scholarly journals Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae: a review of the potential role of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (90003) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
R. Wise
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carriage ◽  
Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics

scholarly journals Related Factors to Streptococcus pneumoniae Invasive Infection and Clinical Manifestations: The Potential Role of Nasopharyngeal Microbiome

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Dietl ◽  
Desirée Henares ◽  
Lucía Boix-Palop ◽  
Carmen Muñoz-Almagro ◽  
Javier Garau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Invasive Infection ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Related Factors

Infections of the lower respiratory tract, such as pneumonia, are one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Streptococcus pneumoniae might colonize the upper respiratory tract and is the main aetiological agent of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). In the last decades, several factors related to the host, the microorganism and the antibiotic therapy have been investigated to identify risk factors associated with the development of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). Nevertheless, these factors themselves do not explain the risk of developing disease or its severity. Recently, some studies have focused on the importance of nasopharyngeal (NP) microbiome and its relation to respiratory health. This review presents existing evidence of the potential role of NP microbiome in the development of IPD.

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles of antimicrobials

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menino Osbert Cotta ◽  
Jason Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Protein Binding ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics ◽  
Dosing Regimens ◽  
Dosing Strategies

The continual threat of antimicrobial resistance means that optimizing current antimicrobial therapy is of paramount importance. Antimicrobial pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) play a central role in developing dosing regimens that target maximal clinical outcomes and microbiological eradication. This chapter describes the three main PK/PD indices into which current antimicrobials are categorized. Elements of PK that require due consideration when optimizing antimicrobial therapy, including volume of distribution, antimicrobial clearance, and protein binding, are also discussed. Finally, specific attention is paid to antimicrobial dosing among challenging populations, namely the critically ill and obese, and the potential role of alternative dosing strategies, such as use of loading doses and extended/continuous infusions, is also outlined.

Incorporating Pharmacogenomics into Practice

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicki L. Ellingrod ◽  
Jessica Moline
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Pharmacy Practice ◽  
Genome Project ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics ◽  
The Human Genome Project

The goal for this issue of the Journal of Pharmacy Practice is to provide an overview of pharmacogenomics and highlight research done in select therapeutic areas such as oncology, psychiatry, cardiology, and HIV, although pharmacogenomics is taking center stage in other therapeutic areas as well. At the root of all pharmacogenomic investigations is pharmacy, which is why it is so important for pharmacists to gain an understanding of this field and clinical applications of this science, particularly as it relates to their practice and their patients. Pharmacists are experts in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and they therefore represent ideal health care professionals for incorporating pharmacogenomics into therapeutic drug monitoring. We are currently in a critical period of time in which pharmacists need to become engaged in the decision-making process regarding how best to implement pharmacogenomics into clinical practice. As part of this chapter, we will outline the role of the Human Genome Project and the Food and Drug Administration, both of which are instrumental to the advancement of pharmacogenomics. Lastly, we will be summarizing some of the barriers we still face regarding clinical applicability of this science and the potential role of genetic counselors in the incorporation of this science into clinical practice.

POPDC proteins and cardiac function

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1393-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Brand
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
Disease Genes ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Interaction Partners ◽  
And Function

Abstract The Popeye domain-containing gene family encodes a novel class of cAMP effector proteins in striated muscle tissue. In this short review, we first introduce the protein family and discuss their structure and function with an emphasis on their role in cyclic AMP signalling. Another focus of this review is the recently discovered role of POPDC genes as striated muscle disease genes, which have been associated with cardiac arrhythmia and muscular dystrophy. The pathological phenotypes observed in patients will be compared with phenotypes present in null and knockin mutations in zebrafish and mouse. A number of protein–protein interaction partners have been discovered and the potential role of POPDC proteins to control the subcellular localization and function of these interacting proteins will be discussed. Finally, we outline several areas, where research is urgently needed.

The Effect of Path Length and Display Size on Memory for Spatial Information

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Guérard ◽  
Sébastien Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Path Length ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Recall Performance ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Length Effect ◽  
Serial Memory ◽  
Fixed Reference ◽  
A Minor

In serial memory for spatial information, some studies showed that recall performance suffers when the distance between successive locations increases relatively to the size of the display in which they are presented (the path length effect; e.g., Parmentier et al., 2005) but not when distance is increased by enlarging the size of the display (e.g., Smyth & Scholey, 1994). In the present study, we examined the effect of varying the absolute and relative distance between to-be-remembered items on memory for spatial information. We manipulated path length using small (15″) and large (64″) screens within the same design. In two experiments, we showed that distance was disruptive mainly when it is varied relatively to a fixed reference frame, though increasing the size of the display also had a small deleterious effect on recall. The insertion of a retention interval did not influence these effects, suggesting that rehearsal plays a minor role in mediating the effects of distance on serial spatial memory. We discuss the potential role of perceptual organization in light of the pattern of results.

The Potential Role of the Cytochrome P-450 2D6 Pharmacogenetic Polymorphism in Drug Abuse

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward M. Sellers ◽  
S. Victoria Otton ◽  
Rachel F. Tyndale
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Cytochrome P 450
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