Some properties and thrip transmission of tomato spotted wilt virus in Canada

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1177-1182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. C. Paliwal
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
High Titer ◽  
Tomato Leaf ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Frankliniella Fusca ◽  
Wilt Virus

A virus isolated from white clover (Trifolium repens L.), dahlia, and tomato from Ontario, dahlia from Manitoba, and tomato and dahlia from British Columbia was identified as tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). Seven isolates of the virus examined had similar host reactions; four of them, investigated in detail, were similar in their localization in tomato leaf cells and physical properties also. The virus particles, 78–97 nm in diameter, were abundant in tomato leaf mesophyll cells and occurred in clusters or arrays surrounded by a membrane.The virus was purified by a method modified from a previously reported one and a specific antiserum was prepared. TSWV appears to be weakly immunogenic, as a high titer antiserum could not be obtained.At least three species of thrips, i.e. Thrips tabaci Lind., Frankliniella fusca Hinds, and F. occidentalis Perg., known as vectors of TSWV elsewhere, occur in Canada. F. fusca, which occurs in eastern Canada, efficiently transmitted all isolates of the virus. T. tabaci, a vector in several countries and widespread in Canada, failed to transmit the virus.

Some characteristics of the thrip vector relationship of tomato spotted wilt virus in Canada

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 402-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. C. Paliwal
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Frankliniella Fusca ◽  
Wilt Virus ◽  
Relationship Of

Two isolates of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) from British Columbia were transmitted by Frankliniella occidentalis, which is common in British Columbia but does not occur in eastern Canada. Frankliniella occidentalis from B.C. transmitted the virus to a smaller proportion of Emilia plants as compared with Frankliniella fusca, a known vector that occurs in eastern Canada, after a 48-h acquisition feeding as nymphs on infected Emilia leaves. Neither isolate of the virus was transmitted by Thrips tabaci, which is a vector of TSWV in some other countries. Males and females and macropterous and brachypterous forms of F. fusca did not differ significantly in their vector ability. TSWV was detected serologically in homogenates of 50 ‘exposed' F. fusca (first-generation adults reared on newly infected plants) but was difficult to detect in homogenates prepared from these thrips 2 weeks later. Thrip transmissibility of the virus declined considerably when propagated for long periods without passage through the thrip vector.

scholarly journals Factors determining vector competence and specificity for transmission of Tomato spotted wilt virus

2002 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Nagata ◽  
Alice K. Inoue-Nagata ◽  
Jan van Lent ◽  
Rob Goldbach ◽  
Dick Peters
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Basal Membrane ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Wilt Virus

The competence of a Frankliniella occidentalis and a Thrips tabaci population to transmit Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) was analysed. Adults of the F. occidentalis population transmitted this virus efficiently, whereas those of the thelytokous T. tabaci population failed to transmit. TSWV replicated in the midgut of the larvae of both populations after ingestion of virus; however, lower amounts accumulated in T. tabaci larvae than in F. occidentalis larvae. The virus was almost undetectable in T. tabaci adults, whereas high titres were readily detected in the F. occidentalis adults. The first infections in F. occidentalis larvae were detected by immunocytochemical studies in midgut epithelial and subsequently in midgut muscle cells, the ligaments, and finally in the salivary glands. The infections were weaker in the midgut epithelial and muscle cells of T. tabaci larvae, followed by an almost complete absence of any infection in the ligaments, and a complete absence in the salivary glands. Studies by electron microscopy revealed the budding of some virus particles from the basal membrane of midgut epithelial cells of F. occidentalis larvae into the extracellular space of the basal labyrinth. Enveloped virus particles were also seen in midgut muscle cells of F. occidentalis larvae. They were not discerned in epithelial and muscle cells of T. tabaci larvae and adults. This study showed that the rate of virus replication in the midgut and the extent of virus migration from the midgut to the visceral muscle cells and the salivary glands are probably crucial factors in the determination of vector competence.

scholarly journals Survival and Reproductive Success of Tobacco Thrips on Three Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Infected and Noninfected Peanut Cultivars

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Garcia ◽  
G. G. Kennedy ◽  
R. L. Brandenburg
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Mixed Model Analysis ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Frankliniella Fusca ◽  
Tobacco Thrips ◽  
Peanut Cultivars ◽  
Wilt Virus

Abstract A comparison of the survival and reproductive success of Frankliniella fusca (Hinds) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on tomato spotted wilt virus (Bunyviridae: Tospovirus) (TSWV) infected and uninfected peanut plants was conducted under greenhouse conditions in North Carolina. Three cultivars—NC 9, NC-V11, and NC 12C—adapted to North Carolina production practices were evaluated. A total of 180 individually caged plants, in three replicates, were infested with 20 female F. fusca each. Adult and larval thrips were collected after 30 d on the plants. Final counts were square root transformed and a mixed model analysis of variance conducted. Effects of cultivar and the virus-by-cultivar interaction were not statistically significant. TSWV-infected plants had significantly fewer adult and larval F. fusca than did uninfected plants for adults (P = 0.04) and for larvae (P = 0.01). This study reports on an alternative method of assessing TSWV resistance among peanut cultivars and the trend appears to support the conclusions of a previous field study, which found NC 9 more susceptible to TSWV than either NC-V11 or NC 12C.

Winter and Early-Spring Survey of Thrips Vectors and Host Plants of Tomato Spotted Wilt Tospovirus in and near a Flue-Cured Tobacco Farmscape

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 660-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. McPherson ◽  
R. J. Beshear ◽  
W. C. Johnson ◽  
N. Martinez-Ochoa ◽  
M. L. Wells
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Wild Radish ◽  
Evening Primrose ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Thrips Species ◽  
Frankliniella Fusca ◽  
Plant Hosts ◽  
Weed Hosts ◽  
Wilt Virus

The tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), is an economic pest of flue-cured tobacco because it vectors tomato spotted wilt tospovirus. Other species of thrips are also vectors of spotted wilt in tobacco, including the western flower thrips, F. occidentalis (Pergande). This study examined the presence of thrips species on alternate plant hosts associated with the tobacco farmscape and surrounding area. Weed hosts were sampled from December through April from 1998 through 2001 to assess which plants provide suitable refuge and nutrients for thrips survival, reproduction, and spotted wilt infection. Thrips were identified to species and confirmed as potential vectors of spotted wilt by using ELISA to test for the presence of a non-structural tomato spotted wilt virus protein. Wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.), broomsedge (Andropogon virginicus L.), and narrowleaf vetch (Vicia sativa L. subsp. nigra (L.) Ehrh.) are common late-winter weeds in the farmscape that harbor spotted wilt vectors. Cutleaf evening primrose, Oenethera laciniata Hill, and volunteer soybean, Glycine max(L.) Merrill, also were hosts of spotted wilt vectors in the tobacco farmscape. Numerous other weed hosts were present in the tobacco farmscape but either had no thrips collected from them or thrips were not confirmed as potential spotted wilt vectors from these host plants. Several other plants near the tobacco farmscape also were infected with spotted wilt, and three of these host plants, common chickweed (Stellaria media (L.) Cyrillo), carrot (Daucus carota L.), and flowering dogwood (Cornus florida L.) had confirmed vectors (ELISA) collected from them. Henbit (Lamium amplexicaule L.), wild radish, cutleaf evening primrose, narrowleaf vetch, carrot, curly dock (Rumex crispus L.), red sorrel (Rumex acetosella L.), and common chickweed were confirmed as positive plant hosts in this study for spotted wilt using ELISA. Frankliniella fusca appears to be the most abundant thrips vector on these alternate plant hosts and is the predominate thrips species collected on the flue-cured tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum L. However, F. occidentalis, Haplothrips graminis Hood, and Chirothrips spp. also were confirmed in this study to be potential vectors in the tobacco farmscape. Weed hosts in the farmscape appear to be influential as refuge and nutrients for vectors and an innoculant source of tomato spotted wilt virus in the flue-cured tobacco farmscape.

scholarly journals The Efficiency by Which Thrips tabaci Populations Transmit Tomato spotted wilt virus Depends on Their Host Preference and Reproductive Strategy

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 603-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisavet K. Chatzivassiliou ◽  
Dick Peters ◽  
Nikolaos I. Katis
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Strategy ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Host Preference ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Transmission Parameters ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Access Period ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Wilt Virus

Arrhenotokous and thelytokous populations of Thrips tabaci from tobacco or leek plants were evaluated for their ability to transmit Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and for their host preference. Transmission efficiencies were comparatively studied using leaf disks of Petunia hybrida, Datura stramonium, and Nicotiana tabacum cv. Basmas. Adults of arrhenotokous populations collected on infected tobacco plants in the field were efficient transmitters (up to 48.5% transmission) and remained so when maintained on tobacco for several generations. Arrhenotokous T. tabacipopulations from leek plants were poor transmitters (up to 3.1% transmission), whereas no transmission was obtained with thelytokous populations from leek. All populations could infest leek, however none of the arrhenotokous and thelytokous populations from leek plants was able to infest tobacco. TSWV could be acquired by both first and second larval instars of a T. tabacipopulation from tobacco. However, the transmission by adults decreased with the age at which the virus was acquired by larvae. The highest efficiencies (61% of males and 51% of females transmitted) were obtained when newborn (0- to 24-h old) larvae acquired the virus. The majority of thrips started to transmit after becoming adult and rates were positively correlated with the temperature at which the thrips were kept. The median latent period values found for adults decreased with increasing temperature. The median acquisition access period (AAP50) of the population was 41 min, whereas the AAP50 was 65 min for males and 35 min for females. The median inoculation access period of males was 246 and 365 min on tobacco and petunia, respectively, and 96 and 345 min for females. The results show that T. tabaci forms a complex in terms of host preference, reproductive strategy, and ability to transmit TSWV. The transmission parameters show that the thrips of arrhenotokous populations infesting tobacco are highly efficient vectors.

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