scholarly journals Does the use of antimicrobial agents in veterinary medicine and animal husbandry select antibiotic-resistant bacteria that infect man and compromise antimicrobial chemotherapy?

1996 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAURA J. V. PIDDOCK
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Antimicrobial Chemotherapy ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant

scholarly journals Multiresistant Bacteria Isolated from Intestinal Faeces of Farm Animals in Austria

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 466
Author(s):  
Herbert Galler ◽  
Josefa Luxner ◽  
Christian Petternel ◽  
Franz F. Reinthaler ◽  
Juliana Habib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Products ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Multiresistant Bacteria ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

In recent years, antibiotic-resistant bacteria with an impact on human health, such as extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-containing Enterobacteriaceae, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE), have become more common in food. This is due to the use of antibiotics in animal husbandry, which leads to the promotion of antibiotic resistance and thus also makes food a source of such resistant bacteria. Most studies dealing with this issue usually focus on the animals or processed food products to examine the antibiotic resistant bacteria. This study investigated the intestine as another main habitat besides the skin for multiresistant bacteria. For this purpose, faeces samples were taken directly from the intestines of swine (n = 71) and broiler (n = 100) during the slaughter process and analysed. All samples were from animals fed in Austria and slaughtered in Austrian slaughterhouses for food production. The samples were examined for the presence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, MRSA, MRCoNS and VRE. The resistance genes of the isolated bacteria were detected and sequenced by PCR. Phenotypic ESBL-producing Escherichia coli could be isolated in 10% of broiler casings (10 out of 100) and 43.6% of swine casings (31 out of 71). In line with previous studies, the results of this study showed that CTX-M-1 was the dominant ESBL produced by E. coli from swine (n = 25, 83.3%) and SHV-12 from broilers (n = 13, 81.3%). Overall, the frequency of positive samples with multidrug-resistant bacteria was lower than in most comparable studies focusing on meat products.

Recent Advances in Peptide Nucleic Acids as Antibacterial Agents

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Chen ◽  
Bo Dong ◽  
Wenen Liu ◽  
Zhengchun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Hybrid Complex

: The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the slow progress in searching for new antimicrobial agents make it hard to treat bacterial infections and cause problems for the healthcare system worldwide, including high costs, prolonged hospitalizations, and increased mortality. Therefore, the discovery of effective antibacterial agents is of great importance. One attractive alternative is antisense peptide nucleic acid (PNA), which inhibits or eliminates gene expression by binding to the complementary messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence of essential genes or the accessible and functionally important regions of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Following 30 years of development, PNAs have played an extremely important role in the treatment of Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and acidfast bacteria due to their desirable stability of hybrid complex with target RNA, the strong affinity for target mRNA/rRNA, and the stability against nucleases. PNA-based antisense antibiotics can strongly inhibit the growth of pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant bacteria in a sequence-specific and dose-dependent manner at micromolar concentrations. However, several fundamental challenges, such as intracellular delivery, solubility, physiological stability, and clearance, still need to be addressed before PNAs become broadly applicable in clinical settings. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in PNAs as antibacterial agents and the challenges that need to be overcome in the future.

Misuse of Antibiotics and the Dissemination of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria in the Community

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-106
Author(s):  
Cassandra Sturgeon Delia
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Medical Professional ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Behavioural Factors

A crucial issue that threatens humanity worldwide, is the misuse of antibiotics (Marquard & Li, 2018). However, the terms misuse and overuse of antibiotics are widely misunderstood, as many assume that antibiotics are only acquired directly through a prescription by a medical professional. The reality of the situation is much more complex, and many do not realise the indirect intake through ingestion with food (Philips et al., 2003) and recreational actions (Schwartz et al., 2003). Moreover, such information is kept out of the limelight, keeping the community unaware of this pressing issue. Antibiotic resistance is escalating globally as social behaviour is leading to selective pressure creating resistant strains of bacteria through excessive exploitation of antibiotics (Okeke & Edelman, 1999). This article aims to address the mechanisms of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the link to healthy individuals’ gut flora, creating asymptomatic carriers within the community. Since many students at MCAST are undertaking courses that may aid in the transportation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, such as animal husbandry, they need to be aware of bacterial strains found in farm animals, which pose a potential risk to humans via the food chain. Students undergoing courses that lead to health-related work, seeking future employment in a clinical setting, also need to be aware of the threat antibiotic-resistant pathogens pose to humans advancing from a clinical setting to the community. Persons working within such industries need to understand both how pathogens gain resistance, and how they spread, to apprehend methods of avoiding transmission. This study endeavours to increase local awareness within the community, and avoid this socioeconomic threat, by addressing behavioural factors.

scholarly journals Effect of Sunlight on the Efficacy of Commercial Antibiotics Used in Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian J. Khan ◽  
Amanda M. Osborn ◽  
Prahathees J. Eswara
Keyword(s):  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Citrus Greening ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Citrus Greening Disease ◽  
Greening Disease ◽  
Diffusion Assay

Antibiotic stewardship is of paramount importance to limit the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in not only hospital settings, but also in animal husbandry, aquaculture, and agricultural sectors. Currently, large quantities of antibiotics are applied to treat agricultural diseases like citrus greening disease (CGD). The two commonly used antibiotics approved for this purpose are streptomycin and oxytetracycline. Although investigations are ongoing to understand how efficient this process is to control the spread of CGD, to our knowledge, there have been no studies that evaluate the effect of environmental factors such as sunlight on the efficacy of the above-mentioned antibiotics. We conducted a simple disc-diffusion assay to study the efficacy of streptomycin and oxytetracycline after exposure to sunlight for 7- or 14-day periods using Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis as the representative strains of Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, respectively. Freshly prepared discs and discs stored in the dark for 7 or 14 days served as our controls. We show that the antibiotic potential of oxytetracycline exposed to sunlight dramatically decreases over the course of 14 days against both E. coli and B. subtilis. However, the effectiveness of streptomycin was only moderately impacted by sunlight. It is important to note that antibiotics that last longer in the environment may play a deleterious role in the rise and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Further studies are needed to substantively analyze the safety and efficacy of antibiotics used for broader environmental applications.

scholarly journals Effect of sunlight on the efficacy of commercial antibiotics used in agriculture

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Khan ◽  
Amanda Osborn ◽  
Prahathees J. Eswara
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Selective Pressure ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Citrus Greening Disease ◽  
Mode Of Application ◽  
Diffusion Assay

ABSTRACTAntibiotic stewardship is of paramount importance to limit the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in not only hospital settings, but also in animal husbandry, aquaculture, and agricultural sectors. Currently, large quantities of antibiotics are applied to treat agricultural diseases like citrus greening disease (CGD). The two commonly used antibiotics approved for this purpose are streptomycin and oxytetracycline. Although investigations are ongoing to understand how efficient this process is to control the spread of CGD, to our knowledge, there have been no studies that evaluate the effect of environmental factors such as sunlight on the efficacy of the above-mentioned antibiotics. We conducted a simple disc-diffusion assay to study the efficacy of streptomycin and oxytetracycline after exposure to sunlight for 7- or 14-day periods using Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis as the representative strains of Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms respectively. Freshly prepared discs and discs stored in the dark for 7 or 14 days served as our controls. We show that the antibiotic potential of oxytetracycline exposed to sunlight dramatically decreases over the course of 14 days against both E. coli and B. subtilis. However, the effectiveness of streptomycin was only moderately impacted by sunlight. It is important to note that antibiotics that last longer in the environment may play a deleterious role in the rise and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Further studies are needed to substantively analyze the safety and efficacy of antibiotics used for broader environmental applications.IMPORTANCEAlthough antibiotics have been used for agricultural purposes for decades, due to the rapid rise in antibiotic resistance this usage needs to be revisited. Questions remain on the appropriate mode of application of antibiotics and the actual benefits of using antibiotics for treating the infections caused by plant pathogens, especially for the ones that are intracellular in nature. Here we show that the two commonly used commercial antibiotics, oxytetracycline and streptomycin, lose their efficacy at different rates in the presence of sunlight. While the former loses its potency within days the latter remains active for many days. Thus, oxytetracycline may not be active long enough to produce desired effect and streptomycin may persist in the environment and as a side effect due to its selective pressure, may force the rise of streptomycin-resistant pathogens.

Antibiotic Resistance in Acinetobacterspp. Isolated from Sewers Receiving Waste Effluent from a Hospital and a Pharmaceutical Plant

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 3499-3502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Guardabassi ◽  
Andreas Petersen ◽  
John E. Olsen ◽  
Anders Dalsgaard
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Hospital Waste ◽  
Bacterial Indicators ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Pharmaceutical Plant

ABSTRACT The possible increase of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in sewage associated with the discharge of wastewater from a hospital and a pharmaceutical plant was investigated by usingAcinetobacter species as environmental bacterial indicators. The level of susceptibility to six antimicrobial agents was determined in 385 Acinetobacter strains isolated from samples collected upstream and downstream from the discharge points of the hospital and the pharmaceutical plant. Results indicated that while the hospital waste effluent affected only the prevalence of oxytetracycline resistance, the discharge of wastewater from the pharmaceutical plant was associated with an increase in the prevalence of both single- and multiple-antibiotic resistance amongAcinetobacter species in the sewers.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Fresh Red and White Onion (Allium cepa) Extract against Some Drug Resistant Bacteria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
K. Zikora Anyaegbunam ◽  
L. Ogara Amaechi ◽  
C. AnyaegbunamTito ◽  
O. Oniwon Wisdom ◽  
C. Ogechukwu Henrietta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Onion Extract

Antibiotics resistance is currently one of the major challenges in the health care system. The antimicrobial properties of some herbs have been used in the treatment of infectious diseases as well as disinfection of surfaces. This in a way helps overcome microbial resistance arising from indiscriminate use of synthetic antimicrobial agents for similar purpose. Some antibiotic resistant bacteria- Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococus aureus and Escherichia coli isolated from cooking wares in homes were investigated using agar well diffusion and agar dilution method to test for the antibacterial activity of fresh Allium cepa (onion) extract. All were susceptible to the fresh white and red onion extract except Staphylococus aureus which was susceptible to only the white onion extract. The diameter of zones of inhibition ranged from 2 mm-35 mm. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (M. I. C.) and the Minimum Bacterial Concentration (M. B. C.) values of the fresh onion juices against the test bacteria were low ranging from 3.125% v/v – 25.0% v/v. This study indicates that the fresh raw extracts of Allium cepa possess significant antibacterial potency against these antibiotic resistant bacteria.

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