Diaeretiella rapae Limits Myzus persicae Populations After Applications of Deltamethrin in Oilseed Rape

2005 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Desneux ◽  
Xavier Fauvergue ◽  
FranÇois-Xavier Dechaume-Moncharmont ◽  
Lucien Kerhoas ◽  
Yannick Ballanger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Diaeretiella Rapae

Effect of pirimicarb on the foraging behaviour of Diaeretiella rapae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on host-free and infested oilseed rape plants

1996 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.A. Umoru ◽  
W. Powell ◽  
S.J. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Diaeretiella Rapae ◽  
Aphid Parasitoid ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Aphid Populations

AbstractThe effects of the aphicide pirimicarb on the foraging behaviour of the aphid parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae were investigated in the laboratory, using aphid-infested and uninfested, young oilseed rape plants. Female parasitoids spent significantly less time foraging on plants sprayed with pirimicarb within the previous 24 h than on untreated plants, regardless of the presence of aphid hosts. Whilst foraging on sprayed plants, parasitoids spent relatively more time walking than they did when foraging on untreated plants. On sprayed plants foraging parasitoids tended to avoid leaf surfaces, thereby reducing the chances of encountering aphid hosts whilst on the plant. These sublethal effects of the aphicide on foraging parasitoids would considerably reduce their impact on aphid populations which survived in a crop after spraying. This has important implications for the control of aphids, such as Myzus persicae, which have developed pesticide resistant strains.

scholarly journals Parasitism rate of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) by Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh) in the presence of an alternative, resistant host

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Evangelista Ferreira ◽  
Marcus Vinicius Sampaio ◽  
Reinaldo Silva de Oliveira ◽  
Heraldo Luís de Vasconcelos
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Diaeretiella Rapae ◽  
Parasitism Rate

scholarly journals Effects of cis-Jasmone Treatment of Brassicas on Interactions With Myzus persicae Aphids and Their Parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamin Ali ◽  
Anca D. Covaci ◽  
Joe M. Roberts ◽  
Islam S. Sobhy ◽  
William D. J. Kirk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Methyl Salicylate ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Diaeretiella Rapae ◽  
Methyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Volatile Emission ◽  
Brassica Crops ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Promising Treatment

There is a need to develop new ways of protecting plants against aphid attack. Here, we investigated the effect of a plant defence activator, cis-jasmone (CJ), in a range of cultivars of Brassica napus, Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea. Plants were sprayed with cis-jasmone or blank formulation and then tested with peach potato aphids (Myzus persicae Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and their parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae (M'Intosh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). CJ treated plants had significantly lower aphid settlement than control plants in a settlement bioassay. Conversely, in a foraging bioassay, D. rapae parasitoids spent a significantly longer time foraging on CJ treated plants. Our results reveal that CJ treatment makes plants less attractive to and less suitable for M. persicae but more attractive to D. rapae in a range of brassica cultivars. It is likely that these effects are due to changes in volatile emission indicating activation of defence and presence of conspecific competitors to aphids but presence of prey to parasitoids. Increases in volatile emission were found in CJ induced plants but varied with genotype. Among the synthetic volatile compounds that were induced in the headspace of CJ treated brassica cultivars, methyl isothiocyanate, methyl salicylate and cis-jasmone were most repellent to aphids. These results build on earlier studies in Arabidopsis and show that tritrophic interactions are influenced by CJ in a wide range of brassica germplasm. The implication is that CJ is a promising treatment that could be used in brassica crops as part of an integrated pest management system.

Uncommon associations in target resistance among French populations of Myzus persicae from oilseed rape crops

2011 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 881-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Séverine Fontaine ◽  
Laëtitia Caddoux ◽  
Christine Brazier ◽  
Corentin Bertho ◽  
Paul Bertolla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Myzus Persicae

Different pepper cultivars affect performance of second (Myzus persicae) and third (Diaeretiella rapae) trophic levels

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 194-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Ghorbanian ◽  
Yaghoub Fathipour ◽  
Ali Asghar Talebi ◽  
Gadi V.P. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Diaeretiella Rapae

scholarly journals Genetic variation and covariation of susceptibility to parasitoids in the aphid Myzus persicae : no evidence for trade-offs

2008 ◽  
Vol 275 (1638) ◽  
pp. 1089-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone von Burg ◽  
Julia Ferrari ◽  
Christine B Müller ◽  
Christoph Vorburger
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Diaeretiella Rapae ◽  
Mortality Factor ◽  
General Mechanism ◽  
Clonal Variation ◽  
Heritable Variation ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Strong Negative Selection

Parasitoids are an important mortality factor for insects. Susceptibility to parasitoids should thus be under strong negative selection. Nevertheless, ample genetic variation for susceptibility to parasitoids is commonly observed in natural populations, suggesting that trade-offs may constrain the evolution of reduced susceptibility. This can be studied by assessing genetic variation for susceptibility and its covariation with other components of fitness. In a set of 17 clones of the peach potato aphid, Myzus persicae , for which good estimates of heritable variation for life-history traits were available, we found significant clonal variation for susceptibility to two of their common parasitoids: Aphidius colemani and Diaeretiella rapae . One clone, the only one harbouring a facultative endosymbiotic bacterium, Regiella insecticola , was entirely resistant to both parasitoids. Susceptibilities to the two parasitoids exhibited a positive genetic correlation close to unity, implying a general mechanism of defence. However, the susceptibility to parasitoids was uncorrelated to the clones' fecundity or rate of increase, providing no evidence for costs of the ability to resist parasitoids.

Evaluation of Bt-toxin uptake by the non-target herbivore, Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae), feeding on transgenic oilseed rape

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Burgio ◽  
A. Lanzoni ◽  
G. Accinelli ◽  
G. Dinelli ◽  
A. Bonetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Phloem Sap ◽  
Bt Toxin ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
Transgenic Oilseed Rape ◽  
Method Of Extraction ◽  
Mean Concentration

AbstractAs consequence of the concern about the biosafety of genetically modified plants, biological and ecological studies are considered crucial for environmental risk assessment. Laboratory experiments were carried out in order to evaluate the transfer of the Cry1Ac Bt-toxin from a transgenic Bt-oilseed rape to a non-target pest, Myzus persicae Sulzer. Cry1Ac protein levels in plants and aphids were determined using a double sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Phloem sap from (Bt+) and (Bt−) oilseed rape plants was collected from leaves using a standard method of extraction in an EDTA buffer. Bt-toxin was present in phloem sap, with a mean concentration of 2.7±1.46 ppb, corresponding to a 24-fold lower level than in oilseed rape leaves. Toxin was also detected in aphid samples, with a mean concentration in the positive samples of 2.0±0.8 ppb. The evidence that Bt-toxin remains in herbivores, in this case an aphid, could be useful to clarify functional aspects linked to possible consequences of Bt-crops on food chains involving herbivore–natural enemy trophic systems. Further studies are needed in order to improve the knowledge on the functional aspects linked to the transfer of the Cry1Ac Bt-toxin from GM-oilseed rape to aphids and their possible consequence.

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