Are Three Items Sufficient to Measure Sense of Coherence?

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Chiesi ◽  
Andrea Bonacchi ◽  
Caterina Primi ◽  
Alessandro Toccafondi ◽  
Guido Miccinesi
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Coherence ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Measure Sense

Abstract. The present study aimed at evaluating if the three-item sense of coherence (SOC) scale developed by Lundberg and Nystrom Peck (1995) can be effectively used for research purpose in both nonclinical and clinical samples. To provide evidence that it represents adequately the measured construct we tested its validity in a nonclinical (N = 658) and clinical sample (N = 764 patients with cancer). Results obtained in the nonclinical sample attested a positive relation of SOC – as measured by the three-item SOC scale – with Antonovsky’s 13-item and 29-item SOC scales (convergent validity), and with dispositional optimism, sense of mastery, anxiety, and depression symptoms (concurrent validity). Results obtained in the clinical sample confirmed the criterion validity of the scale attesting the positive role of SOC – as measured by the three-item SOC scale – on the person’s capacity to respond to illness and treatment. The current study provides evidence that the three-item SOC scale is a valid, low-loading, and time-saving instrument for research purposes on large sample.

scholarly journals Psychometric properties of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI) and its short-form (GAI-SF) in a clinical and non-clinical sample of older adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 1089-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carly Johnco ◽  
Ashleigh Knight ◽  
Dusanka Tadic ◽  
Viviana M. Wuthrich
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Divergent Validity

ABSTRACTBackground:The Geriatric Anxiety Inventory is a 20-item geriatric-specific measure of anxiety severity. While studies suggest good internal consistency and convergent validity, divergent validity from measures of depression are weak. Clinical cutoffs have been developed that vary across studies due to the small clinical samples used. A six-item short form (GAI-SF) has been developed, and while this scale is promising, the research assessing the psychometrics of this scale is limited.Methods:This study examined the psychometric properties of GAI and GAI-SF in a large sample of 197 clinical geriatric participants with a comorbid anxiety and unipolar mood disorder, and a non-clinical control sample (N = 59).Results:The internal consistency and convergent validity with other measures of anxiety was adequate for GAI and GAI-SF. Divergent validity from depressive symptoms was good in the clinical sample but weak in the total and non-clinical samples. Divergent validity from cognitive functioning was good in all samples. The one-factor structure was replicated for both measures. Receiver Operating Characteristic analyses indicated that the GAI is more accurate at identifying clinical status than the GAI-SF, although the sensitivity and specificity for the recommended cutoffs was adequate for both measures.Conclusions:Both GAI and GAI-SF show good psychometric properties for identifying geriatric anxiety. The GAI-SF may be a useful alternative screening measure for identifying anxiety in older adults.

Metacognitive beliefs in depressed in-patients: adaptation and validation of the short version of the Metacognitions Questionnaire (MCQ-30) for French clinical and non-clinical samples

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-502
Author(s):  
Axel Baptista ◽  
Charlotte Soumet-Leman ◽  
Arnauld Visinet ◽  
Roland Jouvent
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
French Version ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Metacognitive Beliefs ◽  
Method Analysis

AbstractBackground:The short form of the Metacognitions Questionnaire (MCQ-30) is a brief multi-dimensional measure which explores the metacognitive processes and beliefs about worry and cognition that are central to the vulnerability and maintenance of emotional disorders.Aims:The first aim of the study was to create and validate a French version of the MCQ-30 in a non-clinical and a clinical sample of depressed in-patients.Method:A French adaptation of the MCQ-30 was administered to a sample of 467 individuals from the general population and 73 hospitalized patients with major depressive disorder. Internal consistency was measured by Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficients. Factor structure was assessed using a confirmatory factor analysis on the non-clinical group and a multi-trait–multi-method analysis on the psychiatric group. Criterion validity was explored by comparing the scores of the two samples. Measures of rumination, worry and depression were used to explore convergent validity.Results:Confirmatory factor analysis in the non-clinical sample indicated that the French version of the MCQ-30 has the same factor structure as the MCQ-30’s original five-factor solution. In the clinical sample, the multi-trait–multi-method analysis revealed discrepancies with the original factor structure, and the MCQ-30 and its subscales were less reliable. Our results provide evidence of a convergent validity. The MCQ-30 scores were also able to discriminate between psychiatric and non-clinical samples.Conclusions:Our results show that the French version of the MCQ-30 is a valid instrument for measuring metacognitive beliefs in non-clinical population. Further research is needed to support its use among depressed in-patients.

scholarly journals Ovarian hormones and binge eating: exploring associations in community samples

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1749-1757 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Klump ◽  
P. K. Keel ◽  
K. M. Culbert ◽  
C. Edler
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Ovarian Hormones ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Continuous Measures

BackgroundSignificant associations between changes in ovarian hormones and binge eating are present across the menstrual cycle in women with bulimia nervosa. However, no study has examined these relationships in a non-clinical sample, despite the need for these data for designing risk-factor studies.MethodIn study 1, we modified several continuous measures of binge eating and identified those that were most sensitive to menstrual-cycle fluctuations in a non-clinical sample of 10 women who completed measures for 35 days. In study 2, we explored associations between ovarian hormones and binge-eating scores in nine women who completed these same measures for 65 days and provided daily saliva samples for assays of estradiol and progesterone concentrations.ResultsIn study 1, the Emotional Eating subscale of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire exhibited superior reliability and was most sensitive to predicted menstrual-cycle changes in binge eating (i.e. increased scores in the mid-luteal/premenstrual compared with follicular/ovulatory phases). In study 2, this scale showed predicted inverse associations with estradiol and positive associations with progesterone across the menstrual cycle that could not be accounted for by changes in negative affect.ConclusionAssociations between ovarian hormones and binge eating are robust and present in clinical and non-clinical samples. Findings support the ability to examine the role of ovarian hormones as risk factors for binge eating in large-scale prospective studies and twin studies.

A psychometric evaluation of the Standardized Assessment of Severity of Personality Disorder (SASPD) in non-clinical and clinical German samples

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Rek ◽  
Isabel Thielmann ◽  
Miriam Henkel ◽  
Mike Crawford ◽  
Luigi Piccirilli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Psychometric Evaluation ◽  
Symptom Distress ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Standardized Assessment ◽  
Clinical Samples

The Standardized Assessment of Severity of Personality Disorder (SASPD) is a nine-item self-report screening instrument and was developed to assess personality disorder (PD) severity according to the initial proposal of ICD-11. Our aim was to investigate the psychometric properties of the German version of the SASPD in non-clinical and clinical samples. A total of 1,991 participants (N = 888 from non-clinical and N = 1,103 from clinical samples) provided ratings on the SASPD as well as other measures of psychopathology and personality. We examined the SASPD regarding its factor structure, internal consistency, and construct validity. A unidimensional structure of the SASPD provided inadequate model fit, whereas a three-factor solution provided good fit in both the non-clinical and clinical samples. Internal consistency of the SASPD total score was acceptable in the clinical and in the non-clinical sample based on this multi-factorial model. In terms of convergent validity, SASPD scores correlated fairly with other measures of PD severity across samples. Discriminant validity with measures of general symptom distress and measures of (normal) personality traits was mixed. In addition, the SASPD scores predicted levels of PD severity above and beyond a measure of symptom distress. The SASPD captures some theoretically expected features of PD severity. However, the multidimensional structure and limited convergent and discriminant validity may hamper future usage of the SASPD as a short screening tool of PD severity according to ICD-11.

The Portuguese Version of the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire (DEQ): Results from a Validation Program in Clinical and non Clinical Samples

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui C. Campos ◽  
Avi Besser ◽  
Sidney J. Blatt
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Brief Symptom Inventory ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Reliability Factor ◽  
Validity Data ◽  
Portuguese Version

AbstractThe Depressive Experiences Questionnaire (DEQ, Blatt, D’Afflitti, & Quinlan, 1976, 1979), a self-report measure used in personality research, assesses the constructs of Dependency and Self-Criticism as vulnerability factors in depression (Blatt, 1974, 1990, 2004) and psychopathology more generally (Blatt, 2008; Blatt & Shichman, 1983). This study establishes a Portuguese version of the DEQ with six samples: a bilingual sample to test the measurement equivalence of the Portuguese DEQ, and two college student samples, two community samples and a clinical sample, to test the reliability, factor structure and criterion, convergent and predictive validity of this translation of the DEQ. A measure of depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; CES-D; Radloff, 1977) and of general psychopathology (Brief Symptom Inventory; BSI; Derogatis, 1993) evaluated the convergent validity of the DEQ. Findings indicate satisfactory reliability and validity of the Portuguese DEQ, and the value of the DEQ for investigating the relationship between personality and depression and between personality and psychopathology more generally. It is important to note, however, that these conclusions are based on a limited clinical sample. Additional reliability and validity data are needed with a larger clinical sample.

The Metacognitive Anger Processing (MAP) Scale: Preliminary Testing

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 504-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stine Bjerrum Moeller
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Processing Map ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Internal Reliability ◽  
Structure Reliability ◽  
Negative Beliefs ◽  
Map Scale

Background: Few studies have explored the metacognitive components of anger, and at present there is no metacognitive framework on anger incorporating both positive and negative beliefs about anger and distinct maladaptive processing routines, such as rumination. Aims: The aim of the present preliminary studies was to apply a metacognitive framework to anger and put forward a new anger self-report scale, the Metacognitive Anger Processing (MAP) scale, intended as a supplement to existing measures of anger disposition and to enhance anger treatment targets. Method: The new measure was tested in a nonclinical and a clinical sample together with measures of anger and metacognition to establish factor structure, reliability, concurrent, and convergent validity. Results: The MAP showed a reliable factor structure with three factors - Positive Beliefs about anger, Negative Beliefs about anger, and Rumination; good internal reliability, and test-retest reliability. The subscales showed positive correlations with anger and the pattern of correlation with the general metacognitive measure supported the idea that the MAP represents dimensions of metacognition as it relates to anger. Conclusions: The present data indicate that positive as well as negative beliefs are involved in the tendency to ruminate about angry emotions. Clinical interventions may benefit from an exploration of the patient´s experience of anger, as structured by the MAP's factors and their interrelationships. The psychometric properties of the MAP should be further investigated in clinical samples using larger test batteries and objective measures of aggression.

scholarly journals The role of gratitude and positive reframing on student activists' level of sense of coherence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chrysan Gomargana ◽  
Yonathan Aditya
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Coherence ◽  
Student Organizations ◽  
Private University ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Student Activists ◽  
Positive Reframing ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Measure Sense

This study aimed to provide evidence regarding how gratitude and positive reframing serve as predictors on student activists’ levels of sense of coherence in a private university in Tangerang. Data was collected from a sample of 140 students who were active members of student organizations. The Gratitude Questionnaire Six-Item-Form (GQ-6) was used to measure gratitude, Positive Reframing Measurement (PRM) was used to measure positive reframing, and Sense of Coherence Scale 13 Items (SOC-13) was used to measure sense of coherence. The result exhibited a significant contribution of gratitude and positive reframing toward student activist’s level of sense of coherence and all its dimensions. Other findings related to these variables, limitations of the study, and future research directions are also discussed.

Psychometric properties of Persian version of Cognitive Behavioural Avoidance Scale: results from student, general population and clinical samples in Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 705-716
Author(s):  
Reza Moloodi ◽  
Keith Dobson ◽  
Ladan Fata ◽  
Abbas Pourshahbaz ◽  
Parvaneh Mohammadkhani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
General Population ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
General Population Sample ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
Persian Version

AbstractBackground:There is no published evidence about the psychometric properties of the Cognitive Behavioral Avoidance Scale (CBAS) in Eastern cultures.Aims:The current research evaluated the psychometric properties of a Persian version of the CBAS.Method:The research consisted of two studies. In Study 1, a university student sample (n = 702) completed the CBAS, the Beck Depression Inventory-II, the Thought Control Questionnaire and the Anxious Thoughts Inventory. In Study 2, a general population sample (n = 384) and a clinical sample (n = 152) completed the CBAS, the Young Compensation Inventory and the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale-21.Results:Exploratory factor analysis of the data from Study 1 suggested a four-factor solution for CBAS. The CBAS had acceptable internal consistency and test–re-test reliability, and showed significant correlations with depression symptoms and anxious thoughts. Confirmatory factor analysis of the data from Study 2 indicated good fit between the four-factor model and data. The CBAS had a significant relationship with depression, anxiety and stress symptoms, but no associations with schema compensatory behaviour strategy. Finally, the CBAS and its subscales successfully distinguished a clinical sample from a general population sample.Conclusions:The findings provide preliminary evidence for reliability and validity of the CBAS among Iranian student, general population and clinical samples.

scholarly journals The Arabic Version of the Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 (PID-5) in a Clinical Sample of United Arab Emirates (UAE) Nationals

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 794-806
Author(s):  
Olga Coelho ◽  
Rute Pires ◽  
Ana Sousa Ferreira ◽  
Bruno Gonçalves ◽  
Samia A. Alkhoori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Arabic Version ◽  
High Effect ◽  
S Factor ◽  
Positive Correlations

Objectives: We aimed to test the potential of the Arabic version of the PID-5 to distinguish between clinical and non-clinical participants, as well as to examine its convergent validity and factor structure in an Emirati clinical sample. Methods: The Arabic version of the PID-5 was administered to a clinical sample comprised of 156 participants (Mage = 31.38, SD = 8.99, 37.8% male, 62.2% female) and a community sample also comprised of 156 participants (Mage = 31.43, SD = 9.52, 37.2% male, 62.8% female). We addressed the descriptive measures, internal consistency, mean rank scores differences, convergent validity with SCL-90-R, and PID-5's factor structure. Results: As expected, the clinical sample presented statistically significantly higher scores than the non-clinical sample, with medium to high effect sizes. In addition, all the PID-5 domains showed positive correlations with most of the symptomatic constellations of the SCL-90-R as well as the PID-5 facets with all their SCL-90-R counterparts. However, our findings did not entirely replicate the PID-5 original 5-factor structure, as only a 4-factor solution was retained. Conclusions: Future studies with the Arabic PID-5 in clinical samples are needed to understand its relevance and clinical utility in Arabic countries.

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