scholarly journals Effects of cis-Jasmone Treatment of Brassicas on Interactions With Myzus persicae Aphids and Their Parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamin Ali ◽  
Anca D. Covaci ◽  
Joe M. Roberts ◽  
Islam S. Sobhy ◽  
William D. J. Kirk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Methyl Salicylate ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Diaeretiella Rapae ◽  
Methyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Volatile Emission ◽  
Brassica Crops ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Promising Treatment

There is a need to develop new ways of protecting plants against aphid attack. Here, we investigated the effect of a plant defence activator, cis-jasmone (CJ), in a range of cultivars of Brassica napus, Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea. Plants were sprayed with cis-jasmone or blank formulation and then tested with peach potato aphids (Myzus persicae Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and their parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae (M'Intosh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). CJ treated plants had significantly lower aphid settlement than control plants in a settlement bioassay. Conversely, in a foraging bioassay, D. rapae parasitoids spent a significantly longer time foraging on CJ treated plants. Our results reveal that CJ treatment makes plants less attractive to and less suitable for M. persicae but more attractive to D. rapae in a range of brassica cultivars. It is likely that these effects are due to changes in volatile emission indicating activation of defence and presence of conspecific competitors to aphids but presence of prey to parasitoids. Increases in volatile emission were found in CJ induced plants but varied with genotype. Among the synthetic volatile compounds that were induced in the headspace of CJ treated brassica cultivars, methyl isothiocyanate, methyl salicylate and cis-jasmone were most repellent to aphids. These results build on earlier studies in Arabidopsis and show that tritrophic interactions are influenced by CJ in a wide range of brassica germplasm. The implication is that CJ is a promising treatment that could be used in brassica crops as part of an integrated pest management system.

scholarly journals Parasitism rate of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) by Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh) in the presence of an alternative, resistant host

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Evangelista Ferreira ◽  
Marcus Vinicius Sampaio ◽  
Reinaldo Silva de Oliveira ◽  
Heraldo Luís de Vasconcelos
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Diaeretiella Rapae ◽  
Parasitism Rate

scholarly journals Host-Plant Variations Affect the Biotic Potential, Survival, and Population Projection of Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 375
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yasir Ali ◽  
Tayyaba Naseem ◽  
Muhammad Arshad ◽  
Ijaz Ashraf ◽  
Muhammad Rizwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Population Projection ◽  
Chili Pepper ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Pepper Plant ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Wide Range

The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae Sulzer (Hemiptera: Aphididae), a polyphagous insect pest is a major threat to a wide range of crops worldwide. Aiming to evaluate the life history traits of M. persicae, feeding on different host plants, we used five vegetables: cabbage, Brassica oleracea (Brassicaceae); chinese cabbage, B. rapa (Brassicaceae); chili pepper, Capsicum annum (Solanaceae); crown daisy, Chrysanthemum coronarium (Asteraceae); and eggplant, Solanum melongena (Solanaceae). TWOSEX-MSchart software was used for the statistical analysis about the age-stage, two-sex life table theory. The highest fecundity (69.65 individuals) rate of M. persicae, intrinsic rate of increase (r = 0.425 d−1), finite rate of increase (λ = 1.531 d−1), net reproductive rate (R0 = 69.65 offspring), and shortest mean generation time (T = 9.964 d) were recorded on the chili pepper plant. Whereas, lower fitness occurred on cabbage. The findings attained from population growth parameters indicate that chili pepper is the most susceptible plant, while cabbage is resistant to aphids. Population projection results also supported this statement, as the final total population size on cabbage was significantly lower than other plants. The reported information would be useful for devising integrated pest management programs, particularly those involving M. persicae. This information also suggests the adaptability of M. persicae causing economic damage to these vegetable cultivars.

scholarly journals Insecticidal activity of citronella grass essential oil on Frankliniella schultzei and Myzus persicae

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Fontes Pinheiro ◽  
Vagner Tebaldi de Queiroz ◽  
Vando Miossi Rondelli ◽  
Adilson Vidal Costa ◽  
Tiago de Paula Marcelino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Frankliniella Schultzei ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Citronella Grass

The thrips, Frankliniella schultzei, and green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, cause direct damage to plants of economic importance and transmit phytoviruses, causing large economic losses. Chemical constituents of essential oils present a wide range of biological activities. The aim of this work was to evaluate insecticidal activity of essential oil from citronella grass, Cymbopogon winterianus, on F. schultzei and M. persicae. This essential oil was obtained by steam distillation and components were identified by GC/FID and GC/MS. A Potter spray tower was used to spray insects with the essential oil. The major constituents are geraniol (28.62%), citronellal (23.62%) and citronellol (17.10%). Essential oil of C. winterianus at 1% (w v-1) causes mortality in F. schultzei and M. persicae at 34.3% and 96.9%, respectively. The LC50 value for M. persicae was 0.36% and LC90 0.66%. Thus, citronella grass essential oil at 1% (w v-1) is more toxic to M. persicae than F. schultzei. This essential oil shows promise for developing pesticides to manage M. persicae.

scholarly journals Quantifying seed production by volunteer canola (Brassica napus) and Sinapis arvensis

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-497
Author(s):  
E Soltani ◽  
A Soltani ◽  
S Galeshi ◽  
F Ghaderi-far ◽  
E Zeinali
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Sinapis Arvensis ◽  
Soil Seed Banks ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Close Relationship

Volunteer canola (Brassica napus) and Sinapis arvensis are well identified weeds of different cropping systems. Quantitative information on regarding seed production by them is limited. Such information is necessary to model dynamics of soil seed banks. The aim of this work was to quantify seed production as a function of the size of those weeds. A wide range of plant size was produced by using a fan seeding system performed at two sowing dates (environments). Plant size varied from 3 to 167 g per plant for canola and from 6 to 104 g per plant for S. arvensis. Seed production ranged from 543 to14,773 seeds per plant for canola, and from 264 to 10,336 seeds per plant for S. arvensis. There was a close relationship between seed production per plant and plant size which was well-described by a power function (y = 130.6x0.94; R² = 0.93 for canola and y = 28x1.27; R² = 0.95 for S. arvensis). There was also strong relationships among the number of pods produced in individual plants and the quantity of seeds produced (g per plant) with the size of the plant. The relationships found in this study can be used in dynamic seed bank models of volunteer canola and S. arvensis.

scholarly journals Onorchard habitats for Nysius huttoni an important kiwifruit passenger pest

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 326-326
Author(s):  
C.A. Rowe ◽  
M.G. Hill ◽  
D.P. Logan
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Preliminary Survey ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Quarantine Pest ◽  
Polygonum Aviculare ◽  
Brassica Crops ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Incidence

Nysius huttoni is a native species of wheat bug which is an occasional quarantine pest on export kiwifruit Wheat bug has a wide range of host plants including wheat and brassica crops as well as many weed species The kiwifruit harvest of 2013 had a high incidence of wheat bug finds on fruit in packhouses In response an orchard survey was undertaken to identify orchard habitats used by wheat bug Twentyfive orchards where wheat bug was found during packing in 2013 were surveyed from the Te Puke area from February to March At each orchard four habitats were searched (1) ground vegetation under the kiwifruit canopy (2) the loadout zone (3) edge of the loadout zone and (4) grassland surrounding the was found in and around the loadout zone associated with weed species notably Polygonum aviculare the dominant weed species in loadout zones No wheat bug was found under the kiwifruit canopy and the remaining 4 were found in grassland This preliminary survey suggests that the risk of wheat bug infestation can be reduced considerably by keeping loadout zones free of weeds during spring and summer

scholarly journals Biological Activity of Bicyclic and Tricyclic Diterpenoids from Salvia Species of Immediate Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Interest

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1100600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Carmela Bonito ◽  
Carla Cicala ◽  
Maria Carla Marcotullio ◽  
Francesco Maione ◽  
Nicola Mascolo
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Real Value ◽  
Antimicrobic Activity ◽  
Cyclic Compounds

Diterpenoids are a class of compounds that derive from the condensation of four isoprene units that leads to a wide variety of complex chemical structures, including acyclic bi-, tri-and tetra-cyclic compounds; in Salvia species, only bi-, tri-and tetra-cyclic compounds have been found. This review covers a wide range of biological activities and mode of action of diterpenoids isolated from Salvia species that might raise some pharmacological and pharmaceutical interest. We have produced a synoptic table where the biological activities of the main active principles are summarized. Our analysis emphasizes that diterpenoids from Salvia species continue to be a plant defence system since their antimicrobic activity. Experimental studies show that most of diterpenoids considered have cytotoxic and / or antiproliferative activity. Some of them have also cardiovascular and central effects. In a less extended manner, diterpenoids from Salvia species show gastrointestinal, urinary, antinflammatory, antidiabetic, ipolipidemic and antiaggregating effects. In the last decade, several clinical trials have been developed in order to investigate the real value of Salvia extracts treatment; results obtained are promising and confer scientific basis in the use of medicinal plants from folk medicine.

scholarly journals Remobilisation and Fate of Sulphur in Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea. L)

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Borpatragohain ◽  
King ◽  
Rose ◽  
Liu ◽  
Kretzschmar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Seed Storage Proteins ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
Wide Range

Understanding the basis of sulphur (S) use efficiency in higher S requiring crops such as brassicas can help develop more cost-effective cultivars. Oleriferous brassicas sequester reduced S in the mature seeds mainly as secondary metabolite-glucosinolate (GSL) and seed storage proteins (SSP). Glucosinolates have a wide range of positive aspects in food production, human nutrition and plant defence, and SSPs are a potential source of high quality vegetable proteins for human and livestock consumption. We carried out a developmental S audit to establish the net fluxes of S in two lines of B. juncea mustard where the level of seed GSL differed. We quantified S pools (sulphate, GSL and total S) in different organs at multiple growth stages until maturity. We have established that leaf S components accumulated as primary S sinks at early developmental stages in condiment type B. juncea become remobilised as a secondary S source to meet the demand of GSL as the dominant seed S sink at maturity. Our evidence for S remobilisation from leaves as primary S sink suggests that up or down regulation of signalling molecules which mediate between secondary S sinks and sources may help modulate economically valuable S compounds in brassica seed.

scholarly journals Sulfur and Sulfur Compounds in Plant Defence

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ifeanyi D. Nwachukwu ◽  
Alan J. Slusarenko ◽  
Martin C. H. Gruhlke
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Sulfur Compounds ◽  
Oxidation States ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sulfur Containing ◽  
Sulfur Containing Compounds

The multiplicity of chemical structures of sulfur containing compounds, influenced in part by the element's several oxidation states, directly results in diverse modes of action for sulfur-containing natural products synthesized as secondary metabolites in plants. Sulfur-containing natural products constitute a formidable wall of defence against a wide range of pathogens and pests. Steady progress in the development of new technologies have advanced research in this area, helping to uncover the role of such important plant defence molecules like endogenously-released elemental sulphur, but also deepening current understanding of other better-studied compounds like the glucosinolates. As studies continue in this area, it is becoming increasingly evident that sulfur and sulfur compounds play far more important roles in plant defence than perhaps previously suspected.

Characterization of the M918T sodium channel gene mutation associated with strong resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in the peach-potato aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer)

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Eleftherianos ◽  
S.P. Foster ◽  
M.S. Williamson ◽  
I. Denholm
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Channel ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Type I ◽  
Pyrethroid Insecticides ◽  
Potato Aphid ◽  
Channel Gene ◽  
Sodium Channel Gene ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Peach Potato Aphid

AbstractRecent advances in the characterisation of insect sodium channel gene sequences have identified a small number of point mutations within the channel protein that are implicated in conferring target-site resistance to pyrethroid insecticides (so-called knockdown resistance or kdr). The L1014F (leucine-to-phenylalanine) mutation located in the centre of segment 6 of the domain II region (IIS6) of the sodium channel (the so-called kdr trait) has been detected in the peach-potato aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), and is considered to be the primary cause of pyrethroid resistance in this species. Here we report on the characterisation of a second mutation, M918T (methione-to-threonine), within the nearby IIS4–S5 intracellular linker (the so-called super-kdr trait) in a field clone also possessing L1014F, with both mutations present in heterozygous form. The resistance phenotype of M. persicae clones possessing various combinations of L1014F and M918T to a wide range of pyrethroids (both Type I and II) was assessed in leaf-dip bioassays and to lambda-cyhalothrin applied at up to ten times the recommended field rate as foliar sprays to aphids feeding on whole plants. Bioassay results demonstrated that presence of both mutations was associated with extreme resistance to all the pyrethroids tested relative to aphids lacking the mutations. Furthermore, this resistance well exceeded that shown by aphids that were homozygous for L1014F but lacking M918T. However, pre-treatment with piperonyl butoxide in the leaf-dip bioassays failed to suppress pyrethroid resistance in aphids carrying one or both of the mutations. The relevance of these findings for monitoring and managing pyrethroid resistance in M. persicae populations in the field is discussed.

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