‘Two months of marriage were sufficient to turn my life upside down’: early marriage as a form of gender-based violence

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Souad Belhorma
Keyword(s):  
Early Marriage ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Gender Based

scholarly journals ‘They Say Our Work Is Not Halal’: Experiences and Challenges of Refugee Community Workers Involved in Gender-based Violence Prevention and Care in Dadaab, Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chimaraoke Izugbara ◽  
Stella Muthuri ◽  
Sheru Muuo ◽  
Carolyne Egesa ◽  
Giorgia Franchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wife Beating ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Current Response ◽  
Work Experiences ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Refugee Community ◽  
Humanitarian Space ◽  
Gender Based

Abstract Notwithstanding the growing centrality of refugee community workers (RCWs) in the current response to gender-based violence (GBV) in the Dadaab refugee camps, they remain poorly studied. Using interview data, we explored the work-related experiences and challenges as well as GBV-related beliefs of RCWs. Whilst they demonstrated elevated knowledge of the forms and drivers of GBV in their community, some of the RCWs did not deem early marriage, female genital mutilation and wife-beating to be GBV acts. In their work, RCWs were motivated by compassion for survivors as well as a sense of community service, but they faced challenges such as insecurity; poor pay; opposition and violence by community members; tense relationships with and suspicion by professional providers; and limited skills and preparation in GBV management. RCWs’ GBV-related beliefs and work experiences underscore the challenges of programming in a complex humanitarian space and offer insights for strengthening their contribution in GBV care and service delivery.

scholarly journals Gender-Based Violence and Armed Conflict

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer J. Mootz ◽  
Sally D. Stabb ◽  
Debra Mollen
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Gender Based

The high prevalence of gender-based violence (GBV) in armed conflict has been documented in various national contexts, but less is known about the complex pathways that constitute the relation between the two. Employing a community-based collaborative approach, we constructed a community-informed socioecological conceptual model from a feminist perspective, detailing how armed conflict relates to GBV in a conflict-affected rural community in Northeastern Uganda. The research questions were as follows: (1) How does the community conceptualize GBV? and (2) How does armed conflict relate to GBV? Nine focus group discussions divided by gender, age, and profession and six key informant interviews were conducted. Participants’ ages ranged from 9 to 80 years ( n = 34 girls/women, n = 43 boys/men). Grounded theory was used in analysis. Participants conceptualized eight forms of and 22 interactive variables that contributed to GBV. Armed conflict affected physical violence/quarreling, sexual violence, early marriage, and land grabbing via a direct pathway and four indirect pathways initiated through looting of resources, militarization of the community, death of a parent(s) or husband, and sexual violence. The findings suggest that community, organizational, and policy-level interventions, which include attention to intersecting vulnerabilities for exposure to GBV in conflict-affected settings, should be prioritized. While tertiary psychological interventions with women and girls affected by GBV in these areas should not be eliminated, we suggest that policy makers and members of community and organizational efforts make systemic and structural changes. Online slides for instructors who want to use this article for teaching are available on PWQ 's website at http://journals.sagepub.com/page/pwq/suppl/index

The Prevalence of Gender-based Violence and Harmful Traditional Practices against Women in the Tigray Region, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-75
Author(s):  
Tewelde Gebre ◽  
Fana Hagos ◽  
Gebreyesus Teklu ◽  
Mekonnen Fisseha ◽  
Mesele Abera
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Traditional Practices ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Tigray Region ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Harmful Traditional Practices

In Ethiopia, large numbers of women are at higher risk of gender-based violence and harmful traditional practices. The main aim of the study is to explore the prevalence rate of gender-based violence and harmful traditional practices against women in the Tigray region, Ethiopia. In this study, a total of 1253 women were surveyed, of which 560 were from rural areas. Further, 14 focus group discussions and in-depth key informant interviews were conducted with relevant governmental and non-governmental bodies. It was found that a significant number of married women were not asked for their permission to be married and their mate was mostly selected by their family. Among others, age was found to be a statistically significant predictor for early marriage and permission of girls to get married with an odds ratio of 0.95 and 0.97, respectively ( p < 0.05). Twenty-one forms of gender-based violence and 29 forms of harmful traditional practices and stereotypes against women were identified. These practices were mostly supported by the community. While gender-based violence was found to be somewhat higher in urban areas, most of the harmful traditional practices were slightly higher in rural areas.

scholarly journals Early Marriages as a Form of Gender-Based Violence

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 475
Author(s):  
Assoc.Prof. Filiz Yildirim ◽  
Lecturer. Bilge Abukan
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Dominant Male ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Cultural Implications ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Male Authority

Early marriage, defined as formal marriage or informal union before 18, has been normalized depending the expectations on gender roles. Especially in patriarchal societies, girls and young women who are married without their consents unwillingly accept the situation without having anything to say. Some young women, married early, on the other hand, become a “role model” to help the continuation of the system. Cultural implications that emphasize unequal gender roles, dominant male authority, and leaving females without power and autonomy in the society females depending on the patriarchy and its reflections are effective on the continuation of the early marriages and the occurrence of gender-based violence against young women. Girls growing up and getting married early in such a society are being exposed to different forms of physical, psychological, sexual, social and financial violence especially through the marriage starting from the marriage decisions made on behalf of them. The purpose of this study is to discuss how gender-based violence against young women and girls caused by early marriages occurs. In other words, gender-based violence before the marriage/union, considering especially the marriage decisions, and through the marriages is analyzed. Finally, suggestions aiming to prevent early marriages of girls and young women, and by extension, to deter gender-based violence are offered in this study.

scholarly journals Making sense of child, early and forced marriage among Syrian refugee girls: a mixed methods study in Lebanon

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. e000509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Andrea Bartels ◽  
Saja Michael ◽  
Sophie Roupetz ◽  
Stephanie Garbern ◽  
Lama Kilzar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Educational Opportunities ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Child Marriage ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Shared Stories ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

IntroductionThe Syrian conflict has resulted in over 2.3 million child refugees in the Middle East and the prevalence of early marriage has reportedly increased among displaced Syrian families. This study explores the underlying factors contributing to child marriage among Syrian refugees in Lebanon with the goal of informing community-based strategies to address the issue.MethodsIn July–August 2016, trained interviewers collected self-interpreted stories in Lebanon using Cognitive Edge’s SenseMaker, a mixed-method data collection tool. Participants included married and unmarried Syrian girls, Syrian parents as well as married and unmarried men. Each participant shared a story about the experiences of Syrian girls and then interpreted the story by plotting their perspectives on a variety of questions. Patterns in the responses were analysed in SPSS and the accompanying qualitative narratives were reviewed to facilitate interpretation of the quantitative results.Results1422 self-interpreted stories from 1346 unique participants were collected with 40% of shared stories focused on (n=332) or mentioning (n=245) child marriage. Quantitative data summarised the different perspectives of female and male participants. Syrian girls and mothers were more likely to share stories about protection/security and/or education and were more likely to report that girls were overprotected. Male participants were more likely to share stories about financial security as well as sexual exploitation of girls and more often reported that girls were not protected enough. Despite these gendered perspectives, many of the shared narratives highlighted similar themes of financial hardship, lack of educational opportunities and safety concerns around sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV).ConclusionsA complex myriad of factors contribute to early marriage including poverty, lack of educational opportunities and concerns about SGBV. Sexual exploitation under the guise of marriage is a reality for some Syrian girls. Gender-specific strategies to address child marriage might be more effective in reducing this harmful practice.

scholarly journals Married adolescents: An overview

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Haberland ◽  
Erica Chong ◽  
Hillary J. Bracken
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Stis And Hiv ◽  
First Time

The nascent work reviewed in this compendium indicates that married girls experience significant social isolation and limited autonomy. Across the studies examined, on indicators of mobility, exposure to media, and social networks, married girls are consistently disadvantaged compared to their unmarried peers. Similarly, across studies, on most of the domains explored here (mobility, decision-making, control over economic resources, and possibly gender-based violence), married girls tend to be less empowered and more isolated than slightly older married females. There may also be health issues associated with marriage during adolescence. Married girls are frequently at a disadvantage in terms of reproductive health information—particularly regarding STIs and HIV. First-time mothers, many of whom are adolescents, by virtue of their parity may have distinct maternal health needs and risks. Finally, early marriage potentially plays a role in exposing girls and young women to severe reproductive health risks, including HIV. Many of these elevated health risks may be largely, though not exclusively, derivative of their social vulnerability.

scholarly journals Gender-Based Violence and Access to Education

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 339-350
Author(s):  
Maureen Pacho ◽  
Kennedy Mutundu
Keyword(s):  
Survey Design ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Power Relationship ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Descriptive Survey

Gender based violence (GBV) consequences on women economic empowerment within Kenya are immensely widespread. Nakuru East Sub County, in particular has reported many cases of GBV. The aim of this study was to examine effects of gender-based violence on the women access to education. This investigation was guided by Ecological theory and a descriptive survey design was adopted in this study. Using a questionnaire, focus group discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews, the results are based on achieved response of a group of 40 women, 2 chiefs and 2 officers in charge of children protection unit and 3 CSOs Staff. Study findings indicate that there was notable impact of GBV on women access to education in Nakuru East. Cases of school dropout as a result of teenage pregnancies, Early marriage, child labour, and giving preference to boys in education were top on the findings. Empowerment of women reduces the unequal power relationship between women and men which has been identified as the root cause of GBV.

scholarly journals Safety and Security of Sexual-reproductive Health and Gender-based Violence among Rohingya Refugee Women in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Rabeya Yousuf ◽  
Md Mushtahid Salam ◽  
Shaima Akter ◽  
Abdus Salam
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Humanitarian Assistance ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Refugee Women ◽  
British Rule ◽  
The People ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

Rohingya refugee women and girls are from a vulnerable society taking shelter in Bangladesh for humanitarian assistance following the serious human rights violations in Myanmar. They are facing a number of challenges such as insecurity, violence, very limited freedom of movement or ability to speak up and influence decisions in their communities. They are most vulnerable to exploitation due to inadequate basic living facilities in the camp causing them to be physically or sexually abused, forced prostitution and human trafficking. Gender-based violence, abandonment by their husbands in the camps, early marriage, teenage pregnancies including lack of safer pregnancy and childbirth are all important issues and challenges faced by them. Access to basic amenities and educational opportunities with special attention about sexual and reproductive health including issues such as gender equality, relationships and conflict management and adequate community health care can help the Rohingya women to overcome the situation. Actually, the word “Rohingya” derived from the people who exist in from the British rule of the medieval period in the current “Rakhine” state, formerly known as “Roshang” later turned into “Rohang” due to colloquial usage. Although officially Myanmar is not using the term “Rohingya” as this might potentially endorse their indigenous origin, an international involvement is obligatory to find a solution for sustainable return of Rohingya refugees to Myanmar.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 05 No. 02 April’21 Page: 163-170

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