Cotesia ruficrus(Hymenoptera: Braconidae) ParasitizingCnaphalocrocis medinalis(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): Developmental Interactions and Food Utilization Efficiency of Hosts

2016 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 588-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Chen ◽  
Xiao-Gai Liu ◽  
Jia Wang ◽  
Jing Zhao ◽  
Zhong-Xian Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae

scholarly journals Influence of elevated CO2 on development and food utilization of armyworm Mythimna separata fed on transgenic Bt maize infected by nitrogen-fixing bacteria

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuo Li ◽  
Megha N. Parajulee ◽  
Fajun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Parental Line ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Mythimna Separate

Background Bt crops will face a new ecological risk of reduced effectiveness against target-insect pests owing to the general decrease in exogenous-toxin content in Bt crops grown under elevated carbon dioxide (CO2). The method chosen to deal with this issue may affect the sustainability of transgenic crops as an effective pest management tool, especially under future atmospheric CO2 level raising. Methods In this study, rhizobacterias, as being one potential biological regulator to enhance nitrogen utilization efficiency of crops, was selected and the effects of Bt maize (Line IE09S034 with Cry1Ie vs. its parental line of non-Bt maize Xianyu 335) infected by Azospirillum brasilense (AB) and Azotobacter chroococcum (AC) on the development and food utilization of the target Mythimna separate under ambient and double-ambient CO2 in open-top chambers from 2016 to 2017. Results The results indicated that rhizobacteria infection significantly increased the larval life-span, pupal duration, relative consumption rate and approximate digestibility of M. separata, and significantly decreased the pupation rate, pupal weight, adult longevity, fecundity, relative growth rate, efficiency of conversion of digested food and efficiency of conversion of ingested food of M. separata fed on Bt maize, while here were opposite trends in development and food utilization of M. separata fed on non-Bt maize infected with AB and AC compared with the control buffer in 2016 and 2017 regardless of CO2 level. Discussion Simultaneously, elevated CO2 and Bt maize both had negative influence on the development and food utilization of M. separata. Presumably, CO2 concentration arising in future significantly can increase their intake of food and harm to maize crop; however, Bt maize infected with rhizobacterias can reduce the field hazards from M. separata and the application of rhizobacteria infection can enhance the resistance of Bt maize against target lepidoptera pests especially under elevated CO2.

Gut Transcriptome Analysis Shows Different Food Utilization Efficiency by the Grasshopper Oedaleous asiaticus (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 1831-1840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xunbing Huang ◽  
Mark Richard McNeill ◽  
Jingchuan Ma ◽  
Xinghu Qin ◽  
Xiongbing Tu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Food Utilization

Two-sex life table and feeding dynamics of Spilosoma obliqua Walker (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) on three green gram cultivars

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.H. Mobarak ◽  
N. Roy ◽  
A. Barik
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Antinutritional Factors ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase

AbstractThe effect of three green gram cultivars (PDM 54, PUSA BAISAKHI and SAMRAT) on the biology of Spilosoma obliqua Walker (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) was studied using age-stage, two-sex life table. We also studied food utilization efficiency measures of larvae on green gram cultivars. The nutritional and antinutritional factors of leaves of green gram cultivars were determined. The preadult development time of S. obliqua was shortest on PDM 54 (35.54 days) and longest on SAMRAT (39.29 days). The fecundity was highest on PDM 54 (318.32) and lowest on SAMRAT (250.20). The net reproductive rate (R0) ranged from 37.53 on SAMRAT to 79.58 on PDM 54. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) was higher on PDM 54 (0.1148 day−1) and PUSA BAISAKHI (0.1018 day−1) than SAMRAT (0.0875 day−1). The finite rate of increase (λ) was lowest on SAMRAT (1.0915 day−1). Mean generation time (T) was shortest on PDM 54 (38.12 days) and longest on SAMRAT (41.42 days). Population projection revealed that the population growth was slowest on SAMRAT. The growth rate of sixth instar larvae was highest on PDM 54 and lowest on SAMRAT. The lower level of nutritional factors such as total carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, amino acids and nitrogen content, and a higher level of antinutritional factors such as total phenols, flavonols and tannins influenced higher development time and lower fecundity of S. obliqua on SAMRAT than other cultivars. These findings suggested that SAMRAT is a less suitable cultivar to S. obliqua than other cultivars, and this cultivar can be promoted for cultivation.

scholarly journals Effect of four varieties of mulberry on biochemistry and nutritional physiology of mulberry pyralid, Glyphodes pyloalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Oftadeh ◽  
J.J. Sendi ◽  
A. Zibaee ◽  
B. Valizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Nutritional Indices ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Nutritional Physiology ◽  
Glyphodes Pyloalis ◽  
Consumption Index ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Optimal Ph

The effects of four mulberry varieties (Kenmochi, Ichinose, Shin Ichinose, Mahalii) on nutritional indices and digestive proteolytic and amylolytic activities of <em>Glyphodes pyloalis</em> Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) were determined at 24±1°C, 75±5% RH and a photoperiod of 16:8 L:D. Fifth instar larvae reared on Shin Ichinose showed the highest efficiency of conversion of digested food and efficiency of conversion of ingested food (3.82±0.16% and 3.11±0.07%, respectively). Approximate digestibility values of the fourth instar larvae were highest (95.23±0.73%) and lowest (91.77±1.45%) on Kenmochi and Shin Ichinose, respectively. The fifth instar larvae fed on Kenmochi had the highest consumption index (4.6±0.73) and lowest relative growth rate (0.03±0.10), respectively. Our results showed that the highest protease activity in optimal pH was on Malalii variety (0.97 U/mg) and the lowest was on Kenmochi (0.75 U/mg). In addition, the highest amylase activity in optimal pH was on Mahalii (0.17 U/mg) and lowest on Kenmochi (0.103 U/mg). Specific proteolytic analysis showed that larvae feeding on Mahalii had the highest activity of trypsin and elastase (2.30 and 2.13 U/mg, respectively). This research showed that plasticity in food utilization and enzyme activity is functionally relevant to host plant cultivars. The results of nutritional indices and activity of digestive enzymes indicated that Kenmochi was an unsuitable host for feeding of <em>Glyphodes pyloalis</em>.

Artemisia frigida (Asterales: Asteraceae) Improves the Growth of Grasshopper Calliptamus abbreviatus and Increases the Risk of Damaging Populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 1195-1201
Author(s):  
Xunbing Huang ◽  
Hidayat Ullah ◽  
Zehua Zhang ◽  
Shenjin Lv
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Artemisia Frigida

Abstract The grasshopper Calliptamus abbreviatus Ikonn is a significant pest species distributed across the northern Asian grasslands. Grasshopper plagues often result in significant loss to plant biomass and subsequent deterioration of grass quality that leads to economic depletion. To better understand the close relationship between C. abbreviatus and host plant species, a 2-yr study was conducted. Results showed that the relative density of C. abbreviatus was positively correlated with aboveground biomass of the plant Artemisia frigida. We hypothesized that A. frigida, the most favorable food resource, was optimal for growth performance and that the presence of this plant species led to C. abbreviatus plagues. A controlled feeding trial showed that C. abbreviatus had better growth performance (i.e., survival rate, body mass, and growth rate) when fed on A. frigida and this host was preferred over other plant species since the consumption and food utilization efficiency on plant was comparatively greater. These results were consistent with the distribution of C. abbreviatus in the grassland and suggested that the presence of A. frigida significantly improved C. abbreviatus growth performance. These findings will be useful for designing improved pest management strategies in response to grassland vegetation succession due to grazing, climate change, or human interference.

scholarly journals Influence of elevated CO2 on development and food utilization of target armyworm Mythimna separata fed on transgenic Bt maize infected by nitrogen-fixing bacteria

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuo Li ◽  
Yingying Song ◽  
Likun Li ◽  
Long Wang ◽  
Bin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Azotobacter Chroococcum ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Mythimna Separata ◽  
Bt Crops ◽  
Mythimna Separate ◽  
Buffer Control

AbstractBt crops will face a new ecological risk of reduced effectiveness against target-insect pests owing to the general decrease in exogenous-toxin content in Bt crops grown under elevated CO2. How to deal with this issue may affect the sustainability of transgenic crops as an effective pest management tool especially under future CO2 raising. In this study, azotobacters, as being one potential biological regulator to enhance crops’ nitrogen utilization efficiency, were selected and the effects of Bt maize and non-Bt maize infected by Azospirillum brasilense and Azotobacter chroococcum on development and food utilization of target Mythimna separate were studied under ambient and elevated CO2. The results indicated that azotobacter infection significantly increased larval life-span, pupal duration, RCR and AD of M. separata, and significantly decreased RGR, ECD and ECI of M. separata fed on Bt maize; There were opposite trends in development and food utilization of M. separata fed on non-Bt maize infected with azotobacters compared with the buffer control regardless of CO2 level. Presumably, the application of azotobacter infection could make Bt maize facing lower field hazards from the target pest of M. separate, and finally improve the resistance of Bt maize against target lepidoptera pests especially under elevated CO2.Summary statementElevated CO2 effect on development and food utilization of target armyworm Mythimna separata fed on Bt maize infected by azotobacter, Azospirillum brasilense and Azotobacter chroococcum

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