Effect of High-Dose Dexamethasone on the Outcome of Acute Encephalitis Due to Japanese Encephalitis Virus

1992 ◽  
Vol 165 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Hoke ◽  
D. W. Vaughn ◽  
A. Nisalak ◽  
P. Intralawan ◽  
S. Poolsuppasit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
High Dose ◽  
High Dose Dexamethasone ◽  
Acute Encephalitis

scholarly journals Incidence of Japanese encephalitis virus among patients presenting with acute encephalitis syndrome in a tertiary care hospital, West Bengal, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 5947
Author(s):  
Arup Roy ◽  
Poulami Saha ◽  
Asraful Islam ◽  
Rajdeep Saha ◽  
Abhishek Sengupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Acute Encephalitis Syndrome ◽  
Acute Encephalitis

Background: Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a flavivirus related to dengue, yellow fever and West Nile viruses, and is spread by mosquitoes. JEV is the main cause of viral encephalitis in many countries of Asia with an estimated 68000 clinical cases every year. Although symptomatic Japanese encephalitis (JE) is rare, the case-fatality rate among those with encephalitis can be as high as 30%. Permanent neurologic or psychiatric sequelae can occur in 30-50% of those with encephalitis. This study was conducted to find the incidence of JEV IgM in patients presenting with acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) in Raiganj govt. medical college and hospital, Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal, India.Methods: Blood and CSF samples were collected from patients presenting with AES. IgM antibody capture ELISA was performed on the CSF and serum samples by JE virus MAC ELISA kit.Results: The overall prevalence of JEV IgM was 13.8%. Among the positive cases male comprised of 71.4% and female 28.5%. The most common age group affected was above 16 years of age. JEV prevalence was present throughout the year with high number of cases between the monsoon and post monsoon seasons.Conclusions: This study demonstrates the endemicity of JEV in Uttar Dinajpur district of West Bengal, India. As most of the JE cases are asymptomatic strengthening the existing surveillance system is required to find out the actual scenario of JEV in West Bengal. Control of vectors, early diagnosis and treatment, vaccinations are the key to decrease the morbidity and mortality caused by JEV. 

scholarly journals Japanese Encephalitis Virus as Cause of Acute Encephalitis, Bhutan

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2239-2242
Author(s):  
Sonam Wangchuk ◽  
Tshewang Dorji Tamang ◽  
Jit Bahadur Darnal ◽  
Sonam Pelden ◽  
Karma Lhazeen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Acute Encephalitis

scholarly journals CASE REPORTS OF JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS:AN UNDERDIAGNOSED ENTITY IN AN ENDEMIC REGION OF UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 533-536
Author(s):  
Hiba Sami ◽  
◽  
Shariq Wadood Khan ◽  
Farogh Hassan ◽  
Zeeshan Mustafa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Emerging Viruses ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Acute Encephalitis Syndrome ◽  
Acute Encephalitis

Emerging viruses causing Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) can be more damaging due to irreversible brain damage, irrespective of the identical medical characteristics created by all agents. We report two cases of acute encephalitis syndrome caused by Japanese encephalitis virus from a usually under-reported geographic region of India. Both patients were managed conservatively with favourable outcome in one of them.There should be considerable effort to identify the particular causative agent that triggers AES, bearing in mind the various clinical manifestations of Japanese encephalitis virus. Although there is no significant impact on management, it is possible to prevent transmission to healthy contacts and the community through vector control and vaccination.

scholarly journals Immunogenicity and Protective Ability of Genotype I-Based Recombinant Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) with Attenuation Mutations in E Protein against Genotype V JEV

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1077
Author(s):  
Shigeru Tajima ◽  
Satoshi Taniguchi ◽  
Eri Nakayama ◽  
Takahiro Maeki ◽  
Takuya Inagaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Genotype I ◽  
E Region ◽  
Challenge Tests ◽  
Genotype V

Genotype V (GV) Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) has emerged in Korea and China since 2009. Recent findings suggest that current Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccines may reduce the ability to induce neutralizing antibodies against GV JEV compared to other genotypes. This study sought to produce a novel live attenuated JE vaccine with a high efficacy against GV JEV. Genotype I (GI)-GV intertypic recombinant strain rJEV-EXZ0934-M41 (EXZ0934), in which the E region of the GI Mie/41/2002 strain was replaced with that of GV strain XZ0934, was introduced with the same 10 attenuation substitutions in the E region found in the live attenuated JE vaccine strain SA 14-14-2 to produce a novel mutant virus rJEV-EXZ/SA14142m-M41 (EXZ/SA14142m). In addition, another mutant rJEV-EM41/SA14142m-M41 (EM41/SA14142m), which has the same substitutions in the Mie/41/2002, was also produced. The neuroinvasiveness and neurovirulence of the two mutant viruses were significantly reduced in mice. The mutant viruses induced neutralizing antibodies against GV JEV in mice. The growth of EXZ/SA14142m was lower than that of EM41/SA14142m. In mouse challenge tests, a single inoculation with a high dose of the mutants blocked lethal GV JEV infections; however, the protective efficacy of EXZ/SA14142m was weaker than that of EM41/SA14142m in low-dose inoculations. The lower protection potency of EXZ/SA14142m may be ascribed to the reduced growth ability caused by the attenuation mutations.

scholarly journals Investigation of Japanese encephalitis virus as a cause of acute encephalitis in southern Pakistan, April 2015–January 2018

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. e0234584
Author(s):  
Tazeen Fatima ◽  
Abida Rais ◽  
Erum Khan ◽  
Susan L. Hills ◽  
Trudy V. Chambers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Acute Encephalitis

scholarly journals Clinical profile and outcome of acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) patients treated in College of Medical Sciences-Teaching Hospital

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Lekhjung J Thapa ◽  
RS Twayana ◽  
R Shilpakar ◽  
MR Ghimire ◽  
A Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Acute Encephalitis Syndrome ◽  
Acute Encephalitis

Objective: Acute encephalitis syndrome is a cause of significant morbidity and mortality in Nepal. Although Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) was thought to be a major cause for acute encephalitis syndrome, more non-Japanese encephalitis virus cases are reported. The outcome of patients with acute encephalitis syndrome is variable. Our study was designed to study the clinical profile and outcome of patients with acute encephalitis syndrome managed in tertiary care center in central Nepal. Methods: The record of patients admitted with diagnosis of acute encephalitis syndrome,from January 2010 to December 2010 in College of Medical Sciences-Teaching Hospital (CMS-TH) was reviewed. They were classified clinically as meningitis, encephalitis and meningoencephalitis. The clinical details and reports of the patients were recorded and analyzed. Results: Total of 85 cases of meningitis and encephalitis were identified. Mean age was 19.18 years. Fifty-six (65.9%) patients were males and 29 (34.1%) were females. Sixty (70.58%) patients had meningitis, 8 (9.41%) had encephalitis, and 17 (20.0%) had meningoencephalitis. JE serology was positive in 4 patients (4.7%). Seventy-two (84.7%) patients made full recovery and were discharged from hospital. Thirteen (15.3%) patients left against medical advice (LAMA). Conclusion: Acute encephalitis syndrome is still a major public health problem in Nepal. Few of these patients have Japanese Encephalitis. There is a trend towards improved outcome because of availability of improved health services. However, financial constraint remains a challenge in management of acute encephalitis syndrome. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2013, Vol-9, No-2, 31-37 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v9i2.9685

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