scholarly journals 39 Impact of inclusion rates of crossbred phenotypes and genotypes in nucleus selection programs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 8-8
Author(s):  
Garrett See ◽  
Benny E Mote ◽  
Matthew L Spangler
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Minimal Change ◽  
Pedigree Information ◽  
Benefit Ratio ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
Genetic Evaluations ◽  
The Cost

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate different inclusion rates of purebred (PB) and CB phenotypes and genotypes in genetic evaluations. Assuming PB and CB traits with moderate heritabilities (h2 = 0.4), a three-way swine crossbreeding scheme was simulated, and selection was practiced for 6 generations. The goal was to increase the CB phenotype. Phenotypes, genotypes and pedigrees for three purebred breeds (each consisting of 25 males and 175 females), F1 crosses (400 females) and terminal cross progeny (2500) were simulated using AlphaSimR. The genome consisted of 18 chromosomes with 1,800 QTL and 59.4k SNP markers. Selection was performed using EBV produced by the BLUPf90 suite of programs for each phenotyping/genotyping strategy. Strategies investigated were 1) increasing the proportion of CB with genotypes, phenotypes and sire pedigree information, 2) decreasing the proportion of PB phenotypes and genotypes, and 3) altering the genetic correlation between PB and CB traits (rpc). Each strategy was replicated 15 times. Results showed that including CB performance improved the CB phenotype regardless of rpc or phenotyping/genotyping strategy. Compared to using only PB information, including 10% of possible CB animals per generation with sire pedigrees and phenotypes increased the response in CB phenotype when rpc was 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9 by 192, 64, 41, 25 and 21%, respectively. Including CB genotypes dramatically improved the previously mentioned increases in response. Minimal change was observed in the CB phenotype when PB phenotypes were included or removed, if CB phenotypes, genotypes and sire pedigrees were included. PB genotypes were more informative than phenotypes in enabling prediction for CB traits. In practice, the inclusion rates of CB and PB data depends upon the degree of connectedness between CB animals and PB selection candidates and the cost-benefit ratio of increased CB performance and genotyping/phenotyping costs.

Home Visitation Investment

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-169
Author(s):  
NORMAN J. SISSMAN
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Home Visits ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Home Visitation ◽  
Benefit Ratio ◽  
Health Care Resources ◽  
Detailed Consideration ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
The Cost

To the Editor.— Two recent reviews in Pediatrics1,2 provide much interesting information on the effect of home visits on the health of women and children. However, I was disappointed not to find in either article more than token reference to the cost of the programs reviewed. In this day of increasingly scarce health care resources, we no longer have the luxury of evaluating programs such as these without detailed consideration of their cost-benefit ratio.

scholarly journals Ultrasound scan as a potential source of nosocomial and cross-infection: a literature review

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 319-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Hadyme Miyague ◽  
Fernando Marum Mauad ◽  
Wellington de Paula Martins ◽  
Augusto César Garcia Benedetti ◽  
Ana Elizabeth Gomes de Melo Tavares Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cross Infection ◽  
Ultrasound Scan ◽  
Benefit Ratio ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
The Cost

AbstractThe authors review the main concepts regarding the importance of cleaning/disinfection of ultrasonography probes, aiming a better comprehension by practitioners and thus enabling strategies to establish a safe practice without compromising the quality of the examination and the operator productivity. In the context of biosafety, it is imperative to assume that contact with blood or body fluids represents a potential source of infection. Thus, in order to implement cleaning/disinfection practice, it is necessary to understand the principles of infection control, to consider the cost/benefit ratio of the measures to be implemented, and most importantly, to comprehend that such measures will not only benefit the health professional and the patient, but the society as a whole.

scholarly journals The unpopularity of incentive-based instruments: what improves the cost–benefit ratio?

Public Choice ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 175 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 37-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Stadelmann-Steffen ◽  
Clau Dermont
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Ratio ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
The Cost

An Economic Evaluation of the Introduction of Vaccination Against Hepatitis a in a Peacekeeping Operation: The Case of the United Nations Protection Force in Yugoslavia

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 490-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Jefferson ◽  
Vittorio Demicheli ◽  
David Wright
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Marginal Cost ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Passive Immunization ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Benefit Ratio ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
The Cost

AbstractThe costs and benefits of vaccinating troops on United Nations tours in Yugoslavia against hepatitis A were compared. The marginal cost of one case of hepatitis A avoided by vaccination was calculated and compared with the marginal cost of achieving the same outcome by passive immunization. The cost-benefit ratio (medium estimate) for troops at low risk of contracting hepatitis A was 0.01 and for those at high risk was 0.03.Vaccinating troops against hepatitis A for a single deployment appears to be an inefficient procedure, especially in troops at low risk. However, in professional troops from countries of low hepatitis A endemicity who are likely to be involved in several operational deployments, vaccination becomes more efficient the more times the same troops are deployed.

scholarly journals ANÁLISE CUSTO-BENEFÍCIO ENTRE CONCRETO CONVENCIONAL E CONCRETO DE ALTO DESEMPENHO - ESTUDO DE CASO DE UM EDIFÍCIO RESIDENCIAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (205) ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
LARA BARBOSA DE SOUZA SANTOS
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
High Performance Concrete ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Benefit Ratio ◽  
First Case ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
The Cost

The present study makes a comparative analysis of the cost-benefit ratio between Conventional Concrete (CC) and High Performance Concrete (CAD). To obtain the consumption rates of concrete, steel and shape of each case, two studies of the same structure were carried out, changing only one variable: the characteristic strength of concrete to compression (fck). In the first case, the 25 Megapascal fck (MPa) representing the CC was applied, and in the second case, 50 MPa fck corresponding to the CAD. For analysis of the structural elements, the Cypecad Software was used. It was found that one of the initial hypotheses, that the consumption of concrete, steel and form would decrease with the use of CAD, was confirmed. The second hypothesis, that the CAD would be more financially advantageous than the CC, was not confirmed, but factors that may have led to this non-confirmation were pointed out.

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