Comparative Phylogeography and Integrative Taxonomy of Ochlerotatus caspius (Dipera: Culicidae) and Ochlerotatus dorsalis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljubinka Francuski ◽  
Jasmina Ludoški ◽  
Aleksandra Milutinović ◽  
Bosiljka Krtinić ◽  
Vesna Milankov
Keyword(s):  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Its2 Rdna ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Coi Mtdna

Abstract Given that accurately identifying pathogen vectors is vital for designing efficient mosquito control programs based on the proper surveillance of the epidemiologically important species, it has been suggested the complementary use of independently evolving genes and morphometric traits as a reliable approach for the characterization and delimitation of related species. Hence, we examined the spatial distribution of COI mtDNA and ITS2 rDNA variation from the historical perspective of Ochlerotatus caspius (Pallas, 1771) and O. dorsalis (Meigen, 1830), while simultaneously testing the utility of the two markers in integrative species delimitation when combined with phenotypic character analyses of larvae and adults. Despite the striking difference in haplotype diversity (high in COI mtDNA, low in ITS2 rDNA), no evident phylogeographic structure was apparent in the Palearctic O. caspius. The Holarctic O. dorsalis species was subdivided into two highly distinctive COI mtDNA phylogroups which corresponded to the Nearctic and Palearctic regions. Strong support for the independence of the two allopatric evolutionary lineages suggested that geographical barrier and climatic changes during Pleistocene caused vicariance of the ancestral range. COI mtDNA reliably distinguished O. caspius and O. dorsalis, while ITS2 rDNA yet again lacked the proper resolution for solving this problem. An integrative approach based on the larval and adult morphological traits have varying taxonomic applications due to their differential diagnostic values. Thus, by the implementation of an integrative taxonomic approach, we successfully detected species borders between the two epidemiologically relevant species and uncovered the presence of cryptic diversity within O. dorsalis.

The taxonomy and phylogeny of the 'Cherax destructor' complex (Decapoda : Parastacidae) examined using mitochondrial 16S sequences

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Austin ◽  
T. T. T. Nguyen ◽  
M. M. Meewan ◽  
D. R. Jerry
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New South ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Morphological Plasticity ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
Freshwater Crayfish ◽  
Cherax Destructor ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia

This study uses nucleotide sequences from the 16S rRNA mitochondrial gene to investigate the taxonomy and phylogeny of freshwater crayfish belonging to the 'Cherax destructor' complex. The sequencing of an approximately 440-bp fragment of this gene region from freshwater crayfish sampled from 14 locations identified significant haplotype diversity. Phylogenetic analysis found three distinct clades that correspond to the species C. rotundus, C. setosus and C. destructor. C. rotundus is largely confined to Victoria, and C. setosus is restricted to coastal areas north of Newcastle in New South Wales. C. destructor is widely distributed in eastern Australia and shows significant phylogeographic structure, with three well supported clades. None of these clades, however, correspond to species previously recognised as C. esculus, C. davisi or C. albidus. The failure to genetically distinguish these morphologically defined species is consistent with reproductive information and morphological plasticity relating to habitat similar to that documented for other Cherax species.

Genetic stock structure of blue-eye trevalla (Hyperoglyphe antarctica) and warehous (Seriolella brama and Seriolella punctata) in south-eastern Australian waters

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Robinson ◽  
Alexandra Skinner ◽  
Lakshmi Sethuraman ◽  
Helen McPartlan ◽  
Neil Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Stock Structure ◽  
Population Bottlenecks ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Genetic Structuring ◽  
Genetic Stock ◽  
Important Species ◽  
History Of

Blue-eye trevalla (Hyperoglyphe antarctica), blue warehou (Seriolella brama) and silver warehou (Seriolella punctata) from the family Centrolophidae are three commercially important species in the Australian fishery. These species are currently managed as single stocks. We tested the hypothesis that patterns of phenotypic structuring in these species reflect underlying genetic stock structure using an analysis of mitochondrial DNA control region sequences. The analysis revealed high levels of haplotype diversity within populations. The most common haplotypes for the species occurred in all geographical locations sampled. For S. brama, although structuring was not significant after Bonferroni correction, differences between two sites were sufficient to warrant caution in the management of fishery zones for this species. There were also some indications of structuring when sites were grouped into common regions. Demographic analysis suggested that S. brama might have had a history of population bottlenecks followed by sudden population expansion, potentially contributing to genetic structuring in the fishery. No structuring was detected for H. antarctica and S. punctata. The present study highlights the need for, and the utility of, multiple sources of information, that is, genetic, phenotypic, behavioural and ecological, when managing marine fisheries and the need to take a cautionary approach to the interpretation of genetic data for fisheries management.

Significant population genetic structuring but a lack of phylogeographic structuring in the endemic Tasmanian tree frog (Litoria burrowsae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Y. Zhang ◽  
S. Cashins ◽  
A. Philips ◽  
C. P. Burridge
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetic ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
Tree Frog ◽  
Genetic Structuring ◽  
Management Units

Conservation of frogs is of global concern, owing to declines resulting from habitat destruction, global climate change, and disease. Knowledge of genetic variation in frog species is therefore desirable for the identification of management units. Here we surveyed mitochondrial DNA sequence variation in the Tasmanian endemic hylid frog Litoria burrowsae, which is infected by chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, and may be declining. Neither phylogeographic structure nor deep phylogenetic divergence was detected in the species, although its populations were highly differentiated with respect to haplotype frequencies. The low-haplotype diversity in L. burrowsae suggests a recent bottleneck in the species, and population genetic structuring may reflect isolation by distance as well as founder effects associated with range expansion. Three putative management units were identified that require verification based on nuclear DNA variation and adaptation to local environments.

scholarly journals Integrating phylogeography and high-resolution X-ray CT reveals five new cryptic species and multiple hybrid zones among Australian earless dragons

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 191166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Melville ◽  
Kirilee Chaplin ◽  
Christy A. Hipsley ◽  
Stephen D. Sarre ◽  
Joanna Sumner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Genetic Lineage ◽  
Hybrid Zones ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Conservation Assessment ◽  
Genetic Structuring ◽  
X Ray

Cryptic lineages, comprising species complexes with deep genetic structuring across the landscape but without distinct morphological differences, impose substantial difficulties for systematists and taxonomists in determining true species diversity. Here, we present an integrative approach that combines data from phylogeography and geometric morphometric analyses of three-dimensional cranial models to revisit the uncertain taxonomy of earless dragons from southern and central Australia that at one time or another have been included under the name Tympanocryptis lineata . Our approach finds strong support for seven previously described species, and more importantly, five undescribed Tympanocryptis taxa for which we provide a taxonomic treatment. We also find evidence of introgression and hybridization in three discrete contact zones between lineages, supported by mitochondrial and nuclear genes, as well as morphological analyses. With a sampling design that includes at least five individuals for each genetic lineage with corresponding X-ray microcomputed tomography scans, we perform comparative evolutionary analyses to show that there is a significant phylogenetic signal in Tympanocryptis cranial shape. Our results demonstrate the importance of using multiple specimens in each genetic lineage, particularly in cases of potential hybridization, and that geometric morphometrics, when used in an integrative framework, is a powerful tool in species delimitation across cryptic lineages. Our results lay the groundwork for future evolutionary studies in this widespread group across multiple environmental types and identify several species of immediate conservation concern with a focus on T. petersi sp. nov. We suggest that this species has undergone significant population declines and warrants a full conservation assessment.

scholarly journals Phylogeography of the American Woodcock (Scolopax Minor): Are Management Units Based on Band Recovery Data Reflected in Genetically Based Management Units?

The Auk ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 1149-1160
Author(s):  
Judith M. Rhymer ◽  
Daniel G. McAuley ◽  
Heather L. Ziel
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
North America ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Management Units ◽  
American Woodcock ◽  
Scolopax Minor

Abstract Information on population connectivity throughout the annual cycle has become more crucial, because populations of many migratory birds are in decline. One such species is the American Woodcock (Scolopax minor), which inhabits early-successional forests in eastern North America. Although band recoveries have proved useful for dividing populations of this game bird species into an Eastern Region and Central Region for management purposes, these data do not provide enough detail to determine the breeding population of origin of birds recovered on stopover and wintering areas. To obtain more fine-scale data, we undertook a phylogeographic study of American Woodcock populations throughout their primary breeding range in the eastern United States and Canada using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences from the hypervariable control region I (CRI) and ND6 gene. Despite high haplotype diversity, nucleotide diversity was low and there was no phylogeographic structure among American Woodcock populations across the species range, with birds from many states and provinces in both management regions sharing identical haplotypes. Results suggest recent or ongoing gene flow among populations, with asymmetric movement of birds between migration flyways. As has been demonstrated for several other avian species in North America, American Woodcock appear to have undergone a rapid population expansion following the late Pleistocene glacial retreat. Thus, a combination of historical demographic factors and recent or ongoing gene flow mask any population structure based on mtDNA that might accrue from philopatry to breeding areas observed in studies of marked birds. Phylogéographie de Scolopax minor: Est-ce que les Unités de Gestion Basées sur les Données de Retour de Bagues Reflètent les Unités de Gestion Basées sur la Génétique?

Haplotype diversity in the Antarctic springtail Gressittacantha terranova at fine spatial scales - a Holocene twist to a Pliocene tale

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 766-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.C. Hawes ◽  
G. Torricelli ◽  
M.I. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Reference Population ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Terra Nova Bay ◽  
The Antarctic

AbstractThe mitochondrial COI gene of the Antarctic springtail, Gressittacantha terranova, was sequenced across a polar coastal landscape at Terra Nova Bay, northern Victoria Land. Samples from two altitudinal transects in the foothills directly south of Campbell Glacier were compared with samples from Springtail Valley (northern foothills) as an external reference population. We found that mtDNA haplotypes clustered into two lineages (clades) with a mean sequence divergence of 10% (uncorrected distance). However, there was no phylogeographic structure found at this spatial (landscape) scale with haplotypes from both divergent clades found sympatric across most populations. At the landscape scale, the considerable genetic divergence revealed within G. terranova is around five times greater than any other continental Antarctic springtail examined to date. These data indicate a Pliocene divergence event in G. terranova around 4–5 million years ago. The unusual distributional profile of haplotypes - occurrence of multiple haplotypes at single sites and genetic contiguity between sites that are not physically contiguous - suggests a subsequent ‘reshuffling’ of haplotypes in the Holocene that has an ecological basis.

Multiple northern refugia for Asian sacred lotus, an aquatic plant with characteristics of ice-age endurance

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiao-Kun Li ◽  
En-Xing Zhou ◽  
Dong-Xu Li ◽  
Shuang-Quan Huang
Keyword(s):  
Eastern China ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Sacred Lotus ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
High Level ◽  
Quaternary Glaciations

The effect of palaeoclimate on the distribution of aquatic plants is little known, although these plants typically have much broader geographical distributions than their terrestrial counterparts. We investigated the structure of genetic variation of chloroplast DNA in the Asian sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn (Nelumbonaceae)) in 15 wild populations across China as well as in four populations from India, Japan and Thailand, to infer the refugia of this ancient plant during Quaternary climatic oscillations. We obtained 37 cpDNA haplotypes in 417 individuals from 19 populations. A moderate to high level of chloroplast genetic differentiation (GST = 0.547, NST = 0.691) and significant phylogeographic structure (NST > GST) were observed, suggesting a low level of recurrent seed-mediated gene flow among the populations. The results of AMOVA analysis also showed that more variation was partitioned among (71%) than within populations (29%). The phylogenetic relationships for the recovered haplotypes showed that haplotypes of wild lotus in north-eastern China significantly diverged from those distributed in central and southern regions of China. A high level of haplotype diversity, rather than reduced genetic diversity, in north-eastern China indicated multiple refugia in northern China during the Quaternary glaciations. Lotus plants have the following two characteristics that facilitated survival through Quaternary glaciations: seeds buried in mud remain viable for thousands of years, and self-heating flowers can reproduce in cold temperatures.

scholarly journals Isolates from ancient permafrost help to elucidate species boundaries in Acanthamoeba castellanii complex (Amoebozoa: Discosea)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stas Malavin ◽  
Lyubov Shmakova
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Acanthamoeba Castellanii ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Temperature Preferences ◽  
Rna Genes

AbstractAcanthamoeba castellanii species complex (genotype T4) comprises of more than ten species with unclear synonymy. Its molecular phylogeny has several conflicts with published morphological data. In this paper, we analyze morphometric traits and temperature preferences in six new strains belonging to A. castellanii complex isolated from Arctic permafrost in the framework of molecular phylogeny. This integrative approach allows us to cross-link genotypic and phenotypic variability and identify species-level boundaries inside the complex. We also analyze previously known and newly found discrepancies between the nuclear and mitochondrial gene-based phylogenies. We hypothesize that one reason for these discrepancies may be the intragenomic polymorphism of ribosomal RNA genes.

scholarly journals Phylogeography of Swertia perennis in Europe based on cpDNA markers

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Urbaniak ◽  
Paweł Kwiatkowski ◽  
Paweł Pawlikowski
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Clonal Plant ◽  
Nucleotide Composition ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
Peat Bogs ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Cdna Sequences ◽  
Chloroplast Dna Markers ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background. Swertia perennis (Gentianaceae) is a perennial diploid and clonal plant species found discontinuously distributed in the peat bogs in mountains of Europe, Asia and North America as well as in European lowlands. The current geographical dispersion of S. perennis is probably an effect of Quaternary climatic changes that played an important role in determining the present-day distribution of Swertia and numerous other plant and animal species. Methods. A presented survey of molecular studies based on combined data from chloroplast DNA markers (trnL-trnF and trnH-psbA) that were conducted to elucidate the phylogeography of S. perennis in European localities. Plants were collected from 28 populations that represent different localities in lowlands as well as in mountain areas of Europe (Carpathians, Sudetes, Bohemian Forest and Alps). The cDNA sequences were statistically analysed according to phylogenetical relationships in between specimens collected in separate localities. Results. During the study, 20 haplotypes were characterized representing a high level of genetic variability, but showing a lack of phylogeographical structure. This pattern can be a result of repeated recolonization and expansion from several areas. Such genetic differentiation may also have been due to the relatively long-term isolation of S. perennis in Pleistocene refugia in Europe, resulting in independent separation of different cpDNA phylogenetic lineages. Discussion. The lack of phylogeographical structure makes it impossible to indicate the centre of haplotype diversity, but refugia located between the ice sheets in the lowlands, Carpathians, Sudetes or the Alps are the most probable sites, where S. perennis existed in Europe. The lack of evidence for phylogeographic structure possibly indicates a high level of gene flow in the recent. The variation in nucleotide composition of cpDNA may reflect the genetic variability from the ancient period, when the landscape and the fen systems were not fragmented, especially on the lowlands, however, at present, it is difficult to speculate about relations between northern and mountain parts of its distribution range in Europe.

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