Qualitative Ampule and Multitest for Beta-Lactam Residues in Fluid Milk Products: Collaborative Study

1982 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 1193-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley N Kelley ◽  
◽  
J Andrews ◽  
A W Appelt ◽  
R Barber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Stearothermophilus ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Made In ◽  
Fluid Milk

Abstract A collaborative study was performed on a rapid Bacillus stearothermophilus agar diffusion ampule method to detect low levels of penicillin G in 7 types of fluid milk products. A multitest technique for processing a large number of samples simultaneously was also studied. Slight modifications were made in the original method to establish more uniformity and to eliminate doubtful responses by specifying a confirmation procedure. Twenty samples spiked with penicillin G (0.000 to 0.008 IU/mL) and tetracycline hydrochloride were frozen and sent to 20 laboratories in the ampule test, and 16 laboratories in the multitest. Each analyst was asked to do a screening run and a confirmation run. Results were reported by color reaction and also as positive or negative for β-lactam inhibitors. The concentrations (penicillin G) where percent positive results equal 100 or not significantly less than 100 (α = 0.05) ranged from 0.005 to 0.007 IU/mi in the ampule test and from 0.004 to 0.007 IU/mL in the multitest. Both techniques have been adopted official first action.

Bacillus stearothermophilus Disc Assay for Detection of Inhibitors in Milk: Collaborative Study

1982 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 1208-1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W Messer ◽  
James E Leslie ◽  
Gary A Houghtby ◽  
James T Peeler ◽  
Jerald E Barnett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Stearothermophilus ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Aoac Method ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Paper Disc ◽  
Disc Assay

Abstract A 2-part (A and B) collaborative study was conducted on a Bacillus stearothermophilus paper disc (12.7 mm) method to detect residual inhibitors in milk. The 18 participating collaborators assayed raw milk samples spiked with a beta-lactam (penicillin G). Of the 18 collaborators, 14 participated in part A and 16 in part B. Part A demonstrated that either Antibiotic Medium No. 4 or PM Indicator Agar is suitable for use in the assay. The lowest concentration detectable, not significantly different from 100% at the α = 0.05 level, was 0.008 unit/mL with either medium. Part B demonstrated that the sensitivity of the method is equal to that of the current AOAC method (16.131- 16.136). The concentration of beta-lactam detected by 50% of the analysts was 0.003-0.005 unit/mL in this study, compared with 0.005 unit/mL reported in an earlier collaborative study on the current AOAC method. No false positive results were reported in part A or part B. All samples found positive by the confirmatory test in part B were correctly identified as a beta-lactam with commercial Penase discs. The lowest concentration detectable by the method, not significantly different from 100% at the α = 0.05 level, was 0.008 unit/mL. The method was adopted official first action.

Bacillus stearothermophilus Disk Assay for Detection of Residual Penicillins in Milk: Collaborative Study

1979 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 985-988
Author(s):  
Larry A Ouderkirk
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Stearothermophilus ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Antibiotic Drugs ◽  
Paper Disk ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Disk Method

Abstract A collaborative study was performed on a Bacillus stearothermophilus paper disk method designed to detect residual levels of 4 antibiotic drugs in whole market milk. This method is a modification of an earlier procedure developed for the International Dairy Federation. Whole milk samples spiked at low levels with ampicillin, cephapirin, cloxacillin, and penicillin G were sent frozen to 11 collaborating laboratories with instructions to assay them promptly according to the method provided. Five of the laboratories reported inconclusive results due to technical difficulties encountered with the method. The 6 remaining laboratories all detected levels of 0.005- 0.008 μg or unit/mL for penicillin G, ampicillin, and cephapirin and 0.05-0.08 μg/mL for cloxacillin. The most commonly used official methods, the Sarcina lutea (Micrococcus luteus) cylinder plate method and the Bacillus subtilis paper disk method, can detect levels of 0.01 and 0.05 unit penicillin G/mL, respectively. The B. stearothermophilus method is rapid, simple to perform, and more sensitive than present official methods. The method has been adopted as official first action for the detection of penicillins in milk.

Detectability Levels of Four Beta-Lactam Antibiotics in Eight Milk Products Using the AOAC Bacillus stearothermophilus Disc Assay

1986 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 687-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATHLEEN T. RAJKOWSKI ◽  
JAMES T. PEELER ◽  
JAMES W. MESSER
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Stearothermophilus ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽  
Goat’S Milk ◽  
Confirmation Test ◽  
Goat's Milk ◽  
Disc Assay

The 50% dectability level (ED50) of the Bacillus stearothermophilus disc assay in raw, pasteurized whole, protein-fortified lowfat, lowfat, and skim milks, half-and-half, heavy cream and goat's milk was determined for penicillin G, ampicillin, cloxacillin and cephapirin. Results demonstrate a lower level of detectability with PM agar than with A4 agar for ampicillin, cloxacillin and penicillin. Ranges of detection using PM agar at 64°C were 0.0025 to 0.0042 IU/ml (0.0016 to 0.0026 μg/ml) for penicillin G, 0.0021 to 0.0042 μg/ml for ampicillin, 0.0030 to 0.0059 μg/ml for cephapirin and 0.0167 to 0.0334 μg/ml for cloxacillin. Liquid penicillinase is recommended when performing the confirmation test for beta-lactam identification.

Comparison of Rapid Tests Used to Detect Antibiotic Residues in Milk1

1990 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
GARY F. SENYK ◽  
JOSEPH H. DAVIDSON ◽  
JANICE M. BROWN ◽  
ERIC R. HALLSTEAD ◽  
JOHN W. SHERBON
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Stearothermophilus ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Rapid Methods ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽  
Rapid Tests ◽  
Combined Data ◽  
Disc Assay

Five rapid methods for detection of antibiotics in milk were compared. The Bacillus stearothermophilus var. calidolactis disc assay was also performed on the same samples. The rapid methods were: Angenics Spot Test, Charm II, Delvotest P, Penzyme Farm, and Penzyme Lab III. Ten antibiotics (penicillin G, cephapirin, cloxacillin, ampicillin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, novobiocin, tetracycline, and gentamicin) were used individually to spike eight raw milk samples at five levels of antibiotic. Antibiotic levels were chosen that would result in zones of <16 mm, 16 mm, and >16 mm on the disc assay. Only the disc assay, Charm II and Delvotest P were compared on non-beta-lactam antibiotics. A small percentage of milks with no antibiotic added tested positive with the Charm II and Penzyme Lab III. On combined data for penicillin G, cephapirin, and cloxacillin, for which all methods were compared, the percent correctly categorized as pass (below actionable) for the <16 mm zone spiked level, reject or caution at the 16 mm zone level, and reject or caution at the >16 mm zone level were: Angenics 79, 83, 100; Charm II 66, 92, 100; Delvotest P 74, 93, 100; Disc Assay 100, 74, 100; Penzyme Farm 93, 61, 92; Penzyme Lab III 81,78, 100 respectively. In most cases, the rapid methods showed greater apparent sensitivity than the disc assay and did not fail to reject milks spiked with antibiotic in excess of the 16 mm zone level.

Quantitative Estimates of Beta-Lactam Residues in Raw Milk Around a Reference Standard: Collaborative Study

1982 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1407-1412
Author(s):  
Roy E Ginn ◽  
Ronald A Case ◽  
Vernal S Packard ◽  
Sita R Tatini ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Stearothermophilus ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Zone Size ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Quantitative Estimates ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Disc Assay

Abstract A collaborative study was conducted to determine the reliability of a Bacillus stearothermophilus disc assay method for differentiating various concentrations of penicillin in raw milk. Participating laboratories tested 10 different samples (including one negative) in blind duplicate. Triplicate standards were alternated with triplicate unknowns around the periphery of each of 5 different plates. Zone diameters were measured and the difference in zone size of pairs of adjacent standard and unknown samples were analyzed by a paired t-test. Penicillin concentrations 0.003 IU/mL different from the reference concentrations were consistently distinguishable at a 95% confidence level. Such discriminatory power was determined to be possible with as few as 3 plates (9 replicates) per unknown. The method has been adopted official first action.

Rapid Screening Assay for Beta-Lactam Antibiotics in Milk: Collaborative Study

1982 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 1186-1192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley E Charm ◽  
Ruey K Chi ◽  
◽  
H Bryant ◽  
M Carson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Screening Assay ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽  
The Mean

Abstract A 15 min assay for beta-lactam antibiotics has been used by dairies for several years as a screening procedure for testing milk tankers before they unload. The test is based on a competition between 14C-penicillin and beta-lactam antibiotics in the milk samples for sites on a microbial cell wall that specifically binds beta-lactam. In a collaborative study, 11 laboratories correctly distinguished 10 coded zero penicillin G samples and 10 coded 0.01 IU/mL samples. The proposed test is qualitative, positive or negative, and can detect the presence of beta-lactam antibiotics at the 0.01 IU/mL level. The control point for determining positive or negative samples is more than 3 standard deviations from the mean of 0.01 IU/mL. The method has been adopted official first action.

Thin Layer and Gas-Liquid Chromatography of Cholesterol in Fats and Oils. II. Collaborative Study

1969 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 778-781
Author(s):  
C W Thorpe
Keyword(s):  
Unsaponifiable Matter ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Fats And Oils ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Animal Fat ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Column Chromatographic

Abstract A method employing TLC-GLC for detecting animal fats in vegetable fats was subjected to collaborative study. The method involves preparative TLC of unsaponifiable matter followed by GLC of the isolated sterols. The results of this study, based on GLC determination of cholesterol in the isolated sterols, indicate that low levels (2.5%) of animal fat can be detected. The possibility of obtaining false positive results is greatly reduced compared with direct GLC of unsaponifiable matter or column chromatographic fractionation of unsaponifiable matter followed by GLC analysis.

Immunologic Studies of Antithrombin III Heparin Cofactor in the Newborn

1978 ◽  
Vol 39 (03) ◽  
pp. 624-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
W E Hathaway ◽  
L L Neumann ◽  
C A Borden ◽  
L J Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Term Infant ◽  
Sick Newborn ◽  
At Iii ◽  
Thrombotic Complications ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Collection Methods ◽  
Made In

SummarySerial quantitative immunoelectrophoretic (IE) measurements of antithrombin III heparin cofactor (AT III) were made in groups of well and sick newborn infants classified by gestational age. Collection methods (venous vs. capillary) did not influence the results; serum IE measurements were comparable to AT III activity by a clotting method. AT III is gestational age-dependent, increasing from 28.7% of normal adult values at 28-32 weeks to 50.9% at 37-40 weeks, and shows a gradual increase to term infant levels (57.4%) by 3-4 weeks of age. Infants with the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) show lower levels of AT III in the 33-36 week group, 22% vs. 44% and in the 37-40 week group, 33.6% vs. 50.9%, than prematures without RDS. Infants of 28-32 week gestational age had only slight differences, RDS = 24%, non-RDS = 28.7%. The lowest levels of AT III were seen in patients with RDS complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation and those with necrotizing enterocolitis. Crossed IE on representative infants displayed a consistent pattern which was identical to adult controls except for appropriate decreases in the amplitude of the peaks. The thrombotic complications seen in the sick preterm infant may be related to the low levels of AT III.

Critical Evaluation of Impedance Phlebography for the Diagnosis of Deep Vein Thrombosis

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (02) ◽  
pp. 273-278
Author(s):  
Kenneth K Wu ◽  
John C Hoak ◽  
Robert W Barnes ◽  
Stuart L Frankel
Keyword(s):  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
False Positive ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
False Negative Results ◽  
Deep Vein ◽  
Positive Results

SummaryIn order to evaluate its daily variability and reliability, impedance phlebography was performed daily or on alternate days on 61 patients with deep vein thrombosis, of whom 47 also had 125I-fibrinogen uptake tests and 22 had radiographic venography. The results showed that impedance phlebography was highly variable and poorly reliable. False positive results were noted in 8 limbs (18%) and false negative results in 3 limbs (7%). Despite its being simple, rapid and noninvasive, its clinical usefulness is doubtful when performed according to the original method.

Local program of surmounting of post grade: A proposed methodological for your application in the territorial development.

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-331
Author(s):  
Mercedes Vera Quintana
Keyword(s):  
Local Development ◽  
Territorial Development ◽  
The Social ◽  
Local Program ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Branch Office ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Made In

The work had as object of study the content and application of the postgraduate programs that it is imparted in the branch office of technical sciences (FCT) of "October 10 ", of the ISPJAE (CUJAE), due to your important role in the social appropriation of the knowledge for the local development. In it a deep analysis of the process of formation of postgraduate and your particular characteristics are made in function of implementer a new pedagogic conception, all the who constitutes an instrument of value invaluable for the historical studies, logical and related prospective with this themes. This study has as objective it develops in practice educational of our professionals a sustained methodology in a local program of surmounting of Postgraduate (PLSP), by keeping in mind your level of impact and pertinence for the territory. This proposed methodological is made to this process through the investigation carried out, the who reveals your possibilities of application to validate your effects and as of the positive results, it elaborates a synthesis that constitutes the main objective by keeping in mind the more advanced focusing of the consulted literature.

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