PSXI-21 Soil emission of carbon dioxide and behavior of microorganisms in soils of Western Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 345-347
Author(s):  
Aliya Nagiyeva ◽  
Nurlan Sergaliyev ◽  
Anuarbek T Bissembayev
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Chestnut Soil ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Co2 Intensity

Abstract Kazakhstan Western ecosystems are intensively used in agricultural production. Assessing greenhouse gas emissions from soils, especially CO2, is important. In the upper stages, microbiology, characteristics and condition of the soil change. Biological intensity indicators are soil respiration processes, numerous microbiocenoses species composition. Soil CO2 emissions were measured 5 times monthly during three years. The CO2 flow rate from soil surface is measured by a closed dynamic chamber method with Li-8100A field respirometer. Metagenomic soil testing used bacteria DNA, archaea, real-time PCR, 16SrRNA sequencing. The soil CO2 monthly dynamics fluxes varied among the lands, within the season. In 2020, the CO2 emissions soil peak noted in the pasture. There is a slight decline in summer with a decrease towards the cold season. Comparison between the CO2 flux pasture soils is less in virgin soil. The minimum CO2 flux was recorded in November - February; in the spring, the flux increases. The above CO2 emissions were recorded in summer. In soils, there is wide variety of microorganisms with opposite and incompatible properties for one habitat. The microbial communities structure identified at the family level. The taxonomic samples structure ominated by phylae - Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria. The spread explained by increased actinomycetes resistance characteristic to low moisture content with long dry period. For comparative evaluation microbial communities results comparing by cenoses of upper horizons with dark chestnut soil indicators. This violation caused microorganisms resistance to disturbing factors. On anthropogenically disturbed saline soils, the bacteria found were specific and resistant to critical conditions. CO2 emission in soil varied cenosis type. The CO2 intensity factors were precipitation deficit, high temperature. The profile microorganisms distribution corresponded to the soil horizons humus content. During summer soil drying, the deep soil horizons abundance occurred where moisture is retained.

scholarly journals Ecosystem responses to elevated CO<sub>2</sub> using airborne remote sensing at Mammoth Mountain, California

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (24) ◽  
pp. 7403-7418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry Cawse-Nicholson ◽  
Joshua B. Fisher ◽  
Caroline A. Famiglietti ◽  
Amy Braverman ◽  
Florian M. Schwandner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Ecosystem Structure ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Ecosystem Responses ◽  
Mammoth Mountain ◽  
And Function ◽  
Canopy Nitrogen

Abstract. We present an exploratory study examining the use of airborne remote-sensing observations to detect ecological responses to elevated CO2 emissions from active volcanic systems. To evaluate these ecosystem responses, existing spectroscopic, thermal, and lidar data acquired over forest ecosystems on Mammoth Mountain volcano, California, were exploited, along with in situ measurements of persistent volcanic soil CO2 fluxes. The elevated CO2 response was used to statistically model ecosystem structure, composition, and function, evaluated via data products including biomass, plant foliar traits and vegetation indices, and evapotranspiration (ET). Using regression ensemble models, we found that soil CO2 flux was a significant predictor for ecological variables, including canopy greenness (normalized vegetation difference index, NDVI), canopy nitrogen, ET, and biomass. With increasing CO2, we found a decrease in ET and an increase in canopy nitrogen, both consistent with theory, suggesting more water- and nutrient-use-efficient canopies. However, we also observed a decrease in NDVI with increasing CO2 (a mean NDVI of 0.27 at 200 g m−2 d−1 CO2 reduced to a mean NDVI of 0.10 at 800 g m−2 d−1 CO2). This is inconsistent with theory though consistent with increased efficiency of fewer leaves. We found a decrease in above-ground biomass with increasing CO2, also inconsistent with theory, but we did also find a decrease in biomass variance, pointing to a long-term homogenization of structure with elevated CO2. Additionally, the relationships between ecological variables changed with elevated CO2, suggesting a shift in coupling/decoupling among ecosystem structure, composition, and function synergies. For example, ET and biomass were significantly correlated for areas without elevated CO2 flux but decoupled with elevated CO2 flux. This study demonstrates that (a) volcanic systems show great potential as a means to study the properties of ecosystems and their responses to elevated CO2 emissions and (b) these ecosystem responses are measurable using a suite of airborne remotely sensed data.

scholarly journals Ecosystem responses to elevated CO<sub>2</sub> using airborne remote sensing at Mammoth Mountain, California

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry Cawse-Nicholson ◽  
Joshua B. Fisher ◽  
Caroline A. Famiglietti ◽  
Amy Braverman ◽  
Florian M. Schwandner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Ecosystem Structure ◽  
Co2 Fluxes ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Ecosystem Responses ◽  
Mammoth Mountain ◽  
And Function

Abstract. We present an exploratory study examining the use of airborne remote sensing observations to detect ecological responses to elevated CO2 emissions from active volcanic systems. To evaluate these ecosystem responses, existing spectroscopic, thermal, and lidar data acquired over forest ecosystems on Mammoth Mountain volcano, California, were exploited, along with in situ measurements of volcanic soil CO2 fluxes. The elevated CO2 response was used to statistically model ecosystem structure, composition and function, evaluated via data products including biomass, plant foliar traits and vegetation indices, and evapotranspiration (ET). Using regression ensemble models, we found that soil CO2 flux was a significant predictor for ecological variables, including Normalized Vegetation Difference Index (NDVI), canopy nitrogen, ET, and biomass. Additionally, the relationships between ecological variables changed with increasingly elevated (volcanically influenced) over non-volcanic background soil CO2 fluxes, suggesting a shift in coupling/decoupling among ecosystem structure, composition, and function synergies. For example, ET and biomass were significantly correlated for areas without elevated CO2 flux, but decoupled with elevated CO2 flux. This study demonstrates that a) volcanic systems show great potential as a means to study the properties of ecosystems and their responses to elevated CO2 emissions and b) these ecosystem responses are measureable using a suite of airborne remotely sensed data.

scholarly journals Effects of inorganic and organic fertilizers on CO2 and CH4 fluxes from tea plantation soil

Elem Sci Anth ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Lin ◽  
Shangpeng Zhang ◽  
Guoting Shen ◽  
Muhammad Shaaban ◽  
Wenliang Ju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Soil Co2 Flux ◽  
Tea Soil

Agricultural practices such as fertilization considerably influence soil greenhouse gas fluxes. However, the effects of fertilization on greenhouse gases fluxes remain unclear in tea soil when soil nitrogen is low. In the present study, soil CO2 and CH4 fluxes under various fertilization treatments in tea soil were investigated during a 50-day period. The experiment consisted of five treatments: no fertilizer (CK), single nitrogen (urea, N), single oilseed rape cake fertilizer (R), nitrogen + cake fertilizer (2:1, NR1), and nitrogen + cake fertilizer (1:2, NR2). The fertilization proportion of NR1 and NR2 was determined by the nitrogen content of nitrogen fertilizer and cake fertilizer. The results revealed that the single application of nitrogen had no significant effect on soil CO2 flux. However, the addition of cake fertilizer significantly increased CO2 emissions through enhanced soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC). Additionally, CO2 emissions were directly proportional to the amount of carbon (C) in the fertilizer. All treatments were minor sinks for CH4 except for the treatment NR1. Specifically, the cumulative CH4 fluxes of NR1 and NR2 were significantly higher than rest of the three treatments, which implies that application of urea and oilseed rape cake reduced the capability of CH4 oxidation in tea soil. Structural equation models indicated that soil CO2 flux is significantly and positively correlated with soil dissolved organic carbon, MBC and soil pH, while mineral nitrogen content was the main factor affecting CH4 flux. Overall, the application of oilseed rape cake increased the oxidation of CH4 and promoted soil C sequestration but inevitably increased the soil CO2 emissions.

scholarly journals The relationships between termite mound CH<sub>4</sub>/CO<sub>2</sub> emissions and internal concentration ratios are species specific

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 2229-2240 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Jamali ◽  
S. J. Livesley ◽  
L. B. Hutley ◽  
B. Fest ◽  
S. K. Arndt
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Co2 Fluxes ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Termite Mounds ◽  
Termite Species ◽  
Ch4 Flux ◽  
Gas Concentration ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract. We investigated the relative importance of CH4 and CO2 fluxes from soil and termite mounds at four different sites in the tropical savannas of northern Australia near Darwin and assessed different methods to indirectly predict CH4 fluxes based on CO2 fluxes and internal gas concentrations. The annual flux from termite mounds and surrounding soil was dominated by CO2 with large variations among sites. On a carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2-e) basis, annual CH4 flux estimates from termite mounds were 5- to 46-fold smaller than the concurrent annual CO2 flux estimates. Differences between annual soil CO2 and soil CH4 (CO2-e) fluxes were even greater, soil CO2 fluxes being almost three orders of magnitude greater than soil CH4 (CO2-e) fluxes at site. The contribution of CH4 and CO2 emissions from termite mounds to the total CH4 and CO2 emissions from termite mounds and soil in CO2-e was less than 1%. There were significant relationships between mound CH4 flux and mound CO2 flux, enabling the prediction of CH4 flux from measured CO2 flux; however, these relationships were clearly termite species specific. We also observed significant relationships between mound flux and gas concentration inside mound, for both CH4 and CO2, and for all termite species, thereby enabling the prediction of flux from measured mound internal gas concentration. However, these relationships were also termite species specific. Using the relationship between mound internal gas concentration and flux from one species to predict mound fluxes from other termite species (as has been done in the past) would result in errors of more than 5-fold for mound CH4 flux and 3-fold for mound CO2 flux. This study highlights that CO2 fluxes from termite mounds are generally more than one order of magnitude greater than CH4 fluxes. There are species-specific relationships between CH4 and CO2 fluxes from a mound, and between the inside mound concentration of a gas and the mound flux emission of the same gas, but these relationships vary greatly among termite species. Thus, there is no generic relationship that will allow for the accurate prediction of CH4 fluxes from termite mounds of all species, but given the data limitations, the above methods may still be used with caution.

scholarly journals Comparison of Drivers of Soil Microbial Communities Developed in Karst Ecosystems with Shallow and Deep Soil Depths

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Huiling Guan ◽  
Jiangwen Fan ◽  
Haiyan Zhang ◽  
Warwick Harris
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
Karst Ecosystems

Soil erosion is prevalent in karst areas, but few studies have compared the differences in the drivers for soil microbial communities among karst ecosystems with different soil depths, and most studies have focused on the local scale. To fill this research gap, we investigated the upper 20 cm soil layers of 10 shallow–soil depth (shallow–SDC, total soil depth less than 100 cm) and 11 deep–soil depth communities (deep–SDC, total soil depth more than 100 cm), covering a broad range of vegetation types, soils, and climates. The microbial community characteristics of both the shallow–SDC and deep–SDC soils were tested by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFAs) analysis, and the key drivers of the microbial communities were illustrated by forward selection and variance partitioning analysis. Our findings demonstrated that more abundant soil nutrients supported higher fungal PLFA in shallow–SDC than in deep–SDC (p < 0.05). Furthermore, stronger correlation between the microbial community and the plant–soil system was found in shallow–SDC: the pure plant effect explained the 43.2% of variance in microbial biomass and 57.8% of the variance in the ratio of Gram–positive bacteria to Gram–negative bacteria (G+/G−), and the ratio of fungi to total bacteria (F/B); the pure soil effect accounted for 68.6% variance in the microbial diversity. The ratio of microbial PLFA cyclopropyl to precursors (Cy/Pr) and the ratio of saturated PLFA to monounsaturated PLFA (S/M) as indicators of microbial stress were controlled by pH, but high pH was not conducive to microorganisms in this area. Meanwhile, Cy/Pr in all communities was >0.1, indicating that microorganisms were under environmental stress. Therefore, the further ecological restoration of degraded karst communities is needed to improve their microbial communities.

Differential effects of wetting and drying on soil CO2 concentration and flux in near-surface vs. deep soil layers

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyungjin Min ◽  
Asmeret Asefaw Berhe ◽  
Chau Minh Khoi ◽  
Hella van Asperen ◽  
Jeroen Gillabel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Soil Co2 Concentration

Physical protection of soil carbon in macroaggregates does not reduce the temperature dependence of soil CO2 emissions

2015 ◽  
Vol 178 (4) ◽  
pp. 592-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiphaine Chevallier ◽  
Kaouther Hmaidi ◽  
Ernest Kouakoua ◽  
Martial Bernoux ◽  
Tahar Gallali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Physical Protection ◽  
Soil Co2 Emissions
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