Understanding Substance Use Problems

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-22
Author(s):  
Dennis C. Daley ◽  
Antoine Douaihy
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Attention Deficit Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Pain Anxiety ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Specific Symptoms

This chapter provides an overview of substance use, substance use disorders (SUDs), and co-occurring disorders (CODs, or SUDs combined with psychiatric illness). The authors address current trends in substance use, challenges for practitioners, the importance of a therapeutic alliance with clients, causes and effects of SUDs, classification of SUDs based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), and specific symptoms of a SUD. A substance problem exists when an individual experiences any difficulty or adverse effect caused by the use of alcohol, tobacco, or other drugs. These include illicit street drugs and prescription drugs with addiction potential used for pain, anxiety, sleep, and attention deficit disorder.

Diagnoses, Dimensions, and DSM-5

2010 ◽  
pp. 254-279
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Widiger ◽  
Maryanne Edmundson
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Dimensional Classification ◽  
Diagnosis And Classification

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition (DSM-III) is often said to have provided a significant paradigm shift in how psychopathology is diagnosed. The authors of DSM-5 have the empirical support and the opportunity to lead the field of psychiatry to a comparably bold new future in diagnosis and classification. The purpose of this chapter is to address the validity of the categorical and dimensional models for the classification and diagnosis of psychopathology. Considered in particular will be research concerning substance use disorders, mood disorders, and personality disorders. Limitations and concerns with respect to a dimensional classification of psychopathology are also considered. The chapter concludes with a recommendation for a conversion to a more quantitative, dimensional classification of psychopathology.

Diagnoses, Dimensions, and DSM-5

2014 ◽  
pp. 255-280
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Widiger ◽  
Maryanne Edmundson
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Dimensional Classification ◽  
Diagnosis And Classification

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition (DSM-III) is often said to have provided a significant paradigm shift in how psychopathology is diagnosed. The authors of DSM-5 have the empirical support and the opportunity to lead the field of psychiatry to a comparably bold new future in diagnosis and classification. The purpose of this chapter is to address the validity of the categorical and dimensional models for the classification and diagnosis of psychopathology. Considered in particular will be research concerning substance use disorders, mood disorders, and personality disorders. Limitations and concerns with respect to a dimensional classification of psychopathology are also considered. The chapter concludes with a recommendation for a conversion to a more quantitative, dimensional classification of psychopathology.

Comparison of Alcohol Use Disorders in DSM and ICD

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-153
Author(s):  
Jessica W. M. Wong ◽  
Friedrich M. Wurst ◽  
Ulrich W. Preuss
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Historical Developments

Abstract. Introduction: With advances in medicine, our understanding of diseases has deepened and diagnostic criteria have evolved. Currently, the most frequently used diagnostic systems are the ICD (International Classification of Diseases) and the DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) to diagnose alcohol-related disorders. Results: In this narrative review, we follow the historical developments in ICD and DSM with their corresponding milestones reflecting the scientific research and medical considerations of their time. The current diagnostic concepts of DSM-5 and ICD-11 and their development are presented. Lastly, we compare these two diagnostic systems and evaluate their practicability in clinical use.

Angststörungen – von der ICD-10 zur ICD-11

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Timo D. Vloet ◽  
Marcel Romanos
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
International Classification ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Icd 10

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Nach 12 Jahren Entwicklung wird die 11. Version der International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) von der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) im Januar 2022 in Kraft treten. Methodik: Im Rahmen eines selektiven Übersichtsartikels werden die Veränderungen im Hinblick auf die Klassifikation von Angststörungen von der ICD-10 zur ICD-11 zusammenfassend dargestellt. Ergebnis: Die diagnostischen Kriterien der generalisierten Angststörung, Agoraphobie und spezifischen Phobien werden angepasst. Die ICD-11 wird auf Basis einer Lebenszeitachse neu organisiert, sodass die kindesaltersspezifischen Kategorien der ICD-10 aufgelöst werden. Die Trennungsangststörung und der selektive Mutismus werden damit den „regulären“ Angststörungen zugeordnet und können zukünftig auch im Erwachsenenalter diagnostiziert werden. Neu ist ebenso, dass verschiedene Symptomdimensionen der Angst ohne kategoriale Diagnose verschlüsselt werden können. Diskussion: Die Veränderungen im Bereich der Angsterkrankungen umfassen verschiedene Aspekte und sind in der Gesamtschau nicht unerheblich. Positiv zu bewerten ist die Einführung einer Lebenszeitachse und Parallelisierung mit dem Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Schlussfolgerungen: Die entwicklungsbezogene Neuorganisation in der ICD-11 wird auch eine verstärkte längsschnittliche Betrachtung von Angststörungen in der Klinik sowie Forschung zur Folge haben. Damit rückt insbesondere die Präventionsforschung weiter in den Fokus.

Psychotic disorders in DSM-5 and ICD-11

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Falko Biedermann ◽  
W. Wolfgang Fleischhacker
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Work Group ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
World Health ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Diagnostic Criterion

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) was published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 2013, and the Work Group on the Classification of Psychotic disorders (WGPD), installed by the World Health Organization (WHO), is expected to publish the new chapter about schizophrenia and other primary psychotic disorders in 2017. We reviewed the available literature to summarize the major changes, innovations, and developments of both manuals. If available and possible, we outline the theoretical background behind these changes. Due to the fact that the development of ICD-11 has not yet been completed, the details about ICD-11 are still proposals under ongoing revision. In this ongoing process, they may be revised and therefore have to be seen as proposals. DSM-5 has eliminated schizophrenia subtypes and replaced them with a dimensional approach based on symptom assessments. ICD-11 will most likely go in a similar direction, as both manuals are planned to be more harmonized, although some differences will remain in details and the conceptual orientation. Next to these modifications, ICD-11 will provide a transsectional diagnostic criterion for schizoaffective disorders and a reorganization of acute and transient psychotic and delusional disorders. In this manuscript, we will compare the 2 classification systems.

Psychiatry Board Review

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Certification Examination ◽  
Board Examination ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Techniques ◽  
Board Review

The field of psychiatry is rapidly evolving, specifically in the areas of psychopharmacology, psychotherapeutic strategies, and the classification of many major psychiatric disorders with the implementation of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5 in 2013. A new board review textbook is imperative to address these changes in order to prepare board-eligible psychiatrists for the certification examination as well as for clinical practice in general. Additionally, the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology is in the process of phasing in the DSM-5 criteria to the board examination, such that by 2017 the examination material will exclusively reflect the new manual. The book is aimed primarily at board-eligible psychiatrists preparing for their Initial certification in psychiatry. It will be a useful study tool for psychiatrists renewing certification as well, which in the United States is required every ten years. Furthermore the text will also be a useful reference for all psychiatrists in clinical practice to familiarize themselves with the new diagnostic classifications of DSM-5, the latest psychopharmacologic treatment strategies, and psychotherapeutic techniques.

Eating disorders

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 304-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Erzegovesi ◽  
Laura Bellodi
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Feeding And Eating Disorders ◽  
Not Otherwise Specified ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Icd 10

Twenty years have passed from the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) and, in the meanwhile, a lot of research data about eating disorders has been published. This article reviews the main modifications to the classification of eating disorders reported in the “Feeding and Eating Disorders” chapter of the DSM-5, and compares them with the ICD-10 diagnostic guidelines. Particularly, we will show that DSM-5 criteria widened the diagnoses of anorexia and bulimia nervosa to less severe forms (so decreasing the frequency of Eating Disorders, Not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS) diagnoses), introduced the new category of Binge Eating Disorder, and incorporated several feeding disorders that were first diagnosed in infancy, childhood, or adolescence. On the whole, the DSM-5 revision should allow the clinician to make more reliable and timely diagnoses for eating disorders.

Bipolar and related disorders in DSM-5 and ICD-10

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Kaltenboeck ◽  
Dietmar Winkler ◽  
Siegfried Kasper
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Previous Edition ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
International Statistical Classification

Bipolar disorders are a group of psychiatric disorders with profound negative impact on affected patients. Even if their symptomatology has long been recognized, diagnostic criteria have changed over time and diagnosis often remains difficult. The Fifth Edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), issued in May 2013, comprises several changes regarding the diagnosis of bipolar disorders compared to the previous edition. Diagnostic categories and criteria for bipolar disorders show some concordance with the internationally also widely used Tenth Edition of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10). However, there are also major differences that are worth highlighting. The aim of the following text is to depict and discuss those.

Introduction and Plan for This Workbook

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Dennis C. Daley ◽  
Antoine Douaihy
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Drug Misuse ◽  
Mutual Support ◽  
Drugs And Alcohol ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Substance Use Problems ◽  
Drug Problems

In this workbook, the authors provide information about substance use problems, recovery, relapse, professional treatments available, and mutual support programs. Substance use problems are problems with alcohol, tobacco, or any other type of drug. Problems may show in binge drinking, drug misuse (using illicit drugs, using other people’s prescription drugs with addiction potential, mixing drugs or drugs and alcohol in ways that are risky) or a substance use disorder (SUD). Although there are differences among the various substance use problems, there are also many similarities. The goals of this chapter are to become aware of current trends in substance use, misuse, and substance use disorders; to learn the multiple factors contributing to a substance use problem; to identify the different paths and benefits to recovery; to understand the benefits of using this workbook in therapy or counseling; and to learn the importance of keeping records and completing recovery worksheets.

Agreement Between a Brief Autism Observational Instrument and Established ASD Measures

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha L. Ward ◽  
Karen A. Sullivan ◽  
Linda Gilmore
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Test Characteristics ◽  
Total Scale Score

Objective: Limited time and resources necessitate the availability of accurate, inexpensive and rapid diagnostic aids for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The Autistic Behavioural Indicators Instrument (ABII) was developed for this purpose, but its psychometric properties have not yet been fully established. Method: The clinician-rated ABII, the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS), the Childhood Autism Rating Scale – Second Edition, Standard Version (CARS2-ST), and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) diagnostic criteria were individually administered to children with an independent paediatrician DSM-IV-TR or DSM-5 autism spectrum diagnosis, aged 2-6 years (n = 51, Mchildage = 3.6 years). The agreement between each of the measures on autism diagnostic classification was calculated and compared, and the intercorrelation between the instruments examined. Results: There was significant moderate agreement for the classification of autism between the ABII and the DSM-5, and significant fair agreement between the ABII and ADOS and ABII and CARS2-ST. True positive diagnostic classifications were similar across the ABII (n = 47, 92.2%) and ADOS (n = 45, 88.2%), and significantly higher than the CARS2-ST (n = 30, 58.8%). The ABII total scale score was strongly positively correlated with both the ADOS and CARS2-ST total scores. Conclusion: The ABII's test characteristics were comparable to those of established measures, and the intercorrelations between selected measures support its convergent validity. The ABII could be added to the clinician's toolbox as a screening test.

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