Horizontal and Vertical Transmission of West Nile Virus by Aedes vexans (Diptera: Culicidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 1614-1618 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F Anderson ◽  
Andrew J Main ◽  
Francis J Ferrandino
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
West Nile Virus Infection ◽  
The United States ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Aedes Vexans ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Virus Family ◽  
Virus Exposure

Abstract West Nile virus (family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus) first caused human and veterinary disease, and was isolated from Culex pipiens pipiens L. and Aedes vexans (Meigen) (Diptera: Culicidae) in the United States in 1999. We report that a Connecticut strain of Ae. vexans was competent to transmit West Nile virus both horizontally to suckling mice and vertically to its progeny in the laboratory. Horizontal transmission was first observed on day 6 post-exposure (pe). Daily horizontal transmission rates generally increased with the day post-virus exposure with highest rates of 67–100% recorded on days 28–30 pe. One female vertically transmitted West Nile virus on day 21 pe, but only after it had taken its third bloodmeal. Horizontal and vertical transmission may contribute to West Nile virus infection rates in Ae. vexans in summer, and vertical transmission provides a means of survival of West Nile virus during winter.

scholarly journals West Nile Virus Infection in the Central Nervous System

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evandro R. Winkelmann ◽  
Huanle Luo ◽  
Tian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
West Nile Virus Infection ◽  
The United States ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Neurological Sequelae ◽  
The Central Nervous System

West Nile virus (WNV), a neurotropic single-stranded flavivirus has been the leading cause of arboviral encephalitis worldwide.  Up to 50% of WNV convalescent patients in the United States were reported to have long-term neurological sequelae.  Neither antiviral drugs nor vaccines are available for humans.  Animal models have been used to investigate WNV pathogenesis and host immune response in humans.  In this review, we will discuss recent findings from studies in animal models of WNV infection, and provide new insights on WNV pathogenesis and WNV-induced host immunity in the central nervous system.

scholarly journals Seasonal temperatures and hydrological conditions improve the prediction of West Nile virus infection rates in Culex mosquitoes and human case counts in New York and Connecticut

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. e0217854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander C. Keyel ◽  
Oliver Elison Timm ◽  
P. Bryon Backenson ◽  
Catharine Prussing ◽  
Sarah Quinones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
West Nile Virus Infection ◽  
Human Case ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Culex Mosquitoes ◽  
Hydrological Conditions

scholarly journals Protective and Therapeutic Capacity of Human Single-Chain Fv-Fc Fusion Proteins against West Nile Virus

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (23) ◽  
pp. 14606-14613 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Hannah Gould ◽  
Jianhua Sui ◽  
Harald Foellmer ◽  
Theodore Oliphant ◽  
Tian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Envelope Protein ◽  
Fusion Proteins ◽  
Passive Immunization ◽  
West Nile Virus Infection ◽  
The United States ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Virus Serotype

ABSTRACT West Nile virus has spread rapidly across the United States, and there is currently no approved human vaccine or therapy to prevent or treat disease. Passive immunization with antibodies against the envelope protein represents a promising means to provide short-term prophylaxis and treatment for West Nile virus infection. In this study, we identified a panel of 11 unique human single-chain variable region antibody fragments (scFvs) that bind the envelope protein of West Nile virus. Selected scFvs were converted to Fc fusion proteins (scFv-Fcs) and were tested in mice for their ability to prevent lethal West Nile virus infection. Five of these scFv-Fcs, 11, 15, 71, 85, and 95, protected 100% of mice from death when given prior to infection with virus. Two of them, 11 and 15, protected 80% of mice when given at days 1 and 4 after infection. In addition, four of the scFv-Fcs cross-neutralized dengue virus, serotype 2. Binding assays using yeast surface display demonstrated that all of our scFvs bind to sites within domains I and II of West Nile virus envelope protein. These recombinant human scFvs are potential candidates for immunoprophylaxis and therapy of flavivirus infections.

West Nile Virus Infection Rates in Culex nigripalpus (Diptera: Culicidae) Do Not Reflect Transmission Rates in Florida

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Roxanne Rutledge ◽  
Jonathan F. Day ◽  
Cynthia C. Lord ◽  
Lillian M. Stark ◽  
Walter J. Tabachnick
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
West Nile Virus Infection ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Transmission Rates ◽  
Culex Nigripalpus
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document