Body Dysmorphic Disorder

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-31
Author(s):  
Sophie C. Schneider ◽  
Amita Jassi ◽  
Lauren Peile ◽  
D. Luis Ordaz ◽  
Eric A. Storch
Keyword(s):  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Muscle Dysmorphia ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Symptom Presentation ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Adequate Treatment

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), which affects approximately 1.9% of adults and 1.7% to 2.2% of adolescents, is characterized by a belief that some aspect of one’s appearance is unattractive, abnormal, or deformed, despite these flaws being unobservable or appearing minimal to others. These appearance preoccupations are intrusive, distressing, and time-consuming, and are chronic without adequate treatment. This chapter discusses the nature of BDD across the lifespan, including muscle dysmorphia. Beyond a discussion of symptom presentation and associated assessment, information about cognitive-behavioral and pharmacological treatments is presented. The chapter concludes with a discussion about future research and clinical directions.

Cultural, Racial, and Ethnic Aspects of Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Treatment Implications

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Dixon ◽  
Luana Marques
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Diverse Populations ◽  
Beauty Ideals ◽  
Areas Of Concern

Research suggests that body image is significantly influenced by sociocultural variables such as beauty ideals and/or ethnicity. As such, elucidating sociocultural variables such as race and ethnicity in relation to body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is important to understanding and treating this condition. This chapter reviews perceptions of body image in BDD, body areas of concern in BDD, BDD-related behaviors, and barriers to care as they relate to race and ethnicity in individuals with BDD. Relationships between identity variables and BDD are illustrated using a case example. Modifications for cognitive-behavioral therapy for BDD are suggested when working with diverse populations. Areas for future research are outlined.

An Intensive Cognitive Behavioral Treatment for Body Dysmorphic Disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-206
Author(s):  
Fugen Neziroglu ◽  
Brittany Bonasera ◽  
Desiree Curcio
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Developmentally Appropriate ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Intensive Approach

Body dysmorphic disorder affects 2.4% of the U.S. adult population, with the most common age of onset between 12 and 13 years. However, research in the area of adolescent BDD is minimal. This case study describes the intensive approach of treatment used for a 14-year-old female diagnosed with BDD. Treatment included an individualized course of cognitive behavioral therapy and exposure and response prevention. BDD symptoms decreased after 27 full-day sessions in an outpatient clinic. In addition, general levels of anxiety decreased and level of functioning increased. Tailoring standard treatments and utilizing developmentally appropriate techniques were significant factors for the adolescent’s success. Implications for future research and treatment are discussed.

Mechanisms of Change in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Body Dysmorphic Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 596-610
Author(s):  
Angela Fang ◽  
Gail Steketee ◽  
Aparna Keshaviah ◽  
Elizabeth Didie ◽  
Katharine A. Phillips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Mechanisms Of Change

TF-CBT Group Intervention for Children in High Conflict Custody Disputes

2021 ◽  
pp. 106648072110057
Author(s):  
Kelli Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Group Intervention ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
High Conflict ◽  
Custody Disputes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Traumatic Symptoms

This article proposes a conceptual group approach using trauma-based cognitive behavioral therapy for children involved in high conflict custody disputes. Traditionally, interventions for this population have focused on repairing the relationship between parent and child and less on addressing the traumatic symptoms with which the child is suffering. The proposed intervention focuses solely on the needs of the child and provides an outline for seven sessions during which the PRACTICE model of trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy is used. Additionally, ethical implications and directions for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Culturally Adapted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Body Dysmorphic Disorder: Case Examples

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary Weingarden ◽  
Luana Marques ◽  
Angela Fang ◽  
Nicole LeBlanc ◽  
Ulrike Buhlmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Culturally Adapted

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Adolescent Body Dysmorphic Disorder

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Greenberg ◽  
Sarah Markowitz ◽  
Michael R. Petronko ◽  
Caitlin E. Taylor ◽  
Sabine Wilhelm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral

Clinical Management of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel R Chamberlain
Keyword(s):  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Medical Issues ◽  
Evidence Based Treatments ◽  
Current Knowledge Base ◽  
Hair Pulling Disorder

Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders (OCRDs) now have their own category in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition. Disorders currently classified as OCRDs are obsessive-compulsive disorder, trichotillomania (hair pulling disorder), excoriation (skin picking) disorder, hoarding disorder, and body dysmorphic disorder. Collectively, the OCRDs are prevalent, cause considerable functional impairment, and are often overlooked by clinicians. This review surveys current definitions and diagnosis of OCRDs, highlighting recommended assessment tools, differential diagnoses, and medical issues. The heritability of OCRDs is examined, based on available twin data, along with implicated genetic factors. Neurobiological understanding of OCRDs is outlined, focusing on dysregulation of habit generation and top-down response control corticostriatal pathways. The review then highlights evidence-based treatments for OCRDs, which differ considerably between individual disorders. Treatment guidance includes descriptions of target medication doses and therapy content. Lastly, limitations in the current knowledge base for OCRDs are reviewed, with implications for future research directions. This review contains 1 figure, 7 tables, and 40 references. Key words: compulsivity, dopamine, glutamate, impulsivity, screening for OCD, serotonin 

Assistive Technology-Based Programs and Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions for Helping Adaptive Responding of Children and Adolescents With Rett Syndrome

2021 ◽  
pp. 167-188
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Stasolla ◽  
Alessandro O. Caffò ◽  
Viviana Perilli
Keyword(s):  
Assistive Technology ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Rett Syndrome ◽  
Challenging Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Adaptive Skills ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Adaptive Responding

This chapter provides the reader with a concise overview of the newest empirical evidences available on the use of assistive technology and cognitive behavioral interventions to promote adaptive skills and decrease challenging behaviors of children and adolescents with Rett syndrome and severe to profound developmental disabilities. Four main categories of studies were identified, namely (1) communication skills, (2) adaptive skills, (3) challenging behavior, and (4) on-task behavior. Twenty-six contributions were reviewed, and 936 participants were involved. Results were largely positive, although rare failures occurred. Educational, clinical, rehabilitative, and psychological implications of the findings were critically discussed. Some useful suggestions for future research and practice were emphasized.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia for Caregivers

2019 ◽  
pp. 201-218
Author(s):  
Kelly M. Shaffer ◽  
Patricia Carter ◽  
Sheila N. Garland ◽  
Allison J. Applebaum
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Compensatory Behaviors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cancer Caregivers ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

Between 40% and 76% of cancer caregivers report clinically significant symptoms of insomnia, likely due in part to the unique responsibilities, stressors, and compensatory behaviors endemic to the role. Insomnia negatively affects one’s mental and physical health, is frequently chronic, and may impair the normal grieving process among bereaved caregivers. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is a first-line treatment for insomnia and is well suited to address the multifaceted contributing factors unique to caregivers’ sleep disturbance. This chapter addresses the distinct presentation of insomnia among cancer caregivers and describes key modifications to standard CBT-I that address these specific needs to enhance sensitivity and feasibility. A case example demonstrates the implementation of CBT-I tailored to one caregiver’s presentation. Future research must demonstrate effectiveness and acceptability of CBT-I among active caregivers, as well as develop a wide range of effective CBT-I delivery modalities to best serve this vulnerable population.

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