. To date, however, no studies to our knowledge have quantified the extent to which poor psychosocial working conditions reduce healthy or chronic disease-free life expectancy, which was the focus of this study.MethodsData were derived from four cohorts with repeat data: the Finnish Public Sector Study (Finland), GAZEL (France), the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (Sweden) and Whitehall II (UK). Healthy (in good self-rated health) life expectancy (HLE) and chronic disease-free (free from cardiovascular disease, cancer, respiratory disease and diabetes) life expectancy (CDFLE) was calculated from age 50 to 75 based on 64 394 individuals with data on job strain (high demands in combination with low control) at baseline and health at baseline and follow-up.ResultsMultistate life table models showed that job strain was consistently related to shorter HLE (overall 1.7 years difference). The difference in HLE was more pronounced among men (2.0 years compared with 1.5 years for women) and participants in lower occupational positions (2.5 years among low-grade men compared with 1.7 years among high-grade men). Similar differences in HLE, although smaller, were observed among those in intermediate or high occupational positions. Job strain was additionally associated with shorter CDFLE, although this association was weaker and somewhat inconsistent.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that individuals with job strain have a shorter health expectancy compared with those without job strain.

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