scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance among lower respiratory tract isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae: results of a 1992-93 Western Europe and USA collaborative surveillance study

1996 ◽  
Vol 38 (suppl A) ◽  
pp. 71-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. Goldstein ◽  
J. F. Acar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Surveillance Study

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance of 1,113Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates from Patients with Respiratory Tract Infections in Spain: Results of a 1-Year (1996–1997) Multicenter Surveillance Study

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Baquero ◽  
José Angel García-Rodríguez ◽  
Juan García de Lomas ◽  
Lorenzo Aguilar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Surveillance Study ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Tract Infections

A nationwide susceptibility surveillance of 1,113Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates was carried out and found the following percentages of resistance: cefuroxime, 46%; penicillin, 37%; macrolides, 33%; aminopenicillins, 24%; cefotaxime, 13%; and ceftriaxone, 8%. A significant (P < 0.05) seasonality pattern for β-lactam antibiotics was observed. Resistance to macrolides was higher (P < 0.05) in middle-ear samples. Higher percentages of resistance to cefuroxime and macrolides were observed among penicillin-intermediate and -resistant strains, whereas high frequencies of resistance to aminopenicillins and expanded-spectrum cephalosporins were observed only among penicillin-resistant strains.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance among Clinical Isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Canada during 2000

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 1295-1301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald E. Low ◽  
Joyce de Azavedo ◽  
Karl Weiss ◽  
Tony Mazzulli ◽  
Magdalena Kuhn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Central Laboratory ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Resistance Rates

ABSTRACT A total of 2,245 clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae were collected from 63 microbiology laboratories from across Canada during 2000 and characterized at a central laboratory. Of these isolates, 12.4% were not susceptible to penicillin (penicillin MIC, ≥0.12 μg/ml) and 5.8% were resistant (MIC, ≥2 μg/ml). Resistance rates among non-β-lactam agents were the following: macrolides, 11.1%; clindamycin, 5.7%; chloramphenicol, 2.2%; levofloxacin, 0.9%; gatifloxacin, 0.8%; moxifloxacin, 0.4%; and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 11.3%. The MICs at which 90% of the isolates were inhibited (MIC90s) of the fluoroquinolones were the following: gemifloxacin, 0.03 μg/ml; BMS-284756, 0.06 μg/ml; moxifloxacin, 0.12 μg/ml; gatifloxacin, 0.25 μg/ml; levofloxacin, 1 μg/ml; and ciprofloxacin, 1 μg/ml. Of 578 isolates from the lower respiratory tract, 21 (3.6%) were inhibited at ciprofloxacin MICs of ≥4 μg/ml. None of the 768 isolates from children were inhibited at ciprofloxacin MICs of ≥4 μg/ml, compared to 3 of 731 (0.6%) from those ages 15 to 64 (all of these >60 years old), and 27 of 707 (3.8%) from those over 65. The MIC90s for ABT-773 and telithromycin were 0.015 μg/ml for macrolide-susceptible isolates and 0.12 and 0.5 μg/ml, respectively, for macrolide-resistant isolates. The MIC of linezolid was ≤2 μg/ml for all isolates. Many of the new antimicrobial agents tested in this study appear to have potential for the treatment of multidrug-resistant strains of pneumococci.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Respiratory Tract Isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae: Results of a Canadian National Surveillance Study

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 3247-3247
Author(s):  
George G. Zhanel ◽  
James A. Karlowsky ◽  
Lorraine Palatnick ◽  
Laverne Vercaigne ◽  
Donald E. Low ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Surveillance Study ◽  
National Surveillance

Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Respiratory Tract Isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae: Results of a Canadian National Surveillance Study

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 2504-2509 ◽  
Author(s):  
George G. Zhanel ◽  
James A. Karlowsky ◽  
Lorraine Palatnick ◽  
Laverne Vercaigne ◽  
Donald E. Low ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Surveillance Study ◽  
National Surveillance ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Canadian Provinces

ABSTRACT From October 1997 to November 1998, 1,180 respiratory tract isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae were collected from 18 medical centers in 9 of the 10 Canadian provinces. Penicillin-intermediate and -resistant isolates occurred at rates of 14.8 and 6.4%, respectively, and these rates varied considerably by geographic region. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, and macrolide rates of nonsusceptibility were 12.2, 10.6, and 8.0 to 9.3%, respectively. The most potent agents studied were newer fluoroquinolones.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance among Respiratory Pathogens in Spain: Latest Data and Changes over 11 Years (1996-1997 to 2006-2007)

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 2953-2959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio Pérez-Trallero ◽  
Jose E. Martín-Herrero ◽  
Ana Mazón ◽  
Celia García-Delafuente ◽  
Purificación Robles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Surveillance Study ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Ampicillin Resistance ◽  
Increasing Trend

ABSTRACT A nationwide multicenter susceptibility surveillance study (Susceptibility to the Antimicrobials Used in the Community in España [SAUCE] project), SAUCE-4, including 2,559 Streptococcus pneumoniae, 2,287 Streptococcus pyogenes, and 2,736 Haemophilus influenzae isolates was carried out from May 2006 to June 2007 in 34 Spanish hospitals. Then, the results from SAUCE-4 were compared to those from all three previous SAUCE studies carried out in 1996-1997, 1998-1999, and 2001-2002 to assess the temporal trends in resistance and the phenotypes of resistance over the 11-year period. In SAUCE-4, on the basis of the CLSI breakpoints, penicillin (parenteral, nonmeningitis breakpoint) and cefotaxime were the antimicrobials that were the most active against S. pneumoniae (99.8% and 99.6%, respectively). Only 0.9% of isolates had a penicillin MIC of ≥2 μg/ml. In S. pyogenes, nonsusceptibility to erythromycin was observed in 19.4% of isolates. Among the H. influenzae isolates, a β-lactamase-positive prevalence of 15.7% was found. A statistically significant temporal decreasing trend over the 11-year period was observed for nonsusceptibility (from 60.0% to 22.9%) and resistance (from 36.5% to 0.9%) to penicillin and for the proportion of erythromycin-resistant isolates of S. pneumoniae of the macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) phenotype (from 98.4% to 81.3%). A similar trend was observed for the prevalence of ampicillin resistance (from 37.6% to 16.1%), β-lactamase production (from 25.7% to 15.7%), and β-lactamase-negative ampicillin resistance (BLNAR) in H. influenzae (from 13.5% to 0.7%). Among erythromycin-resistant isolates of S. pyogenes, a significant increasing trend in the prevalence of MLSB was observed (from 7.0% to 35.5%). SAUCE-4 confirms a generalized decline in the resistance of the main respiratory pathogens to the antimicrobials as well as a shift in their resistance phenotypes.

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