High Levels of Dietary Amino and Branched-Chain α-Keto Acids Alter Plasma and Brain Amino Acid Concentrations in Rats

1991 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 663-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin P. Block ◽  
Alfred E. Harper
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Keto Acids ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations ◽  
Brain Amino Acid

Effects of Branched-Chain α-Keto Acids on Plasma Amino Acid Concentrations in Carbon Tetrachloride-Intoxicated Rats

1984 ◽  
Vol 114 (7) ◽  
pp. 1235-1241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Misako Okita ◽  
Akiharu Watanabe ◽  
Nobuyuki Takei ◽  
Hideo Nagashima ◽  
Toshihiko Ubuka
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Plasma Amino Acid ◽  
Keto Acids ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations

Brain amino acid concentrations during diving and acid-base stress in turtles

1985 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1751-1754 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Hitzig ◽  
M. P. Kneussl ◽  
V. Shih ◽  
R. D. Brandstetter ◽  
H. Kazemi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Breath Hold ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Neurotransmitters ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Ventilatory Drive ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations ◽  
Brain Amino Acid

To assess the role of brain amino acid neurotransmitters in the breath hold of diving animals, concentrations of free amino acids present in the brains of turtles immediately after 2 h of apneic diving (at 20 degrees C) were measured. Additionally, the same measurements were performed on four other groups of animals subjected to 2 h of hypercapnia (8% CO2 in air), anoxia (N2 breathing), anoxia plus hypercapnia (8% CO2–92% N2), or air breathing (control). Significant changes in the concentrations of the inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitters known to affect respiration [gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and taurine] were seen. GABA increased significantly in those animals subjected to anoxia, whereas taurine decreased significantly in the diving animals and increased significantly in those subjected to anoxia plus hypercapnia. These results suggest that the attenuated central ventilatory drive during diving in these animals may be related to alterations in brain concentrations of GABA and taurine.

Interorgan metabolism of amino acids in streptozotocin-diabetic ketoacidotic rat

1983 ◽  
Vol 244 (2) ◽  
pp. E151-E158 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Brosnan ◽  
K. C. Man ◽  
D. E. Hall ◽  
S. A. Colbourne ◽  
M. E. Brosnan
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Normal Rat ◽  
Diabetic Brain ◽  
Streptozotocin Diabetic Rats ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations

Amino acid concentrations in whole blood, liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, and brain were measured and arteriovenous differences calculated for head, hindlimb, kidney, gut, and liver in control and streptozotocin-diabetic rats. In the control rats, glutamine was released by muscle and utilized by intestine, intestine released citrulline and alanine, liver removed alanine, and the kidneys removed glycine and produced serine. In diabetic rats, the major changes from the pattern of fluxes seen in the normal rat were the release of many amino acids from muscle, with glutamine and alanine predominating, and the uptake of these amino acids by the liver. Glutamine removal by the intestine was suppressed in diabetes, but a large renal uptake of glutamine was evident. Branched-chain amino acids were removed by the diabetic brain, and consequently, brain levels of a number of large neutral amino acids were decreased in diabetes.

O.67 Alterations in extracellular brain amino acid concentrations in PC-shunted rats

1983 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
L.S. Eriksson ◽  
A. Delin ◽  
U. Tossman ◽  
U. Ungerstedt
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations ◽  
Brain Amino Acid

scholarly journals Regulation of uterine and umbilical amino acid uptakes by maternal amino acid concentrations

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (3) ◽  
pp. R849-R859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patti J. Thureen ◽  
Susan M. Anderson ◽  
William W. Hay
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Insulin Concentration ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations

We tested the hypothesis that decreased fetal amino acid (AA) supply, produced by maternal hypoaminoacidemia (low AA) during hyperglycemia (HG), is reversible with maternal AA infusion and regulates fetal insulin concentration ([I]). We measured net uterine and umbilical AA uptakes during maternal HG/low AA concentration ([AA]) and after maternal intravenous infusion of a mixed AA solution. After 5 days HG, all maternal [AA] except glycine were decreased >50%, particularly essential [AA] ( P < 0.00005). Most fetal [AA] also were decreased, especially branched-chain AA ( P < 0.001). Maternal AA infusion increased net uterine uptakes of Val, Leu, Ile, Met, and Ser and net umbilical uptakes of Val, Leu, Ile, Met, Phe, and Arg but did not change net uteroplacental uptake of any AA. Fetal [I] increased 55 ± 14%, P < 0.001, with correction of fetal [AA], despite the lack of change in fetal glucose concentration. Thus generalized maternal hypoaminoacidemia decreases uterine and umbilical uptakes of primarily the essential AA and decreases fetal branched-chain [AA]. These changes are reversed with correction of maternal [AA], which also increases fetal [I].

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