Determination of Phytosterols in Butter Samples by Using Capillary Column Gas Chromatography

A positive bias in the gas chromatographic (GC) analysis of butter for β-sitosterol was discovered when attempting to confirm values by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The source of the problem was traced to an interfering material that was not effectively separated by packed column GC. Because capillary columns are known to provide superior separation, they were substituted for packed columns in the assay, and instrument parameters were modified accordingly. A compound with a similar retention time, identified by GC/MS as lanosterol, was separated from β-sitosterol by the capillary column. The capillary column technique was applied to over 300 butter samples. The results indicate that the method can accurately quantitate β-sitosterol in butter with no known interferences. The limit of detection for this method is 1 mg/100 g. Recoveries at a level of 3 mg/100 g averaged 98% with a coefficient of variation of 3.45%