Abnormalities of Morning Serum Cortisol Levels and Circadian Rhythms of CD4+ Lymphocyte Counts in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Adult Patients

1992 ◽  
Vol 165 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Malone ◽  
E. C. Oldfield ◽  
K. F. Wagner ◽  
T. E. Simms ◽  
R. Daly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Morning Serum Cortisol ◽  
Infected Adult ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte

scholarly journals Subtypes of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Disease Stage among Women in Nairobi, Kenya

1999 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 4393-4403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel R. Neilson ◽  
Grace C. John ◽  
Jean K. Carr ◽  
Paul Lewis ◽  
Joan K. Kreiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Subtype C ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte ◽  
Subtype A ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT In sub-Saharan Africa, where the effects of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) have been most devastating, there are multiple subtypes of this virus. The distribution of different subtypes within African populations is generally not linked to particular risk behaviors. Thus, Africa is an ideal setting in which to examine the diversity and mixing of viruses from different subtypes on a population basis. In this setting, it is also possible to address whether infection with a particular subtype is associated with differences in disease stage. To address these questions, we analyzed the HIV-1 subtype, plasma viral loads, and CD4 lymphocyte levels in 320 women from Nairobi, Kenya. Subtype was determined by a combination of heteroduplex mobility assays and sequence analyses of envelope genes, using geographically diverse subtype reference sequences as well as envelope sequences of known subtype from Kenya. The distribution of subtypes in this population was as follows: subtype A, 225 (70.3%); subtype D, 65 (20.5%); subtype C, 22 (6.9%); and subtype G, 1 (0.3%). Intersubtype recombinant envelope genes were detected in 2.2% of the sequences analyzed. Given that the sequences analyzed represented only a small fraction of the proviral genome, this suggests that intersubtype recombinant viral genomes may be very common in Kenya and in other parts of Africa where there are multiple subtypes. The plasma viral RNA levels were highest in women infected with subtype C virus, and women infected with subtype C virus had significantly lower CD4 lymphocyte levels than women infected with the other subtypes. Together, these data suggest that women in Kenya who are infected with subtype C viruses are at more advanced stages of immunosuppression than women infected with subtype A or D. There are at least two models to explain the data from this cross-sectional study; one is that infection with subtype C is associated with a more rapid disease progression, and the second is that subtype C represents an older epidemic in Kenya. Discriminating between these possibilities in a longitudinal study will be important for increasing our understanding of the role of specific subtypes in the transmission and pathogenesis of HIV-1.

Evalution of Secular Trends in CD4+ Lymphocyte Loss among Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1)-infected Men with Known Dates of Seroconversion

1995 ◽  
Vol 142 (6) ◽  
pp. 636-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. O'Brien ◽  
Donald R. Hoover ◽  
Philip S. Rosenberg ◽  
Baibai Chen ◽  
Roger Detels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Secular Trends ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Effects of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 on CD4 lymphocyte subset activation

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1879-1889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Masci ◽  
Francisca Lago Paz ◽  
Adriana Borriello ◽  
Silvana Cassano ◽  
Valentina Della Pietra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Lymphocyte Subset ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte
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