scholarly journals Wheat leaf epidermal pattern as a model for studying the influence of stress conditions on morphogenesis

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 837-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. S. Zubairova ◽  
A. V. Doroshkov
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Stationary Growth Phase ◽  
Leaf Epidermis ◽  
Leaf Morphogenesis ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Stoma Formation ◽  
Wheat Leaf ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Linear Leaf

The leaf epidermis of a monocotyledonous plant is a widely used model system for studying the differentiation of plant cells, as it contains readily observable specialized cells. The approach proposed in this paper uses a growing cereal leaf to study stress-induced dynamic changes in morphogenesis. In the process of formation, the linear leaf of wheat remains in the stationary growth phase for long. This fact permits us to observe a series of successive morphogenetic events recorded in the cellular structure of the mature leaf. In studying the cellular architecture of the wheat leaf epidermis, we obtained and processed confocal 3D images of wheat leaves stained with fluorescent dyes. This procedure allows an accurate morphometric description and determination of quantitative characteristics of the leaf epidermal pattern. Low temperatures are among the factors limiting the growing of crop plants in the temperate zone. In the present work, we show significant aberrations of stomatal morphogenesis in the epidermis of boot leaves of wheat varieties Saratovskaya 29 and Yanetskis Probat in response to cold stress. We found that nonfunctional stomata predominated in the zone of maximum manifestation of stress, whereas in the zones formed before and after the stress impact, the developmental anomalies come to the disturbance in the morphogenesis of subsidiary cells. In Saratovskaya 29, a significant amount of ectopic trichomes formed in rows predetermined to stoma formation. The proposed approach can provide standardized qualitative and quantitative data on stress-induced morphogenesis aberrations in wheat leaf epidermis. Subsequently, these data can be used for verification of computer models of leaf morphogenesis. Further study of the mechanisms of the effect of cold stress on morphogenesis will add to the search for additional opportunities to increase wheat yields in areas of risky agriculture.

scholarly journals Wheat leaf epidermal pattern as a model for studying the influence of stress conditions on morphogenesis

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
U. S. Zubairova ◽  
A. V. Doroshkov
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Stationary Growth Phase ◽  
Leaf Epidermis ◽  
Leaf Morphogenesis ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Stoma Formation ◽  
Wheat Leaf ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Linear Leaf

The leaf epidermis of a monocotyledonous plant is a widely used  model system for studying the differentiation of plant cells, as it  contains readily observable specialized cells. The approach proposed  in this paper uses a growing cereal leaf to study stress-induced dynamic changes in morphogenesis. In the process of formation, the linear leaf of wheat remains in the stationary growth phase for long. This fact permits us to observe a  series of successive morphogenetic events recorded in the cellular  structure of the mature leaf. In studying the cellular architecture of  the wheat leaf epidermis, we obtained and processed confocal 3D images of wheat leaves stained with fluorescent dyes. This  procedure allows an accurate morphometric description and  determination of quantitative characteristics of the leaf epidermal  pattern. Low temperatures are among the factors limiting the  growing of crop plants in the temperate zone. In the present work,  we show significant aberrations of stomatal morphogenesis in the  epidermis of boot leaves of wheat varieties Saratovskaya 29 and  Yanetskis Probat in response to cold stress. We found that  nonfunctional stomata predominated in the zone of maximum  manifestation of stress, whereas in the zones formed before and  after the stress impact, the developmental anomalies come to the  disturbance in the morphogenesis of subsidiary cells. In  Saratovskaya 29, a significant amount of ectopic trichomes formed  in rows predetermined to stoma formation. The proposed approach  can provide standardized qualitative and quantitative data on  stressinduced morphogenesis aberrations in wheat leaf epidermis.  Subsequently, these data can be used for verification of computer  models of leaf morphogenesis. Further study of the mechanisms of  the effect of cold stress on morphogenesis will add to the search for  additional opportunities to increase wheat yields in areas of risky  agriculture. 

Acute cold stress in rheumatoid arthritis inadequately activates stress responses and induces an increase of interleukin 6

2008 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 572-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
R H Straub ◽  
G Pongratz ◽  
H Hirvonen ◽  
T Pohjolainen ◽  
M Mikkelsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Cold Therapy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sympathetic Stress

Objective:Acute stress in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) should stimulate a strong stress response. After cryotherapy, we expected to observe an increase of hormones of the adrenal gland and the sympathetic nervous system.Methods:A total of 55 patients with RA were recruited for whole-body cryotherapy at −110°C and −60°C, and local cold therapy between −20°C and −30°C for 7 days. We measured plasma levels of steroid hormones, neuropeptide Y (sympathetic marker), and interleukin (IL)6 daily before and after cryotherapy.Results:In both therapy groups with/without glucocorticoids (GC), hormone and IL6 levels at baseline and 5 h after cold stress did not change over 7 days of cryotherapy. In patients without GC, plasma levels of cortisol and androstenedione were highest after −110°C cold stress followed by −60°C or local cold stress. The opposite was found in patients under GC therapy, in whom, unexpectedly, −110°C cold stress elicited the smallest responses. In patients without GC, adrenal cortisol production increased relative to other adrenal steroids, and again the opposite was seen under GC therapy with a loss of cortisol and an increase of dehydroepiandrosterone. Importantly, there was no sympathetic stress response in both groups. Patients without GC and −110°C cold stress demonstrated higher plasma IL6 compared to the other treatment groups (not observed under GC), but they showed the best clinical response.Conclusions:We detected an inadequate stress response in patients with GC. It is further shown that the sympathetic stress response was inadequate in patients with/without GC. Paradoxically, plasma levels of IL6 increased under strong cold stress in patients without GC. These findings confirm dysfunctional stress axes in RA.

scholarly journals Association of Pestalotiopsis Guepinii (DESM.) Stay. with Bipolaris Leaf Blight (BpLB) Infected Wheat Leaves-A new Record

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-90
Author(s):  
Shamim Shamsi ◽  
Mst Selina Momtaz
Keyword(s):  
New Record ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Anamorphic Fungus ◽  
Wheat Leaf ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Pestalotiopsis guepinii (Desm.) Stay an anamorphic fungus belonging to the class Celomycetes was isolated from Bipolaris leaf blight (BpLB) infected wheat leaf of two wheat varieties namely, Balaka and Saurab during the period of February to March, 2011. Association of Pestalotiopsis guepinii with wheat is a new record.Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 40, No. 1, 87-90, 2016

scholarly journals The Diverse Potential of Gluten from Different Durum Wheat Varieties in Triggering Celiac Disease: A Multilevel In Vitro, Ex Vivo and In Vivo Approach

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3566
Author(s):  
Federica Gaiani ◽  
Sara Graziano ◽  
Fatma Boukid ◽  
Barbara Prandi ◽  
Lorena Bottarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Before And After

The reasons behind the increasing prevalence of celiac disease (CD) worldwide are still not fully understood. This study adopted a multilevel approach (in vitro, ex vivo, in vivo) to assess the potential of gluten from different wheat varieties in triggering CD. Peptides triggering CD were identified and quantified in mixtures generated from simulated gastrointestinal digestion of wheat varieties (n = 82). Multivariate statistics enabled the discrimination of varieties generating low impact on CD (e.g., Saragolla) and high impact (e.g., Cappelli). Enrolled subjects (n = 46) were: 19 healthy subjects included in the control group; 27 celiac patients enrolled for the in vivo phase. Celiacs were divided into a gluten-free diet group (CD-GFD), and a GFD with Saragolla-based pasta group (CD-Sar). The diet was followed for 3 months. Data were compared between CD-Sar and CD-GFD before and after the experimental diet, demonstrating a limited ability of Saragolla to trigger immunity, although not comparable to a GFD. Ex vivo studies showed that Saragolla and Cappelli activated immune responses, although with great variability among patients. The diverse potential of durum wheat varieties in triggering CD immune response was demonstrated. Saragolla is not indicated for celiacs, yet it has a limited potential to trigger adverse immune response.

scholarly journals Synergism between calcium nitrate applications and fungal endophytes to increase sugar concentration in Festuca sinensis under cold stress

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10568
Author(s):  
Lianyu Zhou ◽  
Chunjie Li ◽  
James F. White ◽  
Richard D. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Endophyte Infection ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Epichloë endophytes have been shown to increase tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses in many cool-season grasses. We investigated the impact of endophyte infection of Festuca sinensis, on root metabolic activity, photosynthetic pigments, leaf relative water content (RWC) and soluble carbohydrates in a field experiment carried out during chilling and irrigation with Ca(NO3)2. A highly significant (P < 0.001) correlation for Epichloë endophytes was observed for root metabolic activity. Ca(NO3)2affectedverysignificantly root metabolic activity and total chlorophyll (P < 0.001). Low temperature led to highly significant (P < 0.001) reductions in root metabolic activity, RWC, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a/b ratio, and carotenoid contents. In addition, the fructose concentrations of shoots were greater on the 14th day than on the 28th day and before treatment, whilst the glucose concentration of roots was much higher on the 28th day than before and after 14 days treatment. Moreover, our results indicated that the addition of calcium nitrate contributed to higher levels of total chlorophylls, soluble sugars, sucrose, fructose or glucose in the shoots and roots in both E+ and E- plants during long periods of chilling. These results suggest that Epichloë endophyte infection and/or exogenous calcium nitrate can confer better tolerance to cold stress.

scholarly journals Cold-stress response during the stationary-growth phase of Antarctic and temperate-climate Penicillium strains

Microbiology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 163 (7) ◽  
pp. 1042-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeni G. Miteva-Staleva ◽  
Ekaterina T. Krumova ◽  
Spassen V. Vassilev ◽  
Maria B. Angelova
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Stationary Growth Phase ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Stationary Growth

Modulatory role for the serotonergic cerebral giant cells in the feeding system of the snail, Lymnaea. II. Photoinactivation

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 1372-1382 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Yeoman ◽  
G. Kemenes ◽  
P. R. Benjamin ◽  
C. J. Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Spike Activity ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Lucifer Yellow ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Blue Laser ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Feeding Rhythm ◽  
Before And After

1. Photoinactivation of dye-filled neurons was used to examine the modulatory role of the paired cerebral giant cells (CGCs) in the Lymnaea feeding system. 2. Both CGCs were filled with fluorescent dyes. Lucifer yellow was used for "soma" kills and injected via intracellular microelectrodes. CGC axons were retrogradely filled with 5 (6)-carboxyfluorescein (5-CF), through the cut ends of the ventro- and lateral buccal nerves, for "axonal" kills. 3. Irradiation of the CGC soma with a blue laser light (0.5 MW/m2) led to a loss of their recorded membrane potentials and the synaptic responses with their postsynaptic cells (feeding motor neurons). CGC coupling and axonal fluorescence were lost after axonal irradiation. 4. The tonic firing rate of CGC axon spikes in peripheral nerve roots following bilateral soma kills was reduced to approximately 15% of preirradiation levels (n = 2; from 52.5 +/- 3.75 spikes/min to 8.2 +/- 0.95 spikes/min; mean +/- SE) but spike activity was not completely eliminated. 5. The fictive feeding rhythm was evoked by depolarizing a modulatory neuron, the slow oscillator (SO), before and after laser irradiation. Thirty minutes after both the CGCs were irradiated (n = 8), the frequency of the SO-driven feeding rhythm was reduced. Mean fictive feeding rates were reduced from 8.3 to 4.5 cycles/min for soma kills (n = 3) and from 16.2 to 9.6 cycles/min for axonal kills (n = 5; P < 0.05). 6. The results suggest that the CGCs play a modulatory role in controlling the frequency of oscillation of the feeding central pattern generator (CPG) in Lymnaea. The SO could still drive a full fictive feeding rhythm after irradiation but at a reduced rate. At least in the soma kills, the residual spike activity retained in the distal branches of the CGCs appeared sufficient to allow the SO to drive this slow rhythm.

Influence of fluorescent dyes for dyeing of regenerated cellulose fabric

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1385-1395
Author(s):  
Hao Liu ◽  
Minglei Lu ◽  
Fukui Pan ◽  
Xin Ning ◽  
Jinfa Ming
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Intensity ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Cellulose Fiber ◽  
Regenerated Cellulose ◽  
Fluorescent Properties ◽  
Color Strength ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dyed Fabric

This study attempted to dye regenerated cellulose fiber fabric with fluorescent dyes in different conditions (dyeing time, temperature, pH, concentration, etc.) and investigated their effects on color strength, fluorescence intensity, and other properties of dyed fabrics. The exhaust dyeing method was applied in this experiment for cellulose based knitted fabrics. The physical properties of dyed knitted fabrics before and after treatment with fluorescent dyes were determined and evaluated. After fluorescent staining, the results showed that a large number of granular fluorescent particles were coated on the fiber surface. Higher K/ S values were obtained under conditions of a dyeing temperature of 80℃, dyeing time of 30 min, and NaCl concentration of 1 wt% than other conditions. Moreover, the fluorescence intensity of the dyed fabric was also highest at 80℃. The color strength and bursting strength of dyed knitted fabrics were increased with the increase of the concentration of fluorescein sodium. Thus, cellulose based knitted fabric dyed with fluorescent dyes exhibited excellent fluorescent properties and could be used in fluorescent clothing.

Concentrations of Vacuolar Inorganic Ions in Individual Cells of Intact Wheat Leaf Epidermis

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. MALONE ◽  
R. A. LEIGH ◽  
A. D TOMOS
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Leaf Epidermis ◽  
Wheat Leaf
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document