The Role of Implementation Science in Advancing Psychosocial Cancer Care

2021 ◽  
pp. 400-406
Author(s):  
Paul B. Jacobsen ◽  
Wynne E. Norton
Keyword(s):  
Implementation Science ◽  
Psychosocial Care ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Models Of Care ◽  
Routine Clinical Practice ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Considerable Evidence ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Pragmatic Clinical Trials

Despite considerable evidence that psychosocial care can effectively reduce distress in patients with cancer, many individuals who could benefit from these services do not receive them. This situation reflects, in part, the general lack of studies informed by implementation science that are designed specifically to promote the adoption of evidence-based models of psychosocial care as part of routine clinical practice. Thus, part of the solution involves expanding the scope of research in psychosocial oncology to include designing and conducting pragmatic clinical trials and using hybrid designs to simultaneously evaluate clinical effectiveness and barriers and facilitators of implementation. Use of these approaches holds considerable potential for promoting more widespread adoption of evidence-based models of care and providing stronger support for standards and policies related to the psychosocial care of people with cancer.

scholarly journals The role of implementation science in improving distress assessment and management in oncology: a commentary on “Screening for psychosocial distress among patients with cancer: implications for clinical practice, healthcare policy, and dissemination to enhance cancer survivorship”

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul B Jacobsen ◽  
Wynne E Norton
Keyword(s):  
Implementation Science ◽  
Psychosocial Care ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Distress Screening ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Pragmatic Clinical Trials

Abstract Despite considerable evidence that psychosocial interventions can effectively relieve distress in patients with cancer, many individuals who could benefit from these interventions do not receive them. A proposed solution to this problem is the establishment of programs in oncology settings that routinely screen for distress and refer patients for appropriate psychosocial care. This commentary addresses a review by Ehlers et al. that describes policies and procedures related to distress screening, summarizes prior research on this topic, and identifies key areas for future research. Among their major conclusions is the need for research to fill the gap in knowledge about how best to implement new distress screening programs as well as optimize the use and efficiency of existing programs. This commentary focuses on how the types of study methods, designs, and outcomes that are commonplace in implementation science to facilitate the integration of research into practice can be applied to distress screening programs. Priorities identified include designing and conducting pragmatic clinical trials, evaluating multilevel interventions, and using hybrid designs to simultaneously evaluate clinical effectiveness and barriers and facilitators of implementation. Use of these approaches holds considerable potential for developing an evidence base that can promote more widespread adoption of effective distress screening programs and inform further development of standards and policies related to the psychosocial care of patients with cancer.

scholarly journals Implementation Science in Pediatric Psychology: The Example of Type 1 Diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 1068-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Price ◽  
Rinad S Beidas ◽  
Courtney Benjamin Wolk ◽  
Kimberly Genuario ◽  
Anne E Kazak
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Implementation Science ◽  
Psychosocial Care ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Pediatric Psychology ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Children And Families ◽  
Integration Of Care

Abstract Objective Evidence-based screening, assessment, and intervention practices for youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are underutilized. Implementation science (IS) offers theoretical models and frameworks to guide rigorous mixed methods research to advance comprehensive care for children and families. Methods We conducted a targeted review of applications of IS to T1D. Results Pediatric T1D research offers initial, but still limited studies on implementation of evidence-based psychosocial care. IS designates approaches to understanding multi-level factors that influence implementation, ways to alter these factors, and methods to evaluate strategies to improve implementation. Conclusions IS is promising for advancing the translation of pediatric psychology approaches into clinical care. Following the science of implementation, further documentation of the reach of evidence-based care and establishing practice guidelines are important initial steps. Examining the barriers and facilitators of evidence-based psychosocial care can guide the development of testable implementation strategies to improve integration of care. Successful strategies can be evaluated through multi-site controlled implementation trials to explore their effectiveness. These lines of inquiry can be considered within pediatric populations, but may also be used to examine similarities and differences in effectiveness of implementation strategies across populations and settings. Such research has the potential to improve the health and well-being of children and families.

General practice nurses and physicians and end of life: a systematic review of models of care

2020 ◽  
pp. bmjspcare-2019-002114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Mitchell ◽  
Michèle Aubin ◽  
Hugh Senior ◽  
Claire Johnson ◽  
Julia Fallon-Ferguson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
Health System ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Models Of Care ◽  
Case Conference ◽  
Practice Nurses ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Primary Care Practitioners ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundGeneral practitioners (GPs) and general practice nurses (GPNs) face increasing demands to provide palliative care (PC) or end-of-life care (EoLC) as the population ages. In order to maximise the impact of GPs and GPNs, the impact of different models of care that have been developed to support their practice of EoLC needs to be understood.ObjectiveTo examine published models of EoLC that incorporate or support GP and GPN practice, and their impact on patients, families and the health system.MethodSystematic literature review. Data included papers (2000 to 2017) sought from Medline, Psychinfo, Embase, Joanna Briggs Institute and Cochrane databases.ResultsFrom 6209 journal articles, 13 papers reported models of care supporting the GP and GPN’s role in EoLC or PC practice. Services and guidelines for clinical issues have mixed impact on improving symptoms, but improved adherence to clinical guidelines. National Frameworks facilitated patients being able to die in their preferred place. A single specialist PC-GP case conference reduced hospitalisations, better maintained functional capacity and improved quality of life parameters in both patients with cancer and without cancer. No studies examined models of care aimed at supporting GPNs.ConclusionsPrimary care practitioners have a natural role to play in EoLC, and most patient and health system outcomes are substantially improved with their involvement. Successful integrative models need to be tested, particularly in non-malignant diseases. Such models need to be explored further. More work is required on the role of GPNs and how to support them in this role.

Implementation of evidence-based practices for early childhood social learning: a viewpoint on the role of teacher attitudes

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-74
Author(s):  
Angeliki Kallitsoglou
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Social Learning ◽  
Implementation Science ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Evidence Based Practices ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Adoption And Implementation ◽  
Teachers Attitudes

Purpose Despite their documented benefits, evidence-based practices (EBPs) for early childhood social learning are not systematically implemented. Teachers are key players in the implementation process of intervention programs and instructional practices. This is a viewpoint about teachers’ attitudes towards EBPs and their role in the successful implementation of EBPs for early childhood social learning. Design/methodology/approach The viewpoint draws on theoretical models of intervention implementation and innovation adoption to explore the importance of individual factors for EBPs implementation and to inform the understanding of the relationship between teachers’ attitudes and EBPs implementation in the context of early childhood social learning. Additionally, it is informed by the literature on research-informed teaching to identify novel opportunities of cultivating positive views towards EBPs for early childhood social learning. Findings According to implementation science, in addition to macro-level social and organisation factors, micro-level individual factors that pertain to professionals’ attitudes towards EBPs are related to successful adoption and implementation of EBPs in organisations. Hence, it is important that the investigation of the adoption and implementation of EBPs for early childhood social learning considers the role of teachers’ attitudes towards EBPs. A conceptual model is proposed to explain that research-informed teaching could contribute to fostering positive attitudes towards EBPs for early childhood social learning by raising awareness of the value and potential of research to transform pedagogy. Originality/value This viewpoint draws on EBPs implementation science to identify important factors of EBPs adoption and implementation for early childhood social learning that have not been considered extensively and offers a conceptual framework to help understand how research-informed teaching could be an innovative avenue of promoting EBPs implementation in education.

scholarly journals Applying Principles of Implementation Science to Aging Programs and Policies

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 49-49
Author(s):  
Jaime Hughes ◽  
Nancy Morrow-Howell
Keyword(s):  
Implementation Science ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Services Research ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Science And Policy ◽  
Research Education ◽  
The Third ◽  
Intervention Science

Abstract Implementation science, defined by NIH as “the scientific study of the use of strategies to adopt and integrate evidence-based health interventions,” continues to grow within research, education, and practice-based settings. Building on principles from organizational psychology, intervention science, health economics, and health services research, implementation science aims to explore how, and under what conditions, evidence-based interventions are successfully implemented and sustained in real-world settings. Applying implementation science to aging programs and settings may help to accelerate the translation of effective programs and policies into practice. This interdisciplinary symposium will provide an introduction to key principles and applications of implementation science. The first three presentations will focus on largescale spread of interventions while the last two presentations will focus on broader applications of implementation science. The first two presentations will focus on adapting interventions from delivery in one setting or population to another. The third presentation will discuss the role of implementation strategies in scaling an intervention from a controlled research setting into a large integrated healthcare system. The third presentation will focus on the intersection of implementation science and policy. The final presentation will discuss the role of implementation science in alleviating health disparities and advancing health equity. Each presentation will utilize examples from ongoing research studies to demonstrate principles. The session will close with an interactive discussion on the role of implementation science within aging, including challenges and considerations for aging programs, policies, and populations as well as opportunities for further training and education.

Are Three Items Sufficient to Measure Sense of Coherence?

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Chiesi ◽  
Andrea Bonacchi ◽  
Caterina Primi ◽  
Alessandro Toccafondi ◽  
Guido Miccinesi
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Coherence ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Measure Sense

Abstract. The present study aimed at evaluating if the three-item sense of coherence (SOC) scale developed by Lundberg and Nystrom Peck (1995) can be effectively used for research purpose in both nonclinical and clinical samples. To provide evidence that it represents adequately the measured construct we tested its validity in a nonclinical (N = 658) and clinical sample (N = 764 patients with cancer). Results obtained in the nonclinical sample attested a positive relation of SOC – as measured by the three-item SOC scale – with Antonovsky’s 13-item and 29-item SOC scales (convergent validity), and with dispositional optimism, sense of mastery, anxiety, and depression symptoms (concurrent validity). Results obtained in the clinical sample confirmed the criterion validity of the scale attesting the positive role of SOC – as measured by the three-item SOC scale – on the person’s capacity to respond to illness and treatment. The current study provides evidence that the three-item SOC scale is a valid, low-loading, and time-saving instrument for research purposes on large sample.

Self-Regulatory Aspects of Bullshitting and Bullshit Detection

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-253
Author(s):  
John V. Petrocelli ◽  
Haley F. Watson ◽  
Edward R. Hirt
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Based ◽  
Regulatory Aspects

Abstract. Two experiments investigate the role of self-regulatory resources in bullshitting behavior (i.e., communicating with little to no regard for evidence, established knowledge, or truth; Frankfurt, 1986 ; Petrocelli, 2018a ), and receptivity and sensitivity to bullshit. It is hypothesized that evidence-based communication and bullshit detection require motivation and considerably greater self-regulatory resources relative to bullshitting and insensitivity to bullshit. In Experiment 1 ( N = 210) and Experiment 2 ( N = 214), participants refrained from bullshitting only when they possessed adequate self-regulatory resources and expected to be held accountable for their communicative contributions. Results of both experiments also suggest that people are more receptive to bullshit, and less sensitive to detecting bullshit, under conditions in which they possess relatively few self-regulatory resources.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document