Seasonal Dispersal Patterns of Frankliniella fusca (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Occurrence in Central and Eastern North Carolina

2003 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Groves ◽  
J. F. Walgenbach ◽  
J. W. Moyer ◽  
G. G. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Dispersal Patterns ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Frankliniella Fusca ◽  
Eastern North Carolina ◽  
Wilt Virus

scholarly journals Survival and Reproductive Success of Tobacco Thrips on Three Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Infected and Noninfected Peanut Cultivars

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Garcia ◽  
G. G. Kennedy ◽  
R. L. Brandenburg
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Mixed Model Analysis ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Frankliniella Fusca ◽  
Tobacco Thrips ◽  
Peanut Cultivars ◽  
Wilt Virus

Abstract A comparison of the survival and reproductive success of Frankliniella fusca (Hinds) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on tomato spotted wilt virus (Bunyviridae: Tospovirus) (TSWV) infected and uninfected peanut plants was conducted under greenhouse conditions in North Carolina. Three cultivars—NC 9, NC-V11, and NC 12C—adapted to North Carolina production practices were evaluated. A total of 180 individually caged plants, in three replicates, were infested with 20 female F. fusca each. Adult and larval thrips were collected after 30 d on the plants. Final counts were square root transformed and a mixed model analysis of variance conducted. Effects of cultivar and the virus-by-cultivar interaction were not statistically significant. TSWV-infected plants had significantly fewer adult and larval F. fusca than did uninfected plants for adults (P = 0.04) and for larvae (P = 0.01). This study reports on an alternative method of assessing TSWV resistance among peanut cultivars and the trend appears to support the conclusions of a previous field study, which found NC 9 more susceptible to TSWV than either NC-V11 or NC 12C.

Tomato spotted wilt virus on potato in eastern North Carolina

2005 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge A. Abad ◽  
James W. Moyer ◽  
George G. Kennedy ◽  
Gerald A. Holmes ◽  
Marc A. Cubeta
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Eastern North Carolina ◽  
Wilt Virus

Winter and Early-Spring Survey of Thrips Vectors and Host Plants of Tomato Spotted Wilt Tospovirus in and near a Flue-Cured Tobacco Farmscape

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 660-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. McPherson ◽  
R. J. Beshear ◽  
W. C. Johnson ◽  
N. Martinez-Ochoa ◽  
M. L. Wells
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Wild Radish ◽  
Evening Primrose ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Thrips Species ◽  
Frankliniella Fusca ◽  
Plant Hosts ◽  
Weed Hosts ◽  
Wilt Virus

The tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), is an economic pest of flue-cured tobacco because it vectors tomato spotted wilt tospovirus. Other species of thrips are also vectors of spotted wilt in tobacco, including the western flower thrips, F. occidentalis (Pergande). This study examined the presence of thrips species on alternate plant hosts associated with the tobacco farmscape and surrounding area. Weed hosts were sampled from December through April from 1998 through 2001 to assess which plants provide suitable refuge and nutrients for thrips survival, reproduction, and spotted wilt infection. Thrips were identified to species and confirmed as potential vectors of spotted wilt by using ELISA to test for the presence of a non-structural tomato spotted wilt virus protein. Wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.), broomsedge (Andropogon virginicus L.), and narrowleaf vetch (Vicia sativa L. subsp. nigra (L.) Ehrh.) are common late-winter weeds in the farmscape that harbor spotted wilt vectors. Cutleaf evening primrose, Oenethera laciniata Hill, and volunteer soybean, Glycine max(L.) Merrill, also were hosts of spotted wilt vectors in the tobacco farmscape. Numerous other weed hosts were present in the tobacco farmscape but either had no thrips collected from them or thrips were not confirmed as potential spotted wilt vectors from these host plants. Several other plants near the tobacco farmscape also were infected with spotted wilt, and three of these host plants, common chickweed (Stellaria media (L.) Cyrillo), carrot (Daucus carota L.), and flowering dogwood (Cornus florida L.) had confirmed vectors (ELISA) collected from them. Henbit (Lamium amplexicaule L.), wild radish, cutleaf evening primrose, narrowleaf vetch, carrot, curly dock (Rumex crispus L.), red sorrel (Rumex acetosella L.), and common chickweed were confirmed as positive plant hosts in this study for spotted wilt using ELISA. Frankliniella fusca appears to be the most abundant thrips vector on these alternate plant hosts and is the predominate thrips species collected on the flue-cured tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum L. However, F. occidentalis, Haplothrips graminis Hood, and Chirothrips spp. also were confirmed in this study to be potential vectors in the tobacco farmscape. Weed hosts in the farmscape appear to be influential as refuge and nutrients for vectors and an innoculant source of tomato spotted wilt virus in the flue-cured tobacco farmscape.

Variation Among Virginia Market-Type Peanut Genotypes in Susceptibility to Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Vectored by Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Riniker ◽  
R. L. Brandenburg ◽  
G. G. Kennedy ◽  
T. G. Isleib ◽  
D. L. Jordan
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Breeding Line ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Foliar Symptoms ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Wilt Virus

Abstract Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), a thrips-vectored tospovirus, is an important pathogen of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Development of tolerant cultivars has proven to be one of the most promising methods to manage the disease. Twenty-four genotypes of virginia market-type peanut were monitored in field tests for thrips damage, and TSWV incidence and severity during 2004 and 2005 in North Carolina. The cultivar Gregory had a higher density of adult thrips in foliage than any other genotype, while breeding lines N01057 and N03054E had the lowest density. No significant correlation was detected between thrips density or injury and TSWV incidence. Line N03036EJ had the greatest TSWV incidence, but did not differ from cultivars Gregory or Perry in incidence. Line N00033 had the least TSWV incidence and differed from the cultivars Gregory and Perry. The occurrence of late-season chlorosis or peanut yellowing death (PYD) was highly correlated with TSWV infection (P < 0.0001). Breeding line N02051ol had the greatest incidence of PYD, but did not differ statistically from Gregory or Perry. Lines N03023EF and N01083 had the least PYD incidence. Plants infected with TSWV not expressing foliar symptoms were found in far greater abundance than plants that were infected and symptomatic. Line N03036EJ had the greatest proportion of infected but asymptomatic plants; line N03054E had the least. Susceptible lines are more likely to become infected, rather than just more likely to show spotted wilt symptoms.

Some properties and thrip transmission of tomato spotted wilt virus in Canada

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1177-1182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. C. Paliwal
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
High Titer ◽  
Tomato Leaf ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Frankliniella Fusca ◽  
Wilt Virus

A virus isolated from white clover (Trifolium repens L.), dahlia, and tomato from Ontario, dahlia from Manitoba, and tomato and dahlia from British Columbia was identified as tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). Seven isolates of the virus examined had similar host reactions; four of them, investigated in detail, were similar in their localization in tomato leaf cells and physical properties also. The virus particles, 78–97 nm in diameter, were abundant in tomato leaf mesophyll cells and occurred in clusters or arrays surrounded by a membrane.The virus was purified by a method modified from a previously reported one and a specific antiserum was prepared. TSWV appears to be weakly immunogenic, as a high titer antiserum could not be obtained.At least three species of thrips, i.e. Thrips tabaci Lind., Frankliniella fusca Hinds, and F. occidentalis Perg., known as vectors of TSWV elsewhere, occur in Canada. F. fusca, which occurs in eastern Canada, efficiently transmitted all isolates of the virus. T. tabaci, a vector in several countries and widespread in Canada, failed to transmit the virus.

scholarly journals The Role of Weed Hosts and Tobacco Thrips, Frankliniella fusca, in the Epidemiology of Tomato spotted wilt virus

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 573-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Groves ◽  
J. F. Walgenbach ◽  
J. W. Moyer ◽  
G. G. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Vector Species ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Sonchus Asper ◽  
Perennial Plant ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Frankliniella Fusca ◽  
Tobacco Thrips ◽  
Wilt Virus

Wild plant species were systematically sampled to characterize reproduction of thrips, the vector of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), and natural sources TSWV infection. Thrips populations were monitored on 28 common perennial, biennial, and annual plant species over two noncrop seasons at six field locations across North Carolina. Sonchus asper, Stellaria media, and Taraxacum officianale consistently supported the largest populations of immature TSWV vector species. The tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca, was the most abundant TSWV vector species collected, comprising over 95% of vector species in each survey season. Perennial plant species (i.e., Plantago rugelii and Taraxacum officianale) were often only locally abundant, and many annual species (Cerastium vulgatum, Sonchus asper, and Stellaria media) were more widely distributed. Perennial species, including P. rugelii and Rumex crispus, remained TSWV infected for 2 years in a small-plot field test. Where these perennial species are locally abundant, they may serve as important and long-lasting TSWV inoculum sources. In random surveys across 12 locations in North Carolina, TSWV infection was documented by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 35 of 72 (49%) common perennial (N = 10), biennial (N = 4), and annual (N = 21) plant species across 18 plant families. Estimated rates of TSWV infection were highest in Cerastium vulgatum (4.2%), Lactuca scariola (1.3%), Molluga verticillata (4.3%), Plantago rugelii (3.4%), Ranunculus sardous (3.6%), Sonchus asper (5.1%), Stellaria media (1.4%), and Taraxacum officianale (5.8%). Nine plant species were determined to be new host recordings for TSWV infection, including Cardamine hirsuta, Eupatorium capillifolium, Geranium carolinianum, Gnaphalium purpureum, Linaria canadense, Molluga verticillata, Pyrrhopappus carolinianus, Raphanus raphanistrum, and Triodanis perfoliata. Our findings document the relative potential of a number of common annual, biennial, and perennial plant species to act as important reproductive sites for F. fusca and as acquisition sources of TSWV for spread to susceptible crops.

scholarly journals Inoculation of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus into Cotton

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (8) ◽  
pp. 959-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Groves ◽  
G. G. Kennedy ◽  
J. F. Walgenbach ◽  
J. W. Moyer
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
World Cotton ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Frankliniella Fusca ◽  
Tobacco Thrips ◽  
The One ◽  
Wilt Virus

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is an economically important virus of many crops throughout the world. Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., has previously been demonstrated to be susceptible to TSWV (1). During the fall of 1996, cotton was assayed as a potential host of TSWV, as it is an important early season host of thrips vectors of TSWV. Four commercial cotton varieties (DP 20, DP 52, DP 5409, and HS 46) were screened for susceptibility to four isolates of TSWV: two from tobacco, one from pineapple, and one from dahlia. Greenhouse-grown plants in the first true leaf stage were inoculated mechanically. Mean percent infection ranged from 20 to 33% (x = 27%) across all cotton varieties screened against all virus isolates 21 days post-inoculation. TSWV was recovered through mechanical inoculation from double antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS ELISA) positive cotton leaves in 83% of indicator plants, Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC. ex Wight. Individual cotton plants testing TSWV ELISA positive were held for an additional 28 days with 4% of these again testing virus positive. The four cotton varieties were tested in the cotyledon, one-leaf, and four-leaf stages for susceptibility to tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca Hinds, transmission of one TSWV isolate from tobacco. First instar thrips were obtained from an avirulent colony. Mean percent infection among all varieties assayed was 10, 63, and 5%, respectively, for the three developmental stages. Cotton appears to be most susceptible in the one-leaf developmental stage with potential to serve as a source for TSWV spread to other crops. Reference: (1) G. L. Schuster and R. S. Haliwell. Plant Dis. 78:100, 1994.

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