Mental Health Resource Use Among Patients Undergoing Curative Intent Treatment for Bladder Cancer

Background Patients with bladder cancer may experience mental health distress. Mental health-care service (MHS) use can quantify the magnitude of the problem. Methods The Ontario Cancer Registry was used to identify all patients with bladder cancer treated with curative-intent cystectomy or radiotherapy in Ontario, Canada (2004-2013). Population-level databases were used to identify MHS use (visits to general practitioner, psychiatrist, emergency department, or hospitalization). Generalized estimating equations were used to compare rates of MHS use. Baseline, peritreatment, and posttreatment MHS use were defined as visits from 2 years to 3 months before, 3 months before to 3 months after, and from 3 months after to 2 years after start of treatment, respectively. Results From 2004 to 2013, 4296 patients underwent cystectomy (n = 3332) or curative-intent radiotherapy (n = 964). Compared with baseline, the rate of MHS use was higher in the peritreatment (adjusted rate ratio [aRR] = 1.64, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.48 to 1.82) and posttreatment periods (aRR = 1.45, 95% CI =1.30 to 1.63). By 2 years posttreatment, 24.6% (95% CI = 23.4% to 25.9%) of all patients had MHS use. Patients with baseline MHS use had substantially higher MHS use in the peritreatment (aRR = 5.77, 95% CI = 4.86 to 6.86) and posttreatment periods (aRR = 4.58, 95% CI = 3.78 to 5.55). Female patients had higher use MHS use overall, but males had a higher incremental increase in the posttreatment period compared with baseline (2-sided Pinteraction = .02). Male patients had a statistically significant increase in MHS use following surgery or radiotherapy, whereas female patients only had an increase following surgery. Conclusions MHS use is common among patients undergoing treatment for bladder cancer, particularly in the peritreatment period. Screening for mental health concerns in this population is warranted.