scholarly journals ‘They Say Our Work Is Not Halal’: Experiences and Challenges of Refugee Community Workers Involved in Gender-based Violence Prevention and Care in Dadaab, Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chimaraoke Izugbara ◽  
Stella Muthuri ◽  
Sheru Muuo ◽  
Carolyne Egesa ◽  
Giorgia Franchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wife Beating ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Current Response ◽  
Work Experiences ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Refugee Community ◽  
Humanitarian Space ◽  
Gender Based

Abstract Notwithstanding the growing centrality of refugee community workers (RCWs) in the current response to gender-based violence (GBV) in the Dadaab refugee camps, they remain poorly studied. Using interview data, we explored the work-related experiences and challenges as well as GBV-related beliefs of RCWs. Whilst they demonstrated elevated knowledge of the forms and drivers of GBV in their community, some of the RCWs did not deem early marriage, female genital mutilation and wife-beating to be GBV acts. In their work, RCWs were motivated by compassion for survivors as well as a sense of community service, but they faced challenges such as insecurity; poor pay; opposition and violence by community members; tense relationships with and suspicion by professional providers; and limited skills and preparation in GBV management. RCWs’ GBV-related beliefs and work experiences underscore the challenges of programming in a complex humanitarian space and offer insights for strengthening their contribution in GBV care and service delivery.

scholarly journals Work-related mobility and experiences of gender-based violence among female sex workers in Iringa, Tanzania: a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from Project Shikamana

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. e022621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoé Mistrale Hendrickson ◽  
Anna M Leddy ◽  
Noya Galai ◽  
Jessie K Mbwambo ◽  
Samuel Likindikoki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Sex Work ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Recent Experience ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Gender Based

ObjectivesTo examine how work-related mobility among female sex workers (FSWs) is associated with gender-based violence (GBV) in Iringa, Tanzania.DesignCross-sectional analyses were conducted on baseline data gathered between October 2015 and April 2016 from FSWs participating in Project Shikamana, a community empowerment-based combination HIV prevention intervention.SettingParticipants were recruited for the baseline study using venue-based time-location sampling in two communities in Iringa, Tanzania.ParticipantsFSWs were eligible for participation if they were 18 years or older and had exchanged sex for money within the past month. Four-hundred ninety-six FSWs participated in the baseline survey.Primary and secondary outcome measuresAny recent experience of GBV was examined by recent work-related mobility among FSWs. Any recent experience of GBV was also disaggregated by severity for analyses. All bivariate and multivariate binary and multinomial logistic regressions adjusted for intraclass correlations among women recruited from the same venues.ResultsForty per cent of participants experienced recent physical or sexual violence, and 30% recently experienced severe physical or sexual violence. Thirty-three per cent of participants recently exchanged sex for money outside of their district or region, and 12% were both intraregionally and inter-regionally mobile for sex work. Intraregionally and inter-regionally mobile FSWs had 1.9 times greater odds of reporting recent GBV (adjusted OR: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.06 to 3.38; p=0.031) compared with non-mobile FSWs and a 2.5 times higher relative risk for recent experience of severe GBV relative to no recent GBV (relative risk ratio: 2.51; 95% CI: 1.33 to 4.74; p=0.005).ConclusionsMobility for sex work may increase FSWs’ exposure to GBV, particularly more severe GBV. The vulnerability of mobile FSWs to violence, particularly severe forms, demands inclusive services that are accessible to mobile FSWs.

Migration, gender, and cultural issues in healthcare: psychosomatic implications

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mira Lal
Keyword(s):  
Human Migration ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
Displaced Populations ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancies ◽  
Economic Necessity ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
The Uk

Human migration involves moving to a new permanent or semi-permanent location. Whether on an individual basis, in small groups or in large numbers, whether due to economic necessity (emigrants), sociocultural strife or the effects of war (refugees), it can contribute to stress in the mobile along with the settled population. Uncertainty then, increases the risk of psychosomatic disease in those relocating because of the changes in their personal/social support networks. The available healthcare for the displaced may not address their health needs adequately. Chapter 12 deliberates on this. Gender-related issues, with a female preponderance as victims come to the fore in displaced populations. These include the health effects of domestic and sexual violence or gender-based violence. International organisations, including the UN, the WHO, and FIGO, along with organisations from various countries that promote women's and children's health, have developed guidelines, and attempted to engender political will to endeavour to stop this preventable morbidity. Nevertheless, it persists with a biopsychosociocultural impact, and can be fatal. Unwanted pregnancies can result from gender-based violence or failed contraception with the pregnant woman seeking termination (abortion). Annually, about 42 million women resort to illegal methods of abortion, and risk grievous harm due to a lack of legalized services. Female genital mutilation, a form of gender-based violence with genitourinary sequelae that is carried out on girls, has global implications. It prevails due to cultural acceptance, despite major health consequences. It is illegal in the UK, and the RCOG has developed guidelines. Vignettes in this chapter illustrate these gender-related health issues.

scholarly journals Gender-Based Violence and Armed Conflict

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer J. Mootz ◽  
Sally D. Stabb ◽  
Debra Mollen
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Gender Based

The high prevalence of gender-based violence (GBV) in armed conflict has been documented in various national contexts, but less is known about the complex pathways that constitute the relation between the two. Employing a community-based collaborative approach, we constructed a community-informed socioecological conceptual model from a feminist perspective, detailing how armed conflict relates to GBV in a conflict-affected rural community in Northeastern Uganda. The research questions were as follows: (1) How does the community conceptualize GBV? and (2) How does armed conflict relate to GBV? Nine focus group discussions divided by gender, age, and profession and six key informant interviews were conducted. Participants’ ages ranged from 9 to 80 years ( n = 34 girls/women, n = 43 boys/men). Grounded theory was used in analysis. Participants conceptualized eight forms of and 22 interactive variables that contributed to GBV. Armed conflict affected physical violence/quarreling, sexual violence, early marriage, and land grabbing via a direct pathway and four indirect pathways initiated through looting of resources, militarization of the community, death of a parent(s) or husband, and sexual violence. The findings suggest that community, organizational, and policy-level interventions, which include attention to intersecting vulnerabilities for exposure to GBV in conflict-affected settings, should be prioritized. While tertiary psychological interventions with women and girls affected by GBV in these areas should not be eliminated, we suggest that policy makers and members of community and organizational efforts make systemic and structural changes. Online slides for instructors who want to use this article for teaching are available on PWQ 's website at http://journals.sagepub.com/page/pwq/suppl/index

The Prevalence of Gender-based Violence and Harmful Traditional Practices against Women in the Tigray Region, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-75
Author(s):  
Tewelde Gebre ◽  
Fana Hagos ◽  
Gebreyesus Teklu ◽  
Mekonnen Fisseha ◽  
Mesele Abera
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Traditional Practices ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Tigray Region ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Harmful Traditional Practices

In Ethiopia, large numbers of women are at higher risk of gender-based violence and harmful traditional practices. The main aim of the study is to explore the prevalence rate of gender-based violence and harmful traditional practices against women in the Tigray region, Ethiopia. In this study, a total of 1253 women were surveyed, of which 560 were from rural areas. Further, 14 focus group discussions and in-depth key informant interviews were conducted with relevant governmental and non-governmental bodies. It was found that a significant number of married women were not asked for their permission to be married and their mate was mostly selected by their family. Among others, age was found to be a statistically significant predictor for early marriage and permission of girls to get married with an odds ratio of 0.95 and 0.97, respectively ( p < 0.05). Twenty-one forms of gender-based violence and 29 forms of harmful traditional practices and stereotypes against women were identified. These practices were mostly supported by the community. While gender-based violence was found to be somewhat higher in urban areas, most of the harmful traditional practices were slightly higher in rural areas.

scholarly journals A Profile of Gender-Based Violence Research in Europe: Findings From a Focused Mapping Review and Synthesis

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 470-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Bradbury-Jones ◽  
Jane V. Appleton ◽  
Maria Clark ◽  
Eija Paavilainen
Keyword(s):  
Partner Violence ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
Mapping Review ◽  
Global Nature ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Female Genital

This article reports the findings from a new form of review: a focused mapping review and synthesis. The aim was to create a contemporary, snapshot profile of the nature and scope of gender-based violence (GBV) studies conducted in Europe. GBV is one of the most prevalent human rights violations in the world affecting mainly women and girls. The policy context of GBV in Europe has gathered momentum in recent years, but we do not have a clear picture of how this relates to research activity. Thirteen journals were purposively selected on their likelihood to publish GBV research. All articles published in these journals during 2015 and meeting our inclusion criteria were retrieved. Data were extracted according to (1) types of methodologies used, (2) geographical location of research, and (3) patterns of research activity/interest. Thirty-two articles met the inclusion criteria. Many titles and abstracts were not explicit about the gendered nature of the research which made retrieval and analysis difficult. A range of methodologies were reported, with single-country research conducted more than international collaborations. Intimate partner violence and sexual abuse attracted most research interest. No studies explored female genital mutilation/cutting and only one investigated early and forced marriage. The findings have implications regarding GBV research in Europe, and we explore them in relation to relevant European policy. Researchers can help raise the profile of the gendered nature of most violence-related research by being explicit about this in their publications. Increasing opportunities for cross-national research will help address the global nature of GBV. Tackling GBV requires synergy of empirical evidence and policy to drive the agenda.

scholarly journals Towards Comprehensive Guidance for States in the African Region to respond to Children’s Rights in Emergencies, Disasters and Pandemics

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 447-474
Author(s):  
Nicole Bouah ◽  
Julia Sloth-Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Children's Rights ◽  
Children’S Rights ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
African Region ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
Reproductive Services ◽  
Global North ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

Abstract The covid-19 pandemic spread has it impacted health systems, economies and communities across the African continent. It has also exacerbated risks already faced by children: limiting access to education, reducing protection from sexual and gender-based violence, harmful traditional and cultural practices including child, early or forced marriage (cefm), female genital-mutilation (fgm); and further limiting access to reproductive services and food insecurity. This article illustrates that because demonstrably different considerations arise by comparison to children’s experiences in the global north, it would be a valuable contribution for the African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child to develop a General Comment on state responses to upholding children’s rights in the context of epidemics, pandemics and emergencies, tailored to the specificities of the region.

scholarly journals ‘I have a story to tell’: Researching migrant women’s experiences of female genital mutilation and gender-based violence in Ireland and Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 134-151
Author(s):  
Siobán O’Brien Green
Keyword(s):  
Child Protection ◽  
Female Genital Mutilation ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Female Genital

This article presents insights and practical lessons learned from multiple studies the author has undertaken and participated in as principal or co-researcher and/or provided expert guidance to in Ireland and Europe. These studies primarily focus on gender-based violence (GBV) and female genital mutilation (FGM) and given their foci, have an implicit need for cognisance of child protection, legislation and onward referral procedures. The research issues of interest are often considered taboo, private, not to be discussed outside immediate family and shameful. There are multiple practical and logistical barriers, as well as language and psycho-social obstacles, to participating in, and undertaking, research on these issues. The article discusses the approaches and routes taken to recruit women affected and impacted by the issues of FGM and GBV for research studies. The responsibility on researchers to present research study findings in a sensitive manner which does not add stigma to marginalised and vulnerable groups, but that enables policy makers to utilise the research for legislative and practical purposes, is also discussed.Keywords: gender-based violence (GBV); female genital mutilation (FGM); migration; ethics; stigma; research design

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