Toxicity of Some Straight Chain Saturated Fatty Acids to House Fly Larvae1

The aim of this paper is 2-fold. (1) To propose the use of a group of mathematical techniques, called clustering, in the elucidation of complex metabolic relationships. (2) To apply clustering for the identification of related groups of saturated fatty acids having a common metabolic pathway for their biosynthesis in the milk fat of lactating goats. In this way, four groups of branched-chain fatty acids and two groups of straight-chain fatty acids are identified; the odd-numbered iso-, the even-numbered iso-, the anteiso-acids and the branched-chain fatty acids with methyl substitution in the chain, the odd-numbered straight-chain and the even-numbered straight-chain fatty acids. The long-chain fatty acids are not part of any group. The different metabolic pathways for their biosynthesis are discussed. From the results, it is concluded that clustering is indeed a potentially useful tool in the study of complex metabolic relationships.

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Preparation of Straight-chain Saturated Fatty Acids by the Addition of Acetic Acid to α-Olefins

Journal of Japan Oil Chemists Society ◽

10.5650/jos1956.32.450 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 32 (8) ◽

pp. 450-451

Author(s):

Fujio ABE ◽

Yasuo SUHARA

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Acetic Acid ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Straight Chain

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A comparative study of fatty acid profile and formation of biofilm inGeobacillus gargensisexposed to variable abiotic stress

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/cjm-2014-0615 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 48-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Noor Essa Al-Beloshei ◽

Husain Al-Awadhi ◽

Rania A. Al-Khalaf ◽

Mohammad Afzal

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Growth Medium ◽

Salt Concentration ◽

Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Sodium Dodecyl ◽

Phospholipid Composition ◽

Straight Chain

Understanding bacterial fatty acid (FA) profile has a great taxonomic significance as well as clinical importance for diagnosis issues. Both the composition and nature of membrane FAs change under different nutritional, biotic and (or) abiotic stresses, and environmental stress. Bacteria produce both odd-carbon as well as branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs). This study was designed to examine the effect of abiotic pressure, including salinity, temperature, pH, and oxinic stress on the growth, development, and FA profile in thermophilic Geobacillus gargensis. Under these stresses, 3 parametric ratios, 2-methyl fatty acids/3-methyl fatty acids (iso-/anteiso-FAs), BCFAs/straight-chain saturated fatty acids (SCSFA), and SCSFAs/straight-chain unsaturated fatty acids (SCUFA), in addition to total lipids affected by variable stresses were measured. Our results indicate that the ratio of total iso-/anteiso-FAs increased at the acidic pH range of 4.1–5.2 and decreased with increasing pH. The reverse was true for salt stress when iso-/anteiso-FAs ratio increased with salt concentration. The BCFAs/SCSFAs and SCSFAs/SCUFAs ratios increased at neutral and alkaline pH and high salt concentration, reduced incubation time, and comparatively high temperature (55–65 °C) of the growth medium. The bacterial total lipid percentage deceased with increasing salt concentration, incubation period, but it increased with temperature. The formation of extracellular polymeric substances was observed under all stress conditions and with the addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate (2 and 5 mmol/L) to the growth medium. The membrane phospholipid composition of the bacterium was analyzed by thin-layer chromatography.

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GROWTH RESPONSE OF CHLAMYDOMONAS AND HAEMATOCOCCUS TO THE VOLATILE FATTY ACIDS

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m60-073 ◽

1960 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 611-617 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Raymond G. Stross

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Cell Division ◽

Growth Response ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Haematococcus Pluvialis ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Straight Chain ◽

Effective Inhibition ◽

Initial Ph ◽

Calculated Amount

The first five straight-chain saturated fatty acids were tested to determine their effect on cell division of phytoflagellates. Chlamydomonas reinhardti Danseard and Haematococcus pluvialis Flotow were selected for measurement because of information available from similar studies of the long-chain acids. Cultures were grown at five concentrations of the sodium salt within the range of 0.5 to 10.0 mmoles/liter.Acetate stimulated the rate of cell division, while butyrate, the other acid with an even number of carbons, produced an inconsistent although negligible effect.The fatty acids with an odd number of carbons inhibited division of cells, with propionate being most and valerate least effective. Inhibition in these tests, in which initial pH was kept constant, was proportional to the initial concentration of the acid salt. Additional tests showed propionate inhibition to be approximately proportional to a calculated amount of undissociated acid in the medium. H. pluvialis was 9–12 times more sensitive than was C. reinhardti.The possibility of propionic acid inhibition of algae in acid lakes is discussed.

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Weight Loss Behavior of Straight-Chain Saturated Fatty Acids

Journal of Japan Oil Chemists Society ◽

10.5650/jos1956.41.18 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 18-22

Author(s):

Toshiaki USHIKUSA ◽

Takenori MARUYAMA ◽

Isao NIIYA

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Straight Chain ◽

Weight Loss Behavior

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Dietary Changes in Fasting Levels of Factor VII Coagulant Activity (FVII: C) Are Accompanied by Changes in Factor VII Protein and other Vitamin K-dependent Proteins

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1653757 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 73 (02) ◽

pp. 239-242 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

E M Bladbjerg ◽

T Tholstrup ◽

P Marckmann ◽

B Sandström ◽

J Jespersen

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Vitamin K ◽

Protein C ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Factor Vii ◽

Dietary Regimen ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Dietary Changes ◽

Coagulant Activity ◽

Before And After

SummaryThe mechanisms behind dietary effects on fasting coagulant activity of factor VII (FVII: C) are not clarified. In the present study of 15 young volunteers, two experimental diets differing in composition of saturated fatty acids (C18:0 [diet S] or C12:0 + C14:0 [diet ML]) were served for 3 weeks each. Fasting blood samples were collected before and after the dietary regimen and analysed for triglycerides, FVII:C, and protein concentrations of FVII, FII, FX, protein C, CRP, albumin, fibrinogen, and F1+2. FVII:C was significantly reduced on diet S compared with diet ML. This was accompanied by a decrease in FVII protein, F1+2 and the vitamin K-dependent proteins FII, FX, and protein C. In contrast, no changes were observed in triglycerides, FVII:C/FVII: Ag, albumin and CRP. Fibrinogen was increased on diet S compared with diet ML. Our findings suggest that the change in fasting FVII:C was part of a general change in concentrations of vitamin K-dependent proteins.

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