scholarly journals Host Suitability and Fitness-Related Parameters in Coptera haywardi (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae) Reared on Irradiated Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) Pupae Stemming From the tsl Vienna-8 Genetic Sexing Strain

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 1666-1674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Segundo R Núñez-Campero ◽  
Lorena Suárez ◽  
María Josefina Buonocore Biancheri ◽  
Jorge Cancino ◽  
Fernando Murúa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Genetic Sexing ◽  
Fitness Parameters ◽  
Genetic Sexing Strain

Abstract Coptera haywardi (Ogloblin) is a pupal endoparasitoid of tephritid flies with great potential as a biological control agent worldwide as it does not attack other Diptera. To reach its full potential, its mass rearing needs to be enhanced lowering costs. Here, we focused on the use of irradiated pupae of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) stemming from the temperature-sensitive lethal (tsl) Vienna-8 genetic sexing strain (= CcVienna-8), which is mass-produced in the San Juan Medfly and Parasitoid Mass Rearing Facility in Argentina. Exposure of 1- to 2-d-old CcVienna-8 pupae irradiated at 90 Gy to 6- to 8-d-old C. haywardi females at a 10:1 host/parasitoid ratio for 24 h turned out to be highly successful for the rearing of this parasitoid. High radiation doses (90–100 Gy) did not adversely influence fitness parameters of C. haywardi offspring F1, namely lifetime reproductive rates, adult life expectancy, and survival time. Demographic parameters in C. haywardi F1 from irradiated CcVienna-8 young pupae were improved compared to those values recorded from parasitoid originated from nonirradiated CcVienna-8 pupae. These findings will help to enhance parasitoid mass rearing for augmentative releases against medfly in Argentinean fruit-producing regions.

scholarly journals Pupation Substrate Type and Volume Affect Pupation, Quality Parameters and Production Costs of a Reproductive Colony of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) VIENNA 8 Genetic Sexing Strain

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 337
Author(s):  
Carlos Pascacio-Villafán ◽  
Luis Quintero-Fong ◽  
Larissa Guillén ◽  
José Pedro Rivera-Ciprian ◽  
Reynaldo Aguilar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Cellulose I ◽  
Coconut Fiber ◽  
Genetic Sexing ◽  
Recycled Paper ◽  
Genetic Sexing Strain

Adequate pupation substrates and substrate volume are critical factors in the mass-rearing of insects for Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) applications. To identify an ideal pupation substrate for a reproductive colony of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) VIENNA 8 genetic sexing strain, we first examined pupation in cellulose from recycled paper (cellulose I), sawdust, fine wheat bran, vermiculite and coconut fiber using a volume of 2.5–12.5 mL of substrate for each 5 mL volume of fly larvae. We found a positive relationship between substrate volume and pupation, with cellulose I generating the highest proportions of pupation and coconut fiber the lowest. Higher proportions of female flies (white pupae) pupated in sawdust. The proportion of female fliers increased as substrate volume rose in sawdust and coconut fiber, whereas it decreased in vermiculite and cellulose. In a second experiment, we tested three types of cellulose differing in physicochemical characteristics (celluloses I, II and III), sawdust, and fine wheat bran using a substrate:larvae ratio of 1:1. The three types of cellulose produced the highest pupation levels. The highest proportions of female fliers were observed in sawdust, and cellulose types III and II. Cellulose III and sawdust at relatively low volumes were more cost-effective to produce one million pupae than other substrates, including fine wheat bran used in a mass-rearing facility in Mexico.

Radiation on Medfly Larvae of tsl Vienna-8 Genetic Sexing Strain Displays Reduced Parasitoid Encapsulation in Mass-Reared Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 1134-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Suárez ◽  
María Josefina Buonocore Biancheri ◽  
Guillermo Sánchez ◽  
Jorge Cancino ◽  
Fernando Murúa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Mediterranean Fruit Fly ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Genetic Sexing ◽  
Diachasmimorpha Longicaudata ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Genetic Sexing Strain ◽  
Parasitoid Encapsulation

Abstract Improvements in the mass rearing of Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) on larvae of the Vienna-8 temperature-sensitive lethal genetic sexing strain of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) (= GSS Vienna-8) at the San Juan biofactory, Argentina, are currently under way. Lowering cost production is a key factor regarding parasitoid rearing. Thus, the variation in mass-reared parasitoid encapsulation levels and the incidence of superparasitism were determined; also, the gamma radiation dose-effect relation on host larvae and the influence of Mediterranean fruit fly strain were considered. Naked Mediterranean fruit fly larvae of both GSS Vienna-8 and a wild bisexual strain (= WBS) aged 6-d-old were irradiated at 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 Gy, and exposed to parasitoid females. Melanization level was tested for encapsulated parasitoid larval first-instars (= L1). Non-irradiated and irradiated WBS larvae at 20–40 Gy displayed a significantly higher incidence of encapsulation when compared with GSS Vienna-8 larvae. The low melanized level in encapsulated parasitoid L1 was the most common melanization process at 72 h puparium dissection. A high melanized level was only found in non-irradiated WBS larvae. Irradiated GSS Vienna-8 larvae can neutralize the host immunological reactions over irradiated WBS larvae much more quickly. Superparasitism intensity in both Mediterranean fruit fly strains was not affected by radiation doses. High levels of superparasitism seemingly helped to overcome the host’s immune reaction by the surviving parasitoid larva. Parasitoid emergence increased from 60 Gy onwards in both Mediterranean fruit fly strains. Radiation in GSS Vienna-8 larvae may favor host’s antagonistic reactions decrease in relation with D. longicaudata development.

scholarly journals Improving the Phenotypic Properties of the Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) Temperature-Sensitive Lethal Genetic Sexing Strain in Support of Sterile Insect Technique Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 2688-2694
Author(s):  
Mitzy F Porras ◽  
Jose S Meza ◽  
Edwin G Rajotte ◽  
Kostas Bourtzis ◽  
Carlos Cáceres
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Sterile Insect Technique ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Genetic Sexing ◽  
Phenotypic Properties ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
Genetic Sexing Strain

Abstract The genetic sexing strain (GSS) of the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann)) Vienna 8D53− is based on a male-linked translocation system and uses two selectable markers for male-only production, the white pupae (wp) and the temperature sensitivity lethal (tsl) genes. In this GSS, males emerge from brown pupae and are resistant to high temperatures while females emerge from white pupae, are sensitive to high temperatures. However, double homozygous females (wp tsl/wp tsl) exhibit a slower development rate compared to heterozygous males (wp+tsl+/wp tsl) during the larval stage, which was attributed to the pleiotropic effects of the tsl gene. We present the first evidence that this slower development is due to a different gene, here namely slow development (sd), which is closely linked to the tsl gene. Taking advantage of recombination phenomena between the two loci, we report the isolation of a novel temperature sensitivity lethal strain using the wp mutation as a morphological marker, which showed faster development (wp tsl FD) during the larval stage and increased in its temperature sensitivity compared with the normal tsl strain. Moreover, the introgression of this novel wp tsl FD combined trait into the Vienna 8D53− GSS, resulted in a novel Vienna 8D53− FD GSS, where females showed differences in the thermal sensibility, larval development speed, and productivity profiles. The modification of these traits and their impact on the mass rearing of the GSS for sterile insect technique applications are discussed.

Improved stability of genetic sex-separation strains for the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata

Genome ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Franz ◽  
E. Gencheva ◽  
Ph. Kerremans
Keyword(s):  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Recombination Frequency ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Genetic Sexing ◽  
Male Recombination ◽  
Comparable Level ◽  
Improved Stability ◽  
Genetic Sexing Strains

In the existing genetic sexing strains for the medfly, Ceratitis capitata, male recombination leads to breakdown of the sexing mechanism under mass rearing conditions. The rate of breakdown depends on the recombination frequency and on the fitness of the recombinants. We have tested two different sexing genes, white pupa and a temperature sensitive lethal, in combination with the translocation T(Y;5)30C. Both sexing strains broke down, although at very different rates. In the case of the white pupa strain, 3.5% recombinants were observed after rearing the strain for 15 generations. The second strain, utilizing white pupa and the temperature sensitive lethal as selectable markers, already reached a comparable level after six generations and was broken down completely in the ninth generation. In these strains the frequency of recombination is high because the breakpoint of T(Y;5)30C and the sexing gene(s) are far apart. To remedy the situation, we have isolated four new translocations with breakpoints located closer to the sexing genes. Mass rearing was simulated for several generations with strains based on these translocations and no breakdown was observed under the conditions used.Key words: medfly, sterile insect technique, genetic sexing, recombination.

Effects of contamination with wild-type males, virgin females or mated females, on the stability of the T:Y(ωp†)30C genetic sexing strain of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae)

1993 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-606
Author(s):  
A.A. Kafu ◽  
E. Busch-Petersen ◽  
R.J. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
White Male ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Temporary Increase ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Genetic Sexing ◽  
Fitness Advantage ◽  
Genetic Sexing Strain

AbstractThe T:Y(ωp†)30c genetic sexing strain of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), which is designed to generate males with brown (wild-type) pupae and females with white pupae, was contaminated artificially in a series of population experiments, to investigate the pattern of breakdown of the strain. The frequency of brown female pupae increased whether contamination was with males, unmated females or mated females, but the frequency of white male pupae increased only after male or mated female contamination. Contamination with either sex, mated or unmated, caused a rise in the overall frequency of brown pupae. A fitness advantage of the ωp† gene, when not attached to the Y chromosome, seemed to be indicated. The sex ratio became distorted in favour of females after contamination with females, mated or unmated, but not after male contamination which caused a temporary increase in males. The experiments revealed evidence of a low frequency of natural recombination between ωp† and the translocation breakpoint on the Y chromosome, shown by the appearance of a small number of white males that could not be attributed to the experimental procedure. These findings are shown to be relevant in determining whether wild type contamination has taken place in mass rearing of this strain for sterile male release.

scholarly journals Ectoparasite Habrobracon Hebetor Say Is an Efficient Biological Control Agent of Lepidopteran Pests

2021 ◽  
Vol 285 ◽  
pp. 03010
Author(s):  
Irina Agasyeva
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Moth Bean ◽  
Habrobracon Hebetor ◽  
Leaf Roller ◽  
Pod Borer

Ectoparasite Habrobracon hebetor Say is one of the most widely used biological controllers in biological plant protection against a number of harmful lepidopterans, including especially dangerous pests of corn, soy, fruit and vegetable crops. As a result of research conducted in 2017, food specialization and parasitic activity of three different populations of H.hebetor were studied. Two races have been identified for mass rearing and application: pyralid and leaf roller (against corn moth, bean pod borer, apple and plum moths), and pyralid owl-moth (against cotton moth, corn borer, bean pod borer and boxwood moth). As a result of studies of biological features and trophic needs, it has been determined that caterpillars of mill moth (Ephestia cuhniellia Zella) should be used as a host insect for laboratory cultivation of the stock population of the Habrobracon pyralid and leaf roller race (race No. 1). For the introduced from South Kazakhstan the H.hebetor pyralid and noctuid race the most productive rearing is on the caterpillars of large bee moth (Galleria mellonela L.). Optimal temperature for rearing of both races is 26-28 ° C, relative air humidity is 70% and photoperiod is not less than 16 hours. It has been noticed that before laying eggs on the host’s caterpillars, the Habrobracon female preliminarily paralyzes the victim, piercing the sheath with ovipositor. As a result, the caterpillar stops eating and is immobilized. In 3-4 days larvae hatch out of the laid on the caterpillar eggs. The larvae feed on the contents of the caterpillars for 4-5 days, then pupate and after 6-8 days an adult insect leaves the cocoon. The development of one generation lasts 13-16 days, one cocoon includes one parasite. 1,000 large bee moth caterpillars used for infection provide on average 5.8-6.0 thousand cocoons, of which an average of 4.5-4.7 thousand parasites fly out.

Irradiation dose does not affect male reproductive organ size, sperm storage, and female remating propensity in Ceratitis capitata

2020 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-90
Author(s):  
S. Abraham ◽  
V. Díaz ◽  
A. Moyano ◽  
G. Castillo ◽  
J. Rull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irradiation Dose ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Organ Size ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Genetic Sexing ◽  
Male Age ◽  
Female Remating ◽  
Accessory Glands

AbstractThe Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata is a globally invasive pest, often controlled with the sterile insect technique (SIT). For the SIT, mass-rearing of the target insect followed by irradiation are imperatives. Sterile males are often less able to inhibit female remating and transfer less number of sperm, and even irradiation could affect male reproductive organs, with consequences for their ability to inhibit female remating. On the other hand, male age could affect their ability to modulate female response after mating. Here, we evaluated the quality of the genetic sexing strain Vienna-8-tsl mass-reared in Bioplanta San Juan, Argentina, under laboratory conditions, with regard to: (i) the ability of sterile males irradiated at 100 or 140 Gy to inhibit female remating, in the same day and at 24 h of first copulation; (ii) the ability of 3, 4 or 5 day-old sterile males to inhibit female remating at 24 h of first copulation, and (iii) the effect of a reduction in irradiation doses on the number of sperm stored by females and reproductive organ size in virgin males. Sterile males were better able than wild males to inhibit female remating in the same day of first copulation and as able as wild males 1 day after first copulation. Male age did not affect their ability to inhibit female receptivity. Number of sperm stored by females, testes size and ectodermal accessory glands size were not affected by male identity, while sterile 100 Gy males had larger mesodermal accessory glands than control lab males. A reduction in irradiation dose does not impact any variable measured, except for percentage of sperm-depleted females: females mated with sterile 100 Gy males had lower probabilities to store sperm. The results showed here are very encouraging for tsl Vienna 8 strain reared in Argentina and are discussed in comparison with previous studies in C. capitata female remating with dissimilar results.

scholarly journals Quantification and Impact of Cold Storage and Heat Exposure on Mass Rearing Program of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera:Tephritidae) Genetic Sexing Strain

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 821
Author(s):  
Jia Lin ◽  
Hanano Yamada ◽  
Ningfeng Lu ◽  
Guofu Ao ◽  
Weiwei Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Thermal Exposure ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Genetic Sexing ◽  
Emergence Rate ◽  
Genetic Sexing Strain ◽  
The Impact

Cold storage and heat exposure are crucial components of tephritid fruit fly mass-rearing programs, as they influence the development and fitness traits of produced flies. This work investigated the effects of cold storage on the pupal developmental parameters and quality of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) genetic sexing strain (GSS) adults. Furthermore, the impact of short-term thermal exposure on the fecundity of B. dorsalis (GSS) that also underwent pupal cold storage was examined. Our results show that pupal development time, emergence rate, partial emergence rate, flight ability and fecundity were significantly affected by low temperature and pupal age and their interaction. Pupal cold storage did not pose negative impacts on the mating competition and response to methyl eugenol (ME) in the males. In addition, compared with the adults that were subjected to the same pupal storage protocol (five-day-old pupae stored at 13 °C), adult exposure to 41 °C for 1 h showed significant reparative effects on fecundity. In summary, the cold storage procedure of B. dorsalis (GSS) pupae has the potential to improve the flexibility and efficiency of mass-rearing schedules. Furthermore, short-term thermal exposure showed reparative effects on the fecundity costs induced by pupal cold storage in B. dorsalis (GSS).

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