Concentrations of Vacuolar Inorganic Ions in Individual Cells of Intact Wheat Leaf Epidermis

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. MALONE ◽  
R. A. LEIGH ◽  
A. D TOMOS
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Leaf Epidermis ◽  
Wheat Leaf

Spatial distributions of inorganic ions and sugars contributing to osmotic adjustment in the elongating wheat leaf under saline soil conditions

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuncai Hu ◽  
Urs Schmidhalter
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Spatial Distributions ◽  
Elongation Zone ◽  
Leaf Base ◽  
Deposition Rates ◽  
Wheat Leaf

In this study, we quantified the spatial distributions of inorganic ions and sugars contributing to osmotic adjustment and their net deposition rates in the elongating and mature zones of leaf 4 of the main stem of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Lona) during its linear growth phase under saline soil conditions. Plants were grown in growth chambers in soil irrigated/treated with nutrient solution containing either no added or 120 mM NaCl. The sampling was conducted on the 3rd day after emergence of leaf 4 at 3 and 13 h into the 16 h photoperiod. The patterns of spatial distributions of total osmoticum, cation, anion and sugar contents (mmol kg-1 H2O) were distinct and were affected by salinity. The total osmoticum content in the region between 0 and 60 mm above the leaf base differed between the two harvests at 120 mM NaCl. Net deposition rates of total osmotica, cations, anions, and sugars (mmol kg-1 H2O h-1) in both treatments increased from the base of the leaf to the most actively elongating location and then decreased near the end of the elongation zone. Contributions of cations, anions, and sugars to osmotic adjustment varied with distance from the leaf base, and were about 21–30, 15–21, and 13%, respectively, in the elongation zone. We suggest that the accumulation of solutes under saline conditions occurs both by increasing the net deposition rate of osmotica and by reducing growth.

Cryo-SEM observation of water in leaf intercellular spaces

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 728-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.H.M. Willison ◽  
R.S. Pearce ◽  
P.H. Odense
Keyword(s):  
Vapour Phase ◽  
Leaf Epidermis ◽  
Water Droplets ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Complex Lattice ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Air Space ◽  
Wheat Leaf ◽  
Space Cell

In the process of transpiration, plants lose water acquired from the soil through pores (stomata) in the leaf epidermis. Beneath the epidermis, within the cortex of the leaf, spaces between cells are interconnected to form a complex lattice. Particularly large spaces, the substomatal cavities, lie beneath the stomata. The pathway taken by transpired water has long been contentious (e.g. Tyree & Yianoulis, 1980), but it is becoming clear that most transpired water passes into the vapour phase within the substomatal cavity. Few direct observations have been made of water in leaf intercellular spaces, the clearest being of large distilled water droplets in substomatal cavities in vivo using light microscopy (Sheriff, 1977). We report here direct observation using cryo-SEM of small convex water droplets lying on wheat leaf air space cell wall surfaces.

scholarly journals Wheat leaf epidermal pattern as a model for studying the influence of stress conditions on morphogenesis

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
U. S. Zubairova ◽  
A. V. Doroshkov
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Stationary Growth Phase ◽  
Leaf Epidermis ◽  
Leaf Morphogenesis ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Stoma Formation ◽  
Wheat Leaf ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Linear Leaf

The leaf epidermis of a monocotyledonous plant is a widely used  model system for studying the differentiation of plant cells, as it  contains readily observable specialized cells. The approach proposed  in this paper uses a growing cereal leaf to study stress-induced dynamic changes in morphogenesis. In the process of formation, the linear leaf of wheat remains in the stationary growth phase for long. This fact permits us to observe a  series of successive morphogenetic events recorded in the cellular  structure of the mature leaf. In studying the cellular architecture of  the wheat leaf epidermis, we obtained and processed confocal 3D images of wheat leaves stained with fluorescent dyes. This  procedure allows an accurate morphometric description and  determination of quantitative characteristics of the leaf epidermal  pattern. Low temperatures are among the factors limiting the  growing of crop plants in the temperate zone. In the present work,  we show significant aberrations of stomatal morphogenesis in the  epidermis of boot leaves of wheat varieties Saratovskaya 29 and  Yanetskis Probat in response to cold stress. We found that  nonfunctional stomata predominated in the zone of maximum  manifestation of stress, whereas in the zones formed before and  after the stress impact, the developmental anomalies come to the  disturbance in the morphogenesis of subsidiary cells. In  Saratovskaya 29, a significant amount of ectopic trichomes formed  in rows predetermined to stoma formation. The proposed approach  can provide standardized qualitative and quantitative data on  stressinduced morphogenesis aberrations in wheat leaf epidermis.  Subsequently, these data can be used for verification of computer  models of leaf morphogenesis. Further study of the mechanisms of  the effect of cold stress on morphogenesis will add to the search for  additional opportunities to increase wheat yields in areas of risky  agriculture. 

scholarly journals Wheat leaf epidermal pattern as a model for studying the influence of stress conditions on morphogenesis

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 837-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. S. Zubairova ◽  
A. V. Doroshkov
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Stationary Growth Phase ◽  
Leaf Epidermis ◽  
Leaf Morphogenesis ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Stoma Formation ◽  
Wheat Leaf ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Linear Leaf

The leaf epidermis of a monocotyledonous plant is a widely used model system for studying the differentiation of plant cells, as it contains readily observable specialized cells. The approach proposed in this paper uses a growing cereal leaf to study stress-induced dynamic changes in morphogenesis. In the process of formation, the linear leaf of wheat remains in the stationary growth phase for long. This fact permits us to observe a series of successive morphogenetic events recorded in the cellular structure of the mature leaf. In studying the cellular architecture of the wheat leaf epidermis, we obtained and processed confocal 3D images of wheat leaves stained with fluorescent dyes. This procedure allows an accurate morphometric description and determination of quantitative characteristics of the leaf epidermal pattern. Low temperatures are among the factors limiting the growing of crop plants in the temperate zone. In the present work, we show significant aberrations of stomatal morphogenesis in the epidermis of boot leaves of wheat varieties Saratovskaya 29 and Yanetskis Probat in response to cold stress. We found that nonfunctional stomata predominated in the zone of maximum manifestation of stress, whereas in the zones formed before and after the stress impact, the developmental anomalies come to the disturbance in the morphogenesis of subsidiary cells. In Saratovskaya 29, a significant amount of ectopic trichomes formed in rows predetermined to stoma formation. The proposed approach can provide standardized qualitative and quantitative data on stress-induced morphogenesis aberrations in wheat leaf epidermis. Subsequently, these data can be used for verification of computer models of leaf morphogenesis. Further study of the mechanisms of the effect of cold stress on morphogenesis will add to the search for additional opportunities to increase wheat yields in areas of risky agriculture.

Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy of Enzymes and Enzyme Complexes

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-175
Author(s):  
Ronald D. Edstrom ◽  
Xiuru Yang ◽  
Mary E. Gurnack ◽  
Marcia A. Miller ◽  
Rui Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Biology ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Bulk Liquid ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Metabolic Channeling ◽  
Simplistic Notion ◽  
Soluble Enzymes

Many of the questions in biochemistry and cell biology are concerned with the relationships of proteins and other macromolecules in complex arrays which are responsible for carrying out metabolic sequences. The simplistic notion that the enzymes we isolate in soluble form from the cytoplasm were also soluble in vivo is being replaced by the concept that these enzymes occur in organized systems within the cell. In this newer view, the cytoplasm is organized and the “soluble enzymes” are in fact fixed in the cellular space and the only soluble components of the cell are small metabolites, inorganic ions etc. Further support for the concept of metabolic organization is provided by the evidence of metabolic channeling. It has been shown that for some metabolic pathways, the intermediates are not in free diffusion equilibrium with the bulk liquid in the cell but are passed along, more or less directly, from one enzyme to the next.

IONIC EFFECTS ON THE UPTAKE OF CHLOROMERCURIBENZENE-p-SULPHONIC ACID BY PANCREATIC ISLETS

1977 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 552-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Söderberg ◽  
Inge-Bert Täljedal
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Islet Cell ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Sulphonic Acid ◽  
Cell Uptake ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Sulphydryl Groups ◽  
Microdissected Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Ionic Effects

ABSTRACT Effects of inorganic ions on the uptake of chloromercuribenzene-p-sulphonic acid (CMBS) were studied in microdissected pancreatic islets of non-inbred ob/ob-mice. Na2SO4 stimulated the total islet cell uptake of CMBS but decreased the amount of CMBS remaining in islets after brief washing with L-cysteine. CaCl2 stimulated both the total and the cysteine-non-displaceable uptake; the stimulatory effect of CaCl2 on the cysteine-non-displaceable CMBS uptake was counteracted by Na2SO4. NaCl, KCl or choline chloride had no significant effect on the total islet cell uptake of CMBS, whereas LiCl was stimulatory. It is concluded that β-cells resemble erythrocytes in having a permeation path for CMBS that is inhibited by SO42−. By analogy with existing models of the erythrocyte membrane, it is suggested that the SO42−-sensitive path leads to sulphydryl groups controlling monovalent cationic permeability in β-cells.

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